scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Plant-Interacting Targets of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Silencing Suppressor

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ying Zhai ◽  
Prabu Gnanasekaran ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; species Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus) is an economically important plant virus that infects multiple horticultural crops on a global scale. TSWV encodes a non-structural protein NSs that acts as a suppressor of host RNA silencing machinery during infection. Despite extensive structural and functional analyses having been carried out on TSWV NSs, its protein-interacting targets in host plants are still largely unknown. Here, we systemically investigated NSs-interacting proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana via affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis. Forty-three TSWV NSs-interacting candidates were identified in N. benthamiana. Gene Ontology (GO) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were carried out on their closest homologs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The results showed that NSs preferentially interacts with plant defense-related proteins such as calmodulin (CaM), importin, carbonic anhydrase and two heat shock proteins (HSPs): HSP70 and HSP90. As two major nodes in the PPI network, CaM and importin subunit α were selected for the further verification of their interactions with NSs via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening. Our work suggests that the downstream signaling, transportation and/or metabolic pathways of host-NSs-interacting proteins may play critical roles in NSs-facilitated TSWV infection.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Alexander Nilon ◽  
Karl Robinson ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu ◽  
Neena Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.

scholarly journals Discovery of novel thrips vector proteins that bind to the viral attachment protein of the plant bunyavirus, tomato spotted wilt virus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael E. Badillo-Vargas ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Kathleen M. Martin ◽  
Dorith Rotenberg ◽  
Anna E. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Protein G ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Attachment Protein ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Wilt Virus

AbstractThe plant-pathogenic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), encodes a structural glycoprotein (GN) that, like with other bunyavirus/vector interactions, serves a role in viral attachment and possibly entry into arthropod vector host cells. It is well documented thatFrankliniella occidentalisis one of seven competent thrips vectors of TSWV transmission to plant hosts, however, the insect molecules that interact with viral proteins, such as GN, during infection and dissemination in thrips vector tissues are unknown. The goals of this project were to identify TSWV-interacting proteins (TIPs) that interact directly with TSWV GNand to localize expression of these proteins in relation to virus in thrips tissues of principle importance along the route of dissemination. We report here the identification of six TIPs from first instar larvae (L1), the most acquisition-efficient developmental stage of the thrips vector. Sequence analyses of these TIPs revealed homology to proteins associated with the infection cycle of other vector-borne viruses. Immunolocalization of the TIPs in L1s revealed robust expression in the midgut and salivary glands ofF. occidentalis, the tissues most important during virus infection, replication and plant-inoculation. The TIPs and GNinteractions were validated using protein-protein interaction assays. Two of the thrips proteins, endocuticle structural glycoprotein and cyclophilin, were found to be consistent interactors with GN. These newly discovered thrips protein-GNinteractions are essential towards better understanding of transmission of persistent propagative plant viruses by their vectors, as well as for developing new strategies of insect pest management and virus resistance in plants.Importance StatementThrips-transmitted viruses cause devastating losses to numerous food crops worldwide. For negative-sense RNA viruses that infect plants, the arthropod serves as a host as well by supporting virus replication in specific tissues and organs of the vector. The goal of this work was to identify vector/host proteins that bind directly to the viral attachment protein and thus may play a role in the infection cycle in the insect. Using the model plant bunyavirus, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and the most efficient thrips vector, we identified and validated six TSWV-interacting proteins fromFrankliniella occidentalisfirst instar larvae. Two proteins, an endocuticle structural glycoprotein and cyclophilin, were able to interact directly with the TSWV attachment protein, GN, in insect cells. The TSWV GN-interacting proteins provide new targets for disrupting the virus-vector interaction and could be putative determinants of vector competence.

scholarly journals Sequencing of New Zealands tomato spotted wilt virus isolates

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 408-408
Author(s):  
R.A. Lister ◽  
J.D. Fletcher ◽  
G.M. Timmerman-Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Capsid Gene Sequence ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

The capsid protein genes of thirteen isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Tospovirus) occurring in New Zealand have been sequenced TSWV is a thripsvectored virus causing serious damage in field and covered crops With recent new incursions of thrips species and tospoviruses it was considered of interest to identify what if any sequence variation occurs in the New Zealand TSWV isolates both from a temporal and geographic perspective The material chosen for sequencing was sourced from fresh glasshouse and field samples and also from samples that had been stored frozen for several years The oldest TSWV isolate was collected in 1992 and stored frozen since then and the most recently collected was from fresh material in 2008 Samples were obtained from several geographic locations throughout New Zealand When compared to the worldwide TSWV capsid gene sequence data held in GenBank cluster analysis of the sequence data has placed the New Zealand isolates into distinct groups Observations of the most closely related strains on a global scale may provide clues to the country of origin from which historic TSWV incursions into New Zealand originated

scholarly journals Discovery of Novel Thrips Vector Proteins That Bind to the Viral Attachment Protein of the Plant Bunyavirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael E. Badillo-Vargas ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Kathleen M. Martin ◽  
Dorith Rotenberg ◽  
Anna E. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Attachment Protein ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Wilt Virus

ABSTRACT The plant-pathogenic virus tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) encodes a structural glycoprotein (GN) that, like with other bunyavirus/vector interactions, serves a role in viral attachment and possibly in entry into arthropod vector host cells. It is well documented that Frankliniella occidentalis is one of nine competent thrips vectors of TSWV transmission to plant hosts. However, the insect molecules that interact with viral proteins, such as GN, during infection and dissemination in thrips vector tissues are unknown. The goals of this project were to identify TSWV-interacting proteins (TIPs) that interact directly with TSWV GN and to localize the expression of these proteins in relation to virus in thrips tissues of principal importance along the route of dissemination. We report here the identification of six TIPs from first-instar larvae (L1), the most acquisition-efficient developmental stage of the thrips vector. Sequence analyses of these TIPs revealed homology to proteins associated with the infection cycle of other vector-borne viruses. Immunolocalization of the TIPs in L1 revealed robust expression in the midgut and salivary glands of F. occidentalis, the tissues most important during virus infection, replication, and plant inoculation. The TIPs and GN interactions were validated using protein-protein interaction assays. Two of the thrips proteins, endocuticle structural glycoprotein and cyclophilin, were found to be consistent interactors with GN. These newly discovered thrips protein-GN interactions are important for a better understanding of the transmission mechanism of persistent propagative plant viruses by their vectors, as well as for developing new strategies of insect pest management and virus resistance in plants. IMPORTANCE Thrips-transmitted viruses cause devastating losses to numerous food crops worldwide. For negative-sense RNA viruses that infect plants, the arthropod serves as a host as well by supporting virus replication in specific tissues and organs of the vector. The goal of this work was to identify thrips proteins that bind directly to the viral attachment protein and thus may play a role in the infection cycle in the insect. Using the model plant bunyavirus tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and the most efficient thrips vector, we identified and validated six TSWV-interacting proteins from Frankliniella occidentalis first-instar larvae. Two proteins, an endocuticle structural glycoprotein and cyclophilin, were able to interact directly with the TSWV attachment protein, GN, in insect cells. The TSWV GN-interacting proteins provide new targets for disrupting the viral disease cycle in the arthropod vector and could be putative determinants of vector competence.

scholarly journals Non-Structural Protein NSm of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Is an Avirulence Factor Recognized by Resistance Genes of Tobacco and Tomato via Different Elicitor Active Sites

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjun Huang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Haiqin Yu ◽  
Cheng Yuan ◽  
Jianmin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Movement Function ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Avr Gene

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive viral pathogens of plants. Recently, a single dominant gene conferring complete resistance to TSWV (RTSW) was identified in Nicotina alata and introgressed into cultivated tobacco (N. tabacum). However, whether the TSWV carries an avirulence (Avr) factor directed against RTSW remains obscure. In the present study, we identified the non-structural protein (NSm), the movement protein of TSWV, which is an RTSW-specific Avr factor, by using two different transient expression systems. Using amino acid (aa) substitution mutants, we demonstrated the ability to induce RTSW-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) of NSm is independent of its movement function. Moreover, key substitutions (C118Y and T120N), a 21-aa viral effector epitope, and different truncated versions of NSm, which are responsible for the recognition of the Sw-5b resistance gene of tomato, were tested for their ability to trigger HR to TSWV in tobacco. Together, our results demonstrated that RTSW-mediated resistance is triggered by NSm in the same way as by Sw-5b, however, via different elicitor active sites. Finally, an Avr gene-based diagnostic approach was established and used to determine the presence and effectiveness of resistance genes in tobacco.

scholarly journals NbTMP14 Is Involved in Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infection and Symptom Development by Interaction with the Viral NSm Protein

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Jin Zhan ◽  
Huiping Shi ◽  
Weimin Li ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive plant viruses, causing severe losses in many important crops worldwide. The non-structural protein NSm of TSWV is a viral movement protein that induces viral symptoms. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NSm contributes to symptom development are unclear. Here, we present evidence that NSm directly interacts with Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein TMP14 (NbTMP14) by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. The interaction between NSm and NbTMP14 led to the translocation of the NbTMP14 protein from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm in TSWV-infected plants, and overexpressing NSm decreased NbTMP14 mRNA accumulation. In addition, abnormal chloroplasts and starch accumulation were observed in TSWV-infected plants. Silencing of NbTMP14 by TRV VIGS also showed similar results to those of TSWV-infected plants. Overexpressing NbTMP14 in transgenic N. benthamiana plants impeded TSWV infection, and silencing NbTMP14 in N. benthamiana plants increased disease symptom severity and virus accumulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the plant chloroplast TMP14 protein is involved in viral infection. Knowledge of the interaction between NSm and NbTMP14 advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TSWV symptom development and infection.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS INFECTING PEPPER PLANTS IN HUNGARY

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asztéria ALMÁSI ◽  
Gábor CSILLÉRY ◽  
Katalin SALÁNKI ◽  
Katalin NEMES ◽  
László PALKOVICS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breaking Strain ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wilt Virus

In Hungary resurgence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) frequently causesheavy crop losses in pepper production since the mid nineties. Management ofTSWV control was first directed against the thrips (using different insecticides orplastic traps), and against weeds as host plants of the virus and the thrips. Later onTsw resistance gene was introduced from Capsicum chinense PI 152225 and PI159236 into different types of pepper. In 2010 and 2011 sporadically, but in 2012more frequently a resistance breaking (RB) strain of TSWV on resistant peppercultivars was observed in the Szentes region (South-East Hungary). The presenceof a new resistance breaking strain was demonstrated by virological (test-plant,serological and RT-PCR) methods. Previously, the non-structural protein (NSs)encoded by small RNA (S RNA) of TSWV was verified as the avirulence factor forTsw resistance, therefore we analyzed the S RNA of the Hungarian RB and wildtype (WT) isolates and compared to previously analyzed TSWV strains with RBproperties from different geographical origins. Phylogenetic analysis demonstratedthat the different RB strains had the closest relationship with the local WT isolatesand there was no conserved mutation present in all the NSs genes of RB isolatesfrom different geographical origins. According to these results, it is concluded thatthe RB isolates evolved separately in geographic point of view and according to theRB mechanism. In order to find new genetic sources of resistance in Capsicumspecies 89 lines from Capsicum annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. chacoense,C. baccatum var. baccatum, C. baccatum var. pendulum and C. praetermissumwere tested with the Hungarian TSWV-RB isolate.

Lipid in a Purified Preparation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 203 (4945) ◽  
pp. 671-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUPERT J. BEST ◽  
GERARD F. KATEKAR
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

The effect of virus titre on acquisition efficiency of Tomato spotted wilt virus by Frankliniella occidentalis and the effect of temperature on detectable period of the virus in dead bodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Okazaki ◽  
Mitsuru Okuda ◽  
Kazuhiro Komi ◽  
Shuichi Yamasaki ◽  
Shiori Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Virus Titre ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
Wilt Virus
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