Micronutrient Intakes in 553 Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: Prevalence of Low and High Intakes in Users and Non-Users of Nutritional Supplements

This article explores disciplining effects of current anti-doping surveillance systems on the health consequences of non-elites’ daily behaviors and habits. As they are left out of direct anti-doping testing and enforcement, it is tempting to argue non-elites are unaffected by anti-doping efforts focused on the elite level of their sport. However, it is because they are not subject to anti-doping surveillance systems nor forced to comply with anti-doping regulations that non-elites are implicated within the wider arena of disciplinary power that envelops both elite and non-elite athletes and anti-doping agencies (Foucault 1979). Drawing on data from 28 interviews with non-elite runners I argue these runners do conform to the rules and norms of their sport as far as they understand them, but their knowledge of banned substances is inadequate and many non-elite runners have only a superficial and sometimes incorrect understanding of doping. Many view doping and its associated health risks as a problem only of elite running, as well as a problem limited to only a handful of widely publicized performance enhancing drugs or doping methods. As a result of these misunderstandings non-elite runners are vulnerable to negative health effects of over the counter (OTC) medications and nutritional supplements, which they view as “safe” and part of normal training as a result of the current elite surveillance model of anti-doping. The recent death of a non-elite marathon runner linked to use of the unregulated energy supplement DMAA demonstrates, questionable products are used by runners who may not be fully aware of the risks of use.

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Nutritional supplements in Norwegian elite athletes-impact of international ranking and advisors

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports ◽

10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.10288.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 138-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

J. Sundgot-Borgen ◽

B. Berglund ◽

M. K. Torstveit

Keyword(s):

Elite Athletes ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

International Ranking

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The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 751

Author(s):

Eric C. Bredahl ◽

Joan M. Eckerson ◽

Steven M. Tracy ◽

Thomas L. McDonald ◽

Kristen M. Drescher

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

The Elderly ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

The Past

The use of dietary supplements has become increasingly common over the past 20 years. Whereas supplements were formerly used mainly by elite athletes, age and fitness status no longer dictates who uses these substances. Indeed, many nutritional supplements are recommended by health care professionals to their patients. Creatine (CR) is a widely used dietary supplement that has been well-studied for its effects on performance and health. CR also aids in recovery from strenuous bouts of exercise by reducing inflammation. Although CR is considered to be very safe in recommended doses, a caveat is that a preponderance of the studies have focused upon young athletic individuals; thus there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of CR on children or the elderly. In this review, we examine the potential of CR to impact the host outside of the musculoskeletal system, specifically, the immune system, and discuss the available data demonstrating that CR can impact both innate and adaptive immune responses, together with how the effects on the immune system might be exploited to enhance human health.

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Nutritional supplements: prevalence of use and contamination with doping agents

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1079/nrr2006122 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 147-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

W Van Thuyne ◽

P Van Eenoo ◽

F. T Delbeke

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Health Risks ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Anabolic Steroids ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

The World ◽

World Anti Doping Agency ◽

Herbal Formulations

AbstractBased upon recent sales numbers, nutritional supplements play a key role in the lifestyle of a substantial proportion of the population. As well as products such as vitamins or minerals, several precursors of anabolic steroids are marketed as nutritional supplements. Another group of commercially available supplements are products for weight loss based upon herbal formulations originating fromEphedraspecies. Apart from supplements indicating the presence of these active compounds, numerous non-hormonal nutritional supplements were found that were contaminated with non-labelled anabolic steroids. Stimulating agents other than naturally occurring analogues of ephedrine were detected. A major group using dietary supplements are sportsmen, ranging from amateur level to elite athletes. Besides the possible health risks associated with the use of dietary supplements, athletes should take care not to violate the rules of the World Anti-Doping Agency because athletes remain responsible for substances detected in their biofluids, irrespective of their origin. Several analytical methods have been developed to determine the presence of doping agents as contaminants. The present review attempts to address the issues concerning the use of nutritional supplements and the detection of doping agents as contaminants in dietary supplements.

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Contaminated nutritional supplements – legal protection for elite athletes who tested positive: A case report from Germany

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640410400021922 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 723-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

H Striegel ◽

G Vollkommer ◽

T Horstmann ◽

AM Niess

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Nutritional Supplements

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Survey Study of the Use of Nutritional Supplements in Taiwan Elite Athletes

Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation ◽

10.24112/ajper.181848 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73

Author(s):

Zong Yan CAI ◽

Ku Fu HSU ◽

Yi An LIN ◽

Cheng Chen HSU ◽

Yu Wa TSENG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

Survey Study ◽

Mineral Supplements ◽

Sports Organizations ◽

Sports Drinks ◽

Current Usage ◽

Energy Supplements

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The purpose of this study was to understand the current usage of nutritional supplements in Taiwan elite athletes. This study adopting purposive sampling, we surveyed 105 male and 80 female athletes across sports selected for doping control at the National Athletic Games during year 2007 in Taiwan to understand the athletes’ use of nutritional supplements 14 days prior to the games. Categories of nutritional supplements include vitamin/mineral supplements, amino acid supplements, instant energy supplements, healthcare foods, and drinks. The results indicated 88.1% of the athletes have used nutritional supplements. The usage rates for different categories of nutritional supplements were vitamin/mineral supplements (48.1%), drinks (45.9%), healthcare foods (39.5%), amino acid supplements (31.9%), and instant energy supplements (24.9%). Female athletes had a higher tendency to use vitamin/mineral supplements (55.0% vs. 42.9%) and healthcare foods (47.5% vs. 33.3%) compared to male athletes. Among the sports, weightlifters/bodybuilders and swimmers have all used nutritional supplements (100%), especially the use of creatine for the weightlifters/bodybuilders (69.7%) and multivitamin (76.2%) for the swimmers. In addition, the most consumed types in different categories of nutritional supplements were multivitamins (37.3%) for vitamin/ mineral supplements, creatine (26.5%) for amino acid supplements, chocolate (15.1%) for instant energy supplements, Cordymax Cs-4 Capsules (16.2%) for healthcare foods, and sports drinks (42.4%) for drinks. In conclusion, the results on the current use of nutritional supplements for Taiwan elite athletes could act as a reference to coaches, athletes and sports organizations. 本研究目的在於了解台灣優秀選手使用營養增補劑的現況。本研究採立意抽樣，我們調查了2007年全國運動會(全運會) 期間，105 名男性以及 80 名女性需接受運動禁藥抽檢之選手，以了解其比賽前14天使用營養增補劑的情形。營養增補劑種類包括：維生素/礦物質、胺基酸補給品、即時能量補給品、保健食品，以及飲料類。本研究結果顯示88.1%的運動員有使用營養增補劑。不同種類的營養增補劑中，選手使用率分別為維生素/礦物質 (48.1%)；飲料 (45.9%)；保健食品 (39.5%)；胺基酸補給品 (31.9%)；即時能量補給品 (24.9%)。相較於男性選手，女性選手在維生素/礦物質 (55.0% vs. 42.9%) 與保健食品 (47.5% vs. 33.3%) 的使用率有較高的趨勢。在所有的運動項目中，舉重/健美以及游泳選手營養增補劑的使用率為100%，特別是舉重/健美選手對肌酸 (69.7%)，以及游泳選手對綜合維生素 (76.2%)有較高的使用率。此外，不同種類的營養增補劑中，選手最常使用的分別為維生素/礦物質之綜合維生素 (37.3%)；胺基酸補給品之肌酸 (26.5%)；即時能量補給品之巧克力 (15.1%)；保健食品類之動能食物膠囊 (16.2%)；飲料類之運動飲料 (42.4%)。本研究對台灣優秀選手使用增補劑的現況之結果可作為教練、選手以及各級運動團體之參考。

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Pharmacological and nutritional support for the function of the musculoskeletal system of elite athletes

Science in Olympic Sport ◽

10.32652/olympic2018.3_6 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 73-84

Author(s):

Larisa Gunina ◽

Aleksandr Dmitriev ◽

Olga Yushkovskaya

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

Highly Qualified ◽

Internet Resources ◽

Study Results ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Based Medicine

Objective. To develop a concept of the modern system of pathogenetically sound application of pharmacological preparations and dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of joint diseases in elite athletes. Methods. Analysis and synthetic generalization of research and methodological literature, as well as the Internet resources that are relevant to the matter under study. Results. The data on the prevalence and the causes of joint disorders in highly qualified athletes are presented. The categories of pharmacological and nutritional aids are described that are used in the world practice to prevent and treat such diseases in athletes. The emphasis was placed on the inappropriateness of the transfer of the treatment program for patients with rheumatoid arthritis to the system of prevention and treatment of joint disorders in athletes, where the development of this pathology is primarily mediated by a traumatic factor. The most common side effects of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs therapy most often used in such cases are described and current classification of these drugs is presented. The paper describes in detail supplementary aids of prevention and therapy for joint disorders using the nutritional supplements as well as provides the data on their effectiveness in terms of evidence-based medicine. Conclusion. The approach of a sports doctor to the prevention and treatment of the pathology of the articular apparatus in athletes in terms of the application of the entire spectrum of necessary drugs and nutritional supplements should be comprehensive and should take into account the specifics of the sport, especially the anti-doping legislation that regulates the systemic, local, and intra-articular application of glucocorticoids. Key words: high performance sport, diseases of the ligamentous-articular apparatus, pharmaceutical preparations, nutritional supplements.

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