scholarly journals Exploration of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Approach in Synthesizing the Diet Quality of the Malaysian Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Asma’ Ali ◽  
Barrie M. Margetts ◽  
Ahmad Ali Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Malaysian Population

(1) Background: One of the most main dietary assessments is through a posteriori application. Although extensive research has incorporated dietary assessment of a population through a posteriori application, this study is the first to examine the Malaysian population and use an a posteriori method and principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the dietary patterns of the Malaysian population. The correlation between all dietary patterns derived via PCA and selected nutrient intake were determined in this sample of study; (2) Methods: A total of 3063 respondents (18 to 59 years old) covering Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak, participated in this study. PCA was applied on the food frequency questionnaire collected from the respondents, and descriptive statistics and PCA were performed using SPSS version 21; (3) Results: Six patterns were identified: “traditional”, “ prudent”, “ modern”, “western”, “Chinese”, and “combination” diets. All together, these six patterns were able to explain 45.9% of the total variability. Few components derived from the factor loadings showed positive association with several nutrient markers. The traditional dietary pattern showed a moderate, positive correlation with total protein and total sugar intake, there was a significant moderate correlation between the prudent dietary pattern and dietary fibre, and there was a moderate positive association between the Chinese dietary pattern and total energy; and (4) Conclusions: The exploration of the PCA approach above may provide justification for assessment of dietary patterns rather than reliance on single nutrients or foods to identify potential connections to overall nutritional wellbeing as well as to explore the diet–disease relationship. However, study of pattern analysis must be conducted among the Malaysian population to produce validity and reproducibility for this dietary approach in light of the numerous methodological issues that arise when performing PCA.

scholarly journals Using both principal component analysis and reduced rank regression to study dietary patterns and diabetes in Chinese adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Batis ◽  
Michelle A Mendez ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
Linda Adair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Rank Regression ◽  
Reduced Rank

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the association between dietary patterns and diabetes using the strengths of two methods: principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the eating patterns of the population and reduced rank regression (RRR) to derive a pattern that explains the variation in glycated Hb (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting glucose.DesignWe measured diet over a 3 d period with 24 h recalls and a household food inventory in 2006 and used it to derive PCA and RRR dietary patterns. The outcomes were measured in 2009.SettingAdults (n 4316) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratio for diabetes prevalence (HbA1c≥6·5 %), comparing the highest dietary pattern score quartile with the lowest, was 1·26 (95 % CI 0·76, 2·08) for a modern high-wheat pattern (PCA; wheat products, fruits, eggs, milk, instant noodles and frozen dumplings), 0·76 (95 % CI 0·49, 1·17) for a traditional southern pattern (PCA; rice, meat, poultry and fish) and 2·37 (95 % CI 1·56, 3·60) for the pattern derived with RRR. By comparing the dietary pattern structures of RRR and PCA, we found that the RRR pattern was also behaviourally meaningful. It combined the deleterious effects of the modern high-wheat pattern (high intakes of wheat buns and breads, deep-fried wheat and soya milk) with the deleterious effects of consuming the opposite of the traditional southern pattern (low intakes of rice, poultry and game, fish and seafood).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that using both PCA and RRR provided useful insights when studying the association of dietary patterns with diabetes.

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Pattern and Perceived Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 430-430
Author(s):  
Casey McKenna ◽  
Gerard Dempsey ◽  
Michael Colabelli ◽  
Tharsana Kumarasivam ◽  
Rachel Molzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Objectives Recent evidence is pointing toward the effect of nutrients on neurotransmission. Therefore, dietary patterns may impact the stress response as well as mental wellbeing. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and perceived stress as a way to shed light on the impact of diet quality on psychological stress. Methods An anonymous questionnaire combining three validated scales was distributed through several social media platforms. The questionnaire included the Food-Mood Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Kessler-6 scale as well as questions assessing frequency of consumption of various tyrosine-rich foods. Inclusion criteria included adults 18 years old or older. Results were analyzed using Spearman's Rho correlation and principal component analysis using SPSS Version 24.0. Results Our results indicated that several components of the Mediterranean diet such as whole grains (P < 0.05), dark green leafy vegetables (P < 0.01), fish (P < 0.01), beans (P < 0.05), and red lean meat (P < 0.01) were negatively correlated with perceived stress total score. Fast food was positively correlated with perceived stress total score (P < 0.01). The principal component analysis identified 3 components: a healthy dietary pattern, a healthy lifestyle, and an unhealthy dietary pattern. Interestingly, a healthy lifestyle, which shared multiple components with the Mediterranean diet, was inversely related to perceived stress total score and mental distress total score. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a dietary pattern similar to the Mediterranean diet may be associated with a lower perceived stress response. Funding Sources None.

Abstract P049: Principal Component Analysis of Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Older British Men

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Atkins ◽  
Peter Whincup ◽  
Richard Morris ◽  
Lucy Lennon ◽  
Olia Papacosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Diet quality is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality, but few studies have examined the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in older adults. We examined prospective associations between dietary patterns defined using principal component analysis and the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in older British men. Methods: 3226 men aged 60-79 years from the British Regional Heart Study, free from CVD at baseline, were followed-up for 11 years. Baseline food frequency questionnaire data were used to generate dietary intake data on 34 food groups. Principal component analysis identified dietary patterns which were then categorised according to quartiles of adherence. Cox proportional hazards regression examined associations between dietary patterns and risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, CVD events and coronary heart disease (CHD) events, adjusting for confounders. Results: Principal component analysis identified three interpretable dietary patterns, which explained 20.8% of the total variance. An ‘unhealthy’ dietary pattern explained the greatest single proportion of the variance (7.9%) and was characterised by consumption of red meat, meat products, white bread, fried potato and eggs. A ‘healthy’ dietary pattern was characterised by consumption of poultry, fish, fruit, vegetables, legumes, pasta, rice, wholemeal bread, eggs and olive oil and explained 7.1% of the variance. Finally, a ‘sweet’ dietary pattern was characterised by consumption of biscuits, puddings, chocolate, sweets, sweet spreads and breakfast cereal and explained 5.8% of the variance. There were 899 deaths, 316 CVD deaths, 569 CVD events and 301 CHD events during follow-up. An ‘unhealthy’ dietary pattern was associated with a graded increase in risk of all-cause mortality, after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors (highest vs. lowest quartile; HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.13-1.84, p-trend = 0.007). No significant associations were seen between the risk of all-cause mortality and the ‘healthy’ diet (highest vs. lowest quartile; HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.66-1.04, p-trend = 0.28) or the ‘sweet’ diet (highest vs. lowest quartile; HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.77-1.29, p-trend = 0.71). None of the dietary patterns were significantly associated with cardiovascular outcomes (CVD mortality, CVD events or CHD events). Conclusions: Dietary patterns are an important risk factor for all-cause mortality in the elderly. Older adults should avoid a high consumption of components of an ‘unhealthy’ dietary pattern to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Worldwide dietary patterns and their association with socioeconomic data: an ecological exploratory study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gonçalves da Costa ◽  
Bruno Francisco Teixeira Simões ◽  
Alessandra da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Socioeconomic Data

Objective: To identify dietary patterns in food availability data at the global level using multivariate statistical methodology, to associate the identified dietary patterns with socioeconomic data and to analyze the adequacy of the applied statistical methods in data of food availability. Methods: Principal Component Analysis was applied to food availability data of 172 UN registered countries available at FAOSTAT database in Food Balance Sheets section. The Principal Components were correlated with socioeconomic data available from the World Bank database. Results: Five principal components were identified, each characterizing a dietary pattern. The first one, a westernized dietary pattern, was composed of energy-dense and processed foods, foods of animal origin, alcoholic beverages, but also, albeit less, by vegetables, fruits and nuts, being correlated with income, urbanization and trade liberalization. This westernized pattern was characterized more by western, animal origin and processed foods, yet preserving unprocessed and regional foods. The other dietary patterns were three agricultural patterns characterized more by regional foods, especially starchy staples, and one coastal dietary pattern composed of fish and seafoods, being associated with GINI index, poverty, and female labor force. Conclusions: Principal Component Analysis was adequate to identify dietary patterns in food availability data. A westernized dietary pattern was identified, being associated with income, urbanization and trade liberalization. This association did not occur for the remain of the dietary patterns identified, these being less driven by economic development.

scholarly journals Using principal component analysis to characterize dietary patterns in children from Uruguay

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Lee ◽  
Pao Ying Hsiao ◽  
Elena Queirolo ◽  
Fabiana Peregalli ◽  
Katarzyna Kordas
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis

Sociodemographic characteristics and dietary patterns in cardiometabolic risk subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 2780-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira ◽  
Juliana Farias de Novaes ◽  
Sarah Aparecida Vieira ◽  
Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha ◽  
Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional Pattern

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the associations of dietary patterns with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a cardiometabolic risk population. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study data from 295 (n=123 men/172 women, 42±16 years) participants in a Cardiovascular Health Care Program were included. After a 24-hour recall interview the dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle data were collected by medical records. Findings Subjects with diabetes and hypertension had a higher adherence in the “traditional” pattern (rice, beans, tubers, oils and meats). Poisson regression models showed that male subjects with low schooling and smokers had greater adherence to the “traditional” pattern. Also, students, women, and those with higher schooling and sleeping =7 h/night showed higher adherence to healthy patterns (whole grains, nuts, fruits and dairy). Women, young adults and those with higher schooling and fewer sleep hours had greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns. Those with low schooling and unhealthy lifestyle showed more adherence to the “traditional” pattern. Social implications The results indicate the importance to personalized nutritional therapy and education against cardiometabolic risk, considering the dietary patterns specific to each population. Originality/value Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics can influence dietary patterns and this is one of the few studies that investigated this relationship performing principal component analysis.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Principal Component Analysis–Derived Dietary Patterns in Japanese Adults: Are Major Dietary Patterns Reproducible Within a Country?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Nana Shinozaki ◽  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Xiaoyi Yuan ◽  
Ayumi Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Different Populations

ABSTRACT Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely used in nutritional epidemiology to derive dietary patterns. However, although PCA-derived dietary patterns are population-dependent, their reproducibility in different populations is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether major dietary patterns are consistently identified among different populations within a country and, if so, how similar these dietary patterns are. We conducted a systematic review of PCA-derived dietary patterns in Japanese adults using PubMed and Web of Science for English articles and Ichushi-Web and CiNii databases for Japanese articles. We assessed the reproducibility of major dietary patterns using congruence coefficients (CCs), with values ≥0.80 considered to represent fair similarity. From 65 articles (80 studies) included in this review, 285 different dietary patterns were identified. Based on the names of these patterns, major dietary patterns were Western (n = 34), Japanese (n = 12), traditional (n = 10), traditional Japanese (n = 9), healthy (n = 18), and prudent (n = 9) patterns. When assessment was limited to high-quality data (i.e., studies based on a sample size ≥200 and use of a validated dietary assessment questionnaire or multiple-day dietary record), the median CC was low for Western (0.44), traditional (0.59), and traditional Japanese (0.31) patterns. Conversely, the median CC was 0.89 for healthy, 0.86 for prudent, and 0.80 for Japanese patterns; and the proportion of pairs with a CC ≥0.80 was 87.3%, 64.3%, and 50.0%, respectively. Characteristics shared among these 3 dietary patterns included higher intakes of mushrooms, seaweeds, vegetables, potatoes, fruits, pulses, and pickles. In conclusion, this systematic review showed that some of the major dietary patterns are relatively reproducible in different populations within a country, whereas others are not. This highlights the importance of careful interpretation of PCA-derived dietary patterns. Our findings in Japan should be confirmed in different countries and globally. This study was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42018087669.

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