The Effects of Chronic Consumption of Lipid-Rich and Delipidated Bovine Dairy Milk on Brown Adipose Tissue Volume in Wild-Type Mice

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is associated with increased energy expenditure by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis. The ingestion of a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplement and a high calorie diet are reported gateways into BAT activation. However, little is known about the effect of the MFGM and high calorie diets on BAT volume. To gain insight into this, mice were maintained on a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet in conjunction with either full-cream (FC) or skim bovine dairy milk (BDM). After being maintained on their respective diets for 13 weeks, their body composition, including BAT volume, was measured using X-ray microtomography. A high calorie diet resulted in an increase in the BAT volume and mice consuming an HF diet in conjunction with FC BDM had a significantly greater BAT volume than all the other groups. Conversely, mice consuming an HF diet in addition to skim milk had a lower BAT volume compared to the HF control. The data presented suggest that the consumption of a high calorie diet in conjunction with FC BDM increases the BAT volume in wild-type mice. This study may provide valuable insight into future studies investigating BAT volume and BAT activity in relation to environmental factors, including diet.

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The effects of chronic consumption of lipid-rich and delipidated bovine dairy milk on brown adipose tissue volume in wild-type mice

10.1101/2021.11.07.467371 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zachary DAlonzo ◽

John Mamo ◽

Liam Graneri ◽

Ryu Takechi ◽

Virginie Lam

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Wild Type ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Dairy Milk ◽

High Calorie Diet ◽

Insight Into ◽

High Calorie

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is associated with increased energy expenditure by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis. Ingestion of a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplement and a high calorie diet are reported gateways into BAT activation. However, little is known about the effect of MFGM and high calorie diets on BAT volume. To gain insight into this, mice were maintained on a high fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet in conjunction with either full-cream (FC) or skim bovine dairy milk (BDM). After being maintained on their respective diets for 13 weeks, body composition, including BAT volume, was measured using X-ray microtomography. A high calorie diet resulted in an increase in BAT volume and mice consuming a HF diet in conjunction with FC BDM had significantly greater BAT volume than all other groups. Conversely, mice consuming a HF diet in addition to skim milk had lower BAT volume compared to the HF control. The data presented suggests that consumption of a high calorie diet in conjunction with FC BDM increases BAT volume in wild-type mice. This study may provide valuable insight into future studies investigating BAT volume and BAT activity in relation to environmental factors including diet.

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The effects of melatonin administration in different times of day on the brown adipose tissue in rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Biology ◽

10.17721/1728_2748.2019.77.55-61 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Kalmykova ◽

M. Dzerzhynsky

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Optical Density ◽

Lipid Droplets ◽

Brown Adipocytes ◽

Melatonin Administration ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Evening Administration ◽

High Calorie

The aim of our study was to determine morpho-functional state (area of nucleus, brown adipocytes and also area and number of lipid droplets in each cells, general optical density of tissue) of brown adipose tissue in rats with high-calorie (high fat) dietinduced obesity after melatonin administration in different time of the day (morning and evening). Melatonin was administered daily by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg either 1 h after lights-on (ZT01) or 1 h before lights-off (ZT11) rats with high-calorie diet (HCD). Besides morphometric parameters as well were measured related visceral fat weight and related brown adipose tissue mass. Rats with HCD had huge changes in brown adipocytes morphology, which summarized in become resembles of classical white adipocytes: grown lipid droplets and cells area, but goes down lipid droplets number and optical density of brown adipose tissue. In general brown adipose tissue with above mentioned characteristic from HCD rats lose their ability to conduct strongly thermoproduction function. After melatonin used in rats with HCD arise leveling of pathological changes, which associated with consumption of HCD. Namely, in groups HCD ZT01 and HCD ZT11 we obtain decreased cells and lipid droplets area, increased lipid droplets number and optical density of brown adipose tissue, in relation to group HCD. Therese received changes has evidence about functionally active brown adipose tissue state, which can also dissipate of exceed energy (lipids – triacylglycerols) amount into whole organism during heat production for avoid to its storage in white adipose tissue and in outside adipose tissue. In addition, evening administration of melatonin (group HCD ZT11) demonstrate more activated state of brown adipose tissueand also related visceral weight gain less, than morning(group HCD ZT01). In conclusions, melatonin influence on morpho-functional state brown adipose tissue in rats with HCD, moreover evening administration can use for obesity therapy via its strong action on activate brown adipocytes.

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The thiol-disulfide homeostasis and its role in the pathogenesis of the experimental alimentary obesity

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v15i3.26290 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 419-423

Author(s):

Mariya Marushchak ◽

Inna Krynytska ◽

Lyudmyla Mazur ◽

Svitlana Yastremska ◽

Nina Begosh

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Medical Science ◽

Redox System ◽

Control Group ◽

White Rats ◽

The World ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Alimentary Obesity ◽

High Calorie Diet ◽

High Calorie

Objective: According to WHO, about 30 % of people in the world are overweight that allows to characterize this disease as a new non-infection epidemic of the XXI century. More than 500 million people in the world are overweight and 250 million are obese. There is a clear tendency to increasing of alimentary obesity among people with different age, sex and nationality. The aim of the study is to investigate the thiol-disulfide homeostasis in liver tissue, adipose tissue and erythrocytes in the pathogenesis of experimental alimentary obesity.Materials and methods: 60 males, non-liner, white rats around 3 months of age with alimentary obesity were examined during the study. Experimental obesity was modeled by administering of sodium glutamate to the feed mixture in a ratio of 0.6:100.0 and adding high-calorie diet. The glutathione redox-system activity in erythrocytes, liver and adipose tissue were analyzed by the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity.Results and Discussion: The data indicate a decrease in GSH level within 14 days of the experiment in all investigated tissues. The same trend was observed in animals on 28th day of the experiment: GSH index decreased in blood, adipose tissue and liver (P<0.05). The index of GSSG have increased on 28th day of the experiment in all investigated tissues vs control group (P<0.05). The ratio of the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione contents was much lower vs control group in all the studied tissues within 28 days of the experiment. During additional investigation of the activity of thiol-disulfide system enzymes it was found that reducing the concentration of GSH in rats with alimentary obesity was due to the lack of thiol-disulfide system enzymes activity: GP and GR, which take part in the regeneration of GSH from GSSG.Conclusion: experimental alimentary obesity is characterized by a reduced redox state in blood, adipose and liver tissues, which is determinative in increasing the free radical reactions and accumulation of highly toxic lipoperoxides in the tissue substrates.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.419-423

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Effect of two hypercaloric diets on the hormonal and metabolic profile of the adrenal gland

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2021-0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Mokrani Zoulikha ◽

Zerrouki Nacira ◽

Gernigon-Spichalowicz Therese ◽

Soltani Yacine

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Visceral Obesity ◽

Male Adult ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

High Calorie Diet ◽

High Calorie

Abstract Objectives Who disrupts who? It is not clear what the interaction is between a high calorie diet (HCD) and adrenal axis activation in obesity. The goal was to assess the effect of two hypercaloric diets commercialized in Algeria on the hormonal and metabolic profile of the adrenal gland in rabbits. Methods Two classes of local male adult rabbits (n=16) and a finishing diet (FD) as a control for 15 weeks. Results It has been shown that HCD-received animals have developed visceral obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance IR by dramatically increasing body weight, visceral fat tissue and adrenal weight, combined with elevated plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, leptin and insulin. The HCD diet increased the levels of cortisol in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in peri-adrenal adipose tissue (PAAT), and decreased cortisol levels in the liver. HCD also causes the process of inflammatory fibrosis associated with the migration and spread of chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland. Conclusions This study gives new insights into how diet-induced obesity studied on local rabbits affects the biology of the adrenal gland. The correlation of these changes with paracrine connections between the chromaffin cell and glomerulosa indicates potential therapeutic methods for obese-related steroid hormone dysfunction.

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Brown adipose tissue dynamics in wild-type and UCP1-knockout mice: in vivo insights with magnetic resonance

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1194/jlr.m042895 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 398-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Kirsten Grimpo ◽

Maximilian N. Völker ◽

Eva N. Heppe ◽

Steve Braun ◽

Johannes T. Heverhagen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Knockout Mice ◽

Wild Type ◽

Brown Adipose

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Caveolin-1-ablated mice survive in cold by nonshivering thermogenesis despite desensitized adrenergic responsiveness

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00071.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (3) ◽

pp. E374-E383 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Charlotte L. Mattsson ◽

Robert I. Csikasz ◽

Irina G. Shabalina ◽

Jan Nedergaard ◽

Barbara Cannon

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Standard Dose ◽

Acclimation Temperature ◽

Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Caveolin 1 ◽

Brown Adipose

Caveolin-1 (Cav1)-ablated mice display impaired lipolysis in white adipose tissue. They also seem to have an impairment in brown adipose tissue function, implying that Cav1-ablated mice could encounter problems in surviving longer periods in cold temperatures. To investigate this, Cav1-ablated mice and wild-type mice were transferred to cold temperatures for extended periods of time, and parameters related to metabolism and thermogenesis were investigated. Unexpectedly, the Cav1-ablated mice survived in the cold. There were no differences between Cav1-ablated and wild-type mice with regard to food intake, in behavior related to shivering, or in body temperature. The Cav1-ablated mice had a halved total fat content independently of acclimation temperature. There was no difference in brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) protein amount, and isolated brown fat mitochondria were thermogenically competent but displayed 30% higher thermogenic capacity. However, the β3-adrenergic receptor amount was reduced by about one-third in the Cav1-ablated mice at all acclimation temperatures. Principally in accordance with this, a higher than standard dose of norepinephrine was needed to obtain full norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in the Cav1-ablated mice; the higher dose was also needed for the Cav1-ablated mice to be able to utilize fat as a substrate for thermogenesis. In conclusion, the ablation of Cav1 impairs brown adipose tissue function by a desensitization of the adrenergic response; however, the desensitization is not evident in the animal as it is overcome physiologically, and Cav1-ablated mice can therefore survive in prolonged cold by nonshivering thermogenesis.

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CD47 differentially regulates white and brown fat function

Biology Open ◽

10.1242/bio.056747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. bio056747

Author(s):

Heather Norman-Burgdolf ◽

Dong Li ◽

Patrick Sullivan ◽

Shuxia Wang

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Fat ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Wild Type ◽

Comparable Amount ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Deficient Mice

ABSTRACTMechanisms that enhance energy expenditure are attractive therapeutic targets for obesity. Previously we have demonstrated that mice lacking cd47 are leaner, exhibit increased energy expenditure, and are protected against diet-induced obesity. In this study, we further defined the physiological role of cd47 deficiency in regulating mitochondrial function and energy expenditure in both white and brown adipose tissue. We observed that cd47 deficient mice (under normal chow diet) had comparable amount of white fat mass but reduced white adipocyte size as compared to wild-type mice. Subsequent ex vivo and in vitro studies suggest enhanced lipolysis, and not impaired lipogenesis or energy utilization, contributes to this phenotype. In contrast to white adipose tissue, there were no obvious morphological differences in brown adipose tissue between wild-type and knockout mice. However, mitochondria isolated from brown fat of cd47 deficient mice had significantly higher rates of free fatty acid-mediated uncoupling. This suggests that enhanced fuel availability via white adipose tissue lipolysis may perpetuate elevated brown adipose tissue energy expenditure and contributes to the lean phenotype observed in cd47 deficient mice.

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A histomorphometric study on the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) combined with a high-calorie diet (HCD) on aortic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)

Acta Histochemica ◽

10.1016/j.acthis.2017.05.009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 119 (5) ◽

pp. 555-562

Author(s):

S. Nel ◽

H. Strijdom ◽

A. Genis ◽

F. Everson ◽

R. Van Wijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽

Histomorphometric Study ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

High Calorie Diet ◽

High Calorie

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Thermoneutrality induces skeletal muscle myopathy via brown adipose tissue in an IRF4- and myostatin-dependent manner

10.1101/274365 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Xingxing Kong ◽

Peng Zhou ◽

Ting Yao ◽

Lawrence Kazak ◽

Danielle Tenen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Muscle Function ◽

List Type ◽

Wild Type ◽

Brown Adipose

SummarySkeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT) share a common lineage and have been functionally linked, as exercise increases browning through the actions of various myokines. It is unknown, however, whether BAT can affect skeletal muscle function. Our prior work has shown that loss of the transcription factor IRF4 in BAT (BATI4KO) reduces adaptive thermogenesis. Here, we note that these mice also have reduced exercise capacity relative to wild-type littermates, associated with diminished mitochondrial function, ribosomal protein synthesis, and mTOR signaling in muscle, in addition to the signature ultrastructural abnormalities of tubular aggregate myopathy. Within brown adipose tissue, loss of IRF4 caused the induction of a myogenic gene expression signature, which includes an increase in the secreted factor myostatin, a known inhibitor of muscle function. Reduction of myostatin activity by the injection of neutralizing antibodies or soluble ActRIIB receptor rescued the exercise capacity of BATI4KO mice. Additionally, overexpression of IRF4 in brown adipocytes reduced serum myostatin and increased mitochondrial function and exercise capacity in muscle. A physiological role for this system is suggested by the observation that mice housed at thermoneutrality show lower exercise capacity with increased serum myostatin; both of these abnormalities are corrected by surgical removal of BAT. Collectively, our data point to an unsuspected level of BAT-muscle cross-talk driven by IRF4 and myostatin.HighlightsMice lacking IRF4 in BAT have a decrease in exercise capacity, accompanied by histological, ultrastructural, signaling, gene expression, and bioenergetic evidence of myopathy in white vastus.Loss of IRF4 promotes the expression of a myogenic signature in BAT, including the myokine myostatin.Neutralization of serum myostatin rescues the ability of BATI4KO mice to exercise normally, while overexpression of IRF4 in BAT allows mice to run better than wild-type counterparts.Thermoneutrality reduces the level of IRF4 in BAT of WT mice, resulting in a myopathic phenotype that can be reversed by surgical excision of BAT.

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