Effect of two hypercaloric diets on the hormonal and metabolic profile of the adrenal gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokrani Zoulikha ◽  
Zerrouki Nacira ◽  
Gernigon-Spichalowicz Therese ◽  
Soltani Yacine
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

Abstract Objectives Who disrupts who? It is not clear what the interaction is between a high calorie diet (HCD) and adrenal axis activation in obesity. The goal was to assess the effect of two hypercaloric diets commercialized in Algeria on the hormonal and metabolic profile of the adrenal gland in rabbits. Methods Two classes of local male adult rabbits (n=16) and a finishing diet (FD) as a control for 15 weeks. Results It has been shown that HCD-received animals have developed visceral obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance IR by dramatically increasing body weight, visceral fat tissue and adrenal weight, combined with elevated plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, leptin and insulin. The HCD diet increased the levels of cortisol in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in peri-adrenal adipose tissue (PAAT), and decreased cortisol levels in the liver. HCD also causes the process of inflammatory fibrosis associated with the migration and spread of chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland. Conclusions This study gives new insights into how diet-induced obesity studied on local rabbits affects the biology of the adrenal gland. The correlation of these changes with paracrine connections between the chromaffin cell and glomerulosa indicates potential therapeutic methods for obese-related steroid hormone dysfunction.

scholarly journals The thiol-disulfide homeostasis and its role in the pathogenesis of the experimental alimentary obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Mariya Marushchak ◽  
Inna Krynytska ◽  
Lyudmyla Mazur ◽  
Svitlana Yastremska ◽  
Nina Begosh
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
The World ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Alimentary Obesity ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

Objective: According to WHO, about 30 % of people in the world are overweight that allows to characterize this disease as a new non-infection “epidemic” of the XXI century. More than 500 million people in the world are overweight and 250 million are obese. There is a clear tendency to increasing of alimentary obesity among people with different age, sex and nationality. The aim of the study is to investigate the thiol-disulfide homeostasis in liver tissue, adipose tissue and erythrocytes in the pathogenesis of experimental alimentary obesity.Materials and methods: 60 males, non-liner, white rats around 3 months of age with alimentary obesity were examined during the study. Experimental obesity was modeled by administering of sodium glutamate to the feed mixture in a ratio of 0.6:100.0 and adding high-calorie diet. The glutathione redox-system activity in erythrocytes, liver and adipose tissue were analyzed by the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity.Results and Discussion: The data indicate a decrease in GSH level within 14 days of the experiment in all investigated tissues. The same trend was observed in animals on 28th day of the experiment: GSH index decreased in blood, adipose tissue and liver (P<0.05). The index of GSSG have increased on 28th day of the experiment in all investigated tissues vs control group (P<0.05). The ratio of the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione contents was much lower vs control group in all the studied tissues within 28 days of the experiment. During additional investigation of the activity of thiol-disulfide system enzymes it was found that reducing the concentration of GSH in rats with alimentary obesity was due to the lack of thiol-disulfide system enzymes activity: GP and GR, which take part in the regeneration of GSH from GSSG.Conclusion: experimental alimentary obesity is characterized by a reduced redox state in blood, adipose and liver tissues, which is determinative in increasing the free radical reactions and accumulation of highly toxic lipoperoxides in the tissue substrates.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.419-423

The Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Pods Extract Affects the Central and Peripheral Serotonergic Systems in Rats With High-Calorie Diet-Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Alona Yurchenko ◽  
Daryna Krenytska ◽  
Olesya Kalmukova ◽  
Nataliia Raksha ◽  
Tetiana Halenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

Relationship between sympathetic activity and diet-induced obesity in two rat strains

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. R364-R371 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Levin ◽  
J. Triscari ◽  
A. C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Sympathetic Function ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

Chronic diet-induced obesity developed in 50-60% of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a relatively high-calorie diet for 90 days. The remaining rats decreased their caloric intake and resisted the development of obesity. All male Fischer F-344 rats fed this diet for 85 days became obese but to only half the degree of the obese Sprague-Dawley rats. The development of chronic obesity in both rat strains was associated with decreased norepinephrine (NE) levels in hearts and aortas and decreased NE turnover in aortas compared with chow-fed controls. However, 40-50% of the Sprague-Dawley rats did not become obese on this diet, yet showed similar findings suggesting an effect of dietary composition on sympathetic function. The more profoundly obese Sprague-Dawley rats additionally showed decreased or absent NE turnover in their hearts and pancreases. Since sympathetic function in both strains of rats with diet-induced obesity was either depressed or normal, it appears unlikely that the initial enhancement of sympathetic activity seen during short-term overfeeding plays an important continuing role in combating more chronic states of obesity in the rat.

FATTY ACID COMTENTS IN RAT ADIPOSE TISSUES UNDER ANAEROBIC EXERCISE AND HIGH-CALORIE DIETS

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Yakimovich ◽  
M.Yu. Kotlovskiy ◽  
S.V. Gusakova ◽  
V.V. Ivanov ◽  
V.N. Vasil'ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturation Index ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

The objective of the paper is to study the effects of anaerobic exercise on fatty acids percentage in adipose tissues of different localization under high-calorie diets in rats. Materials and Methods. The authors examined Wistar rats under high calorie diets (32 % fat content). In the first group the animals were not exposed to any physical exercise. In the second group rats were exposed to anaerobic physical activity, namely swimming. The percentage of 24 fatty acids (FA) and the value of 14 integrative indicators (complexes) in the depot of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were determined using chromatography-mass spectrometry (Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. Anaerobic exercise led to an increase in saturated FAs in the mesenteric adipose tissues and to a decrease in unsaturated FAs, as well as to a decrease in the unsaturation index; an increase in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue of the FA sphingophospholipid substrates, FA membrane substrates, a decrease in the energy substrates, an increase of vitamin F FA substrates due to ω6 of unsaturated FAs. At the same time, a decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated FAs was observed in the subcutaneous depot, and the balance between ω3/ω6 shifted towards ω6 of unsaturated FAs. In the mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissues, there was a decrease in monounsaturated FAs due to ω9 of unsaturated FAs, and the ratio of saturated FAs/monounsaturated FAs shifted towards saturated FAs. Only in retroperitoneal adipose tissues there was a decrease in ω7 of saturated FAs due to C16: 1 ω7. Conclusion. Regular anaerobic exercise and a high-calorie diet showed the most pronounced effect on FAs in visceral adipose tissues, namely in mesenteric and retroperitoneal tissues. Keywords: fatty acids, fatty acid complexes, adipose tissues, anaerobic exercise, high-calorie diet. Цель – исследовать воздействие анаэробной физической нагрузки на процентное содержание жирных кислот в жировой ткани разной локализации на фоне питания повышенной калорийности у крыс. Материалы и методы. В исследовании использовали крыс линии Wistar, находящихся на питании повышенной калорийности (с долей жира 32 %). В первой группе животных физическая нагрузка отсутствовала, крысы второй группы получали физическую нагрузку преимущественно анаэробного характера в виде плавания. Процентное содержание 24 жирных кислот (ЖК) и значение 14 интегративных показателей (комплексов) в депо висцеральной и подкожной жировой ткани определяли на хромато-масс-спектрометре (Аgilent Technologies, США). Результаты. Анаэробная физическая нагрузка привела к увеличению содержания в мезентеральной жировой ткани насыщенных ЖК (НасЖК) и снижению ненасыщенных ЖК (НЖК), а также снижению индекса ненасыщенности; увеличению в забрюшинной жировой ткани ЖК-субстратов сфингофосфолипидов, ЖК-субстратов мембран, снижению субстратов энергии, увеличению содержания ЖК-субстратов витамина F за счет ω6 НЖК. При этом в подкожном депо наблюдалось снижение суммы полиненасыщенных ЖК, а баланс ω3/ω6 сместился в сторону ω6 НЖК. В мезентериальной и забрюшинной жировой ткани отмечалось снижение содержания мононенасыщенных ЖК (МНЖК) за счет ω9 НЖК, а соотношение НасЖК/МНЖК сместилось в сторону НасЖК. Только в забрюшинной жировой ткани было установлено снижение содержания ω7 НЖК за счет С16:1 ω7. Выводы. Регулярная анаэробная физическая нагрузка на фоне питания повышенной калорийности продемонстрировала наиболее выраженное влияние в отношении ЖК в висцеральной жировой ткани, а именно в мезентериальной и забрюшинной. Ключевые слова: жирные кислоты, комплексы жирных кислот, жировая ткань, анаэробная физическая нагрузка, диета повышенной калорийности.

scholarly journals The effects of chronic consumption of lipid-rich and delipidated bovine dairy milk on brown adipose tissue volume in wild-type mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary DAlonzo ◽  
John Mamo ◽  
Liam Graneri ◽  
Ryu Takechi ◽  
Virginie Lam
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Dairy Milk ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
High Calorie

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is associated with increased energy expenditure by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis. Ingestion of a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplement and a high calorie diet are reported gateways into BAT activation. However, little is known about the effect of MFGM and high calorie diets on BAT volume. To gain insight into this, mice were maintained on a high fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet in conjunction with either full-cream (FC) or skim bovine dairy milk (BDM). After being maintained on their respective diets for 13 weeks, body composition, including BAT volume, was measured using X-ray microtomography. A high calorie diet resulted in an increase in BAT volume and mice consuming a HF diet in conjunction with FC BDM had significantly greater BAT volume than all other groups. Conversely, mice consuming a HF diet in addition to skim milk had lower BAT volume compared to the HF control. The data presented suggests that consumption of a high calorie diet in conjunction with FC BDM increases BAT volume in wild-type mice. This study may provide valuable insight into future studies investigating BAT volume and BAT activity in relation to environmental factors including diet.

scholarly journals Osteosarcopenic Visceral Obesity and Osteosarcopenic Subcutaneous Obesity, Two New Phenotypes of Sarcopenia: Prevalence, Metabolic Profile, and Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Perna ◽  
Daniele Spadaccini ◽  
Mara Nichetti ◽  
Ilaria Avanzato ◽  
Milena Anna Faliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Osteosarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Main Criticism ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background. The main criticism of the definition of “osteosarcopenic obesity” (OSO) is the lack of division between subcutaneous and visceral fat. This study describes the prevalence, metabolic profile, and risk factors of two new phenotypes of sarcopenia: osteosarcopenic visceral obesity (OSVAT) and osteosarcopenic subcutaneous obesity (OSSAT). Methods. A standardized geriatric assessment was performed by anthropometric and biochemical measures. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess body composition, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Results. A sample of 801 subjects were assessed (247 men; 554 women). The prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) was 6.79%; OSSAT and OSOVAT were, respectively, 2.22% and 4.56%. OSVAT (versus the others) showed a higher level of inflammation (CRP and ESR, p<0.05), bilirubin (p<0.05), and risk of fractures (FRAX index over 15%, p<0.001). Subjects with OSSAT did not show any significant risk factors associated to obesity. Conclusions. The osteosarcopenic visceral obesity phenotype (OSVAT) seems to be associated with a higher risk of fractures, inflammation, and a worse metabolic profile. These conditions in OSVAT cohort are associated with an increase of visceral adipose tissue, while patients with OSSAT seem to benefit related to the “obesity paradox.”

scholarly journals Expediency of application of animals with the spontaneous hypertensia for modelling of the metabolic syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandrovna Kovaleva ◽  
Marina Nikolayevna Makarova ◽  
A. I. Selezneva ◽  
Valeriy Gennadyevich Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

When used within 11 weeks of diet “cafeteria diet” in spontaneously-hypertensive animals could lead to an increase in systolic blood pressure by 9%, sustained hyperglycemia, increased blood concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as an increase in the relative content of visceral fat. In normotensive animals line Wistar-Kyoto prolonged use of “cafeteria diet” was accompanied only by an increase in blood glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. Thus, the spontaneously hypertensive animals, the application of high-calorie diet demonstrated by three criteria pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome: hyperglycemia, hypertension and visceral obesity, which allows you to use the model for the study of drugs aimed at treatment of metabolic syndrome.

A Study on the Effect of High Calorie Diet on Stress Alleviation

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Sang Gyun Roh ◽  
Jae Gook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Change ◽  
Stress Alleviation ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

In this study, we tried to reveal the presence of a cytokine that is regulated by weight, food intake, body fat, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and corticosterone. The experiment group was given a high calorie diet and the control group was fed a normal calorie diet, and both groups were exposed to various stresses. The behavioral and hormonal change by the kinds and severity of stresses were measured via their immunologic aspect as well as their stress alleviation by voluntary high calorie food intake. After sacrificing the animal, the adrenal gland fat tissues were weighed, and the high calorie diet group showed heavier adrenal glands than those of the control group. In particular, the CVS A group had lighter adrenal gland weight than the Res B and CVS B groups, and the other groups had heavier adrenal glands. The comparison of plasma ACTH concentration to the corticosteroid secretion ratio showed that the CVS A group had decreased ACTH and an increased corticosteroid/ACTH ratio. This fact shows that the adrenal gland was highly active and, in spite of a normal corticosteroid concentration, induced too much negative feedback inhibition.

scholarly journals The effects of melatonin administration in determined times of day on the kidney in rats with high-calorie diet-induced obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
O. Kalmukova ◽  
T. Kushmyruk ◽  
M. Dzerzhynsky
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Kidney Morphology ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

Kidneys, like the cardiovascular system, are one of the main target organs, the most vulnerable to obesity, because the first take on the metabolism correction function at an increasing excess of fat tissue in the body. Kidney affection under obesity is a multifactorial thing that is caused by a number of processes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, insulin resistance and other factors. An optimal candidate for reducing the harmful effects of kidneys obesity should be a compound that simultaneously exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, controls the circadian rhythm, and also affects on the adipokines secretion. The molecule that meets these conditions is melatonin.The aim of our study was to determine morpho-functional state (morphology characteristic of kidney glomeruli and tubules; morphometric parameters: area and density of glomeruli) of kidney in rats with high-calorie (high fat) diet-induced obesity after melatonin administration in determined time of the day. Melatonin was administered daily by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg 1 h before lights-off (ZT11) rats with high-calorie diet (HCD). Rats with HCD had huge changes in kidney morphology, which manifested in presence of numerous mesangial cells outside glomeruli and lipid droplets in tubules epithelial cells, while area and density of glomeruli in cm2 decrease. In general kidney with above mentioned characteristic from HCD rats lose their ability to conduct strongly renal function. After melatonin used in rats with HCD arise leveling of pathological changes, which associated with consumption of HCD. Namely, in rats with development obesity melatonin administrations led to increase area and density in comparison to HCD group, moreover glomeruli density reach control values. This is suggest that melatonin have protecting effect against glomerular degeneration. In conclusions, melatonin influence on kidney morpho-functional state in rats with HCD and turn back pathological its changes, moreover evening administration can use for obesity therapy via its strong action on conservation glomerular morphology.

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