scholarly journals Free Fatty Acids Signature in Human Intestinal Disorders: Significant Association between Butyric Acid and Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Simone Baldi ◽  
Marta Menicatti ◽  
Giulia Nannini ◽  
Elena Niccolai ◽  
Edda Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Altered circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), namely short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs), are associated with metabolic, gastrointestinal, and malignant diseases. Hence, we compared the serum FFA profile of patients with celiac disease (CD), adenomatous polyposis (AP), and colorectal cancer (CRC) to healthy controls (HC). We enrolled 44 patients (19 CRC, 9 AP, 16 CD) and 16 HC. We performed a quantitative FFA evaluation with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method (GC–MS), and we performed Dirichlet-multinomial regression in order to highlight disease-specific FFA signature. HC showed a different composition of FFAs than CRC, AP, and CD patients. Furthermore, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) confirmed perfect overlap between the CRC and AP patients and separation of HC from the diseased groups. The Dirichlet-multinomial regression identified only strong positive association between CD and butyric acid. Moreover, CD patients showed significant interactions with age, BMI, and gender. In addition, among patients with the same age and BMI, being male compared to being female implies a decrease of the CD effect on the (log) prevalence of butyric acid in FFA composition. Our data support GC–MS as a suitable method for the concurrent analysis of circulating SCFAs, MCFAs, and LCFAs in different gastrointestinal diseases. Furthermore, and notably, we suggest for the first time that butyric acid could represent a potential biomarker for CD screening.

scholarly journals Studies on lipid digestion in the preruminant calf

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Edwards-Webb ◽  
S. Y. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

1. The lipolysis of cow's milk fat by salivary lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in the preruminant calf has been studied in vitro by a simulated abomasal digestion, and also in vivo by examining the abomasal effluent collected over 12 h after giving whole milk to a calf.2. In the in vitro experiment the liquid drained from the clot contained a higher proportion of short-chain fatty acids than the abomasal effluent in the in vivo experiment. This was considered to indicate the absorption of short-chain free fatty acids from within the abomasum.3. Preferential release of short-chain fatty acids both in vitro and in vivo was observed.4. The outflow of butyric acid from the abomasum of the calf was initially rapid, but had levelled off at approximately 6 h, whereas the outflow of a typical long-chain fatty acid (palmitic) was fairly constant over the 12 h.Butyric acid predominated in the free fatty acids of abomasal effluent 0.5 h after feeding (668 mmol/mol total free fatty acids) but had become a minor component by 12 h (15 mmol/mol total free fatty acids).5. The mean amounts of free and esterified fatty acids (mmol/mol fatty acid ingested) present in the abomasal effluent from the 12 h collection period were: triglyceride 465, diglyceride 215, monoglyceride 68, free fatty acid 252. These values showed that only one-third of esterified fatty acids ingested are lipolysed to absorbable products by salivary lipase.

scholarly journals Fermentation and bulking capacity of indigestible carbohydrates: the case of inulin and oligofructose

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (S2) ◽  
pp. S163-S168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The bulking index (i.e. the increase in faecal fresh weight in gram per gram indigestible carbohydrate ingested) with oligofructose and inulin is similar to that produced with other easily fermented fibres such as pectins and gums. Most studies in man have been performed at a level of 15 g/d and more investigations on lower intakes are needed to appoint the least intake for an effect. Concerning short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) most studies have been using oligofructose and points at an increased butyric acid formation in the caecum of rats. In one study on rats with inulin high caecal proportions of propionic acid were obtained. As inulin has a higher molecular weight than oligofructose it might be speculated if this could be a reason to the different SCFA-profile formed. No effects on faecal concentrations of SCFA in humans have been revealed with inulin and oligofructose, which neither is expected as most of the SCFA formed during the fermentation already has been absorbed or utilized by the colonic mucosa.

scholarly journals Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), the products of gut bacteria metabolism and their role in the host

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Czajkowska ◽  
Bogumiła Szponar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Gut bacterial consortium is essential for the homeostasis of the immune system in mammals. A significant role in maintaining this balance play short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), bacterial metabolites resulting from fermentation of dietary oligosaccharides. The most significant are butyric, propionic and acetic acids present in the microbiome in a specified mole ratio, but these proportions may change due to diet, age, diseases, and other factors. SCFA are the type of messengers between microbiota and immune system. They are responsible for maintaining the balance in the pro- and anti-inflammatory reaction through the set of free fatty acid receptors (GPR). Short chain fatty acids may induce regulatory T-cells (Treg) by an bakteinhibition of histone deacetylase enzyme; the biggest inhibitory potential has butyric acid, causing proliferation and an increase of the functional capabilities of Treg cells. Manipulation of the gut microbiome composition and SCFA level constitutes a promising tool supporting treatment of chronic gastrointestinal diseases associated with an inflammation or caused by dysbiosis due to intensive use of antibiotics.

Diet, Serum Short Chain Fatty Acids, and Potential Molecular Associations in Obesity

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lobna Mohammad Nabil Helmy ◽  
Reem Mohamed Ahmed Sallam ◽  
Maha Mohamed Sallam ◽  
Hala M Abdelsalam ◽  
Dalia Abdel-Wahab Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to result in a wide range of health benefits including improvements in body composition and reduced body weight. However, excess production of colonic SCFAs has been implicated in the promotion of obesity. In this study, we aimed to explore the interrelation between diet, SCFAs production and obesity. This study included 31 subjects divided into a lean group and an obese group. Their dietary habits were assessed by means of food-frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall then blood samples were collected from all of them. Analysis of short-chain fatty acids (i.e., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) in serum was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Dietary assessment revealed that obese subjects had a significantly higher intake of carbohydrate, fat and sodium while lean subjects had a significantly higher intake of dietary fiber. Serum levels of propionate were higher in lean subjects compared to obese subjects (P < 0.05). Serum propionate level showed a positive significant correlation with fiber intake (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that healthy dietary choices and increasing daily fiber intake may be associated with positive health outcomes modulated by increasing short chain fatty acids.

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