scholarly journals Non-Structural Protein NSm of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Is an Avirulence Factor Recognized by Resistance Genes of Tobacco and Tomato via Different Elicitor Active Sites

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjun Huang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Haiqin Yu ◽  
Cheng Yuan ◽  
Jianmin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Movement Function ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Avr Gene

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive viral pathogens of plants. Recently, a single dominant gene conferring complete resistance to TSWV (RTSW) was identified in Nicotina alata and introgressed into cultivated tobacco (N. tabacum). However, whether the TSWV carries an avirulence (Avr) factor directed against RTSW remains obscure. In the present study, we identified the non-structural protein (NSm), the movement protein of TSWV, which is an RTSW-specific Avr factor, by using two different transient expression systems. Using amino acid (aa) substitution mutants, we demonstrated the ability to induce RTSW-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) of NSm is independent of its movement function. Moreover, key substitutions (C118Y and T120N), a 21-aa viral effector epitope, and different truncated versions of NSm, which are responsible for the recognition of the Sw-5b resistance gene of tomato, were tested for their ability to trigger HR to TSWV in tobacco. Together, our results demonstrated that RTSW-mediated resistance is triggered by NSm in the same way as by Sw-5b, however, via different elicitor active sites. Finally, an Avr gene-based diagnostic approach was established and used to determine the presence and effectiveness of resistance genes in tobacco.

scholarly journals Natural Resources Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10978
Author(s):  
Shiming Qi ◽  
Shijie Zhang ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Sappah ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation and production worldwide. As defenses against TSWV, natural resistance genes have been identified in tomato, including Sw-1a, Sw-1b, sw-2, sw-3, sw-4, Sw-5, Sw-6, and Sw-7. However, only Sw-5 exhibits a high level of resistance to the TSWV. Thus, it has been cloned and widely used in the breeding of tomato with resistance to the disease. Due to the global spread of TSWV, resistance induced by Sw-5 decreases over time and can be overcome or broken by a high concentration of TSWV. How to utilize other resistance genes and identify novel resistance resources are key approaches for breeding tomato with resistance to TSWV. In this review, the characteristics of natural resistance genes, natural resistance resources, molecular markers for assisted selection, and methods for evaluating resistance to TSWV are summarized. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for identifying, utilizing resistance genes, and developing tomato varieties that are resistant to TSWV.

Resistance-breaking tomato spotted wilt virus variant that recently occurred in pepper in South Korea is a genetic reassortant

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Jung Kwon ◽  
Young-Eun Cho ◽  
Oh-Hun Kwon ◽  
Hyung-Gon Kang ◽  
Jang-Kyun Seo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a destructive viral pathogen in various crops, including pepper. While the single dominant gene Tsw has been utilized in pepper breeding to confer resistance to TSWV, the occurrence of TSWV variants that overcome Tsw-mediated resistance has been reported in various countries after several years of growing resistant cultivars. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of a resistance-breaking TSWV variant (TSWV-YI) that recently emerged in pepper in South Korea. TSWV-YI infected all the resistant pepper cultivars tested. The phylogenetic and recombination analyses of the complete TSWV-YI genome sequence showed that it is a reassortant that acquired its L and M RNA segments from the existing South Korean TSWV population and its S RNA in an isolate from another country. Given that TSWV-YI is a resistance-breaking variant, it appears that reassortment of the S RNA led to the emergence of this variant that breaks the Tsw gene in pepper grown in South Korea. Our results suggest that resistance-breaking TSWV variants are a potential threat to pepper production in South Korea and that strategies to manage these variants should be developed to ensure sustainable pepper production.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Plant-Interacting Targets of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Silencing Suppressor

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ying Zhai ◽  
Prabu Gnanasekaran ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; species Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus) is an economically important plant virus that infects multiple horticultural crops on a global scale. TSWV encodes a non-structural protein NSs that acts as a suppressor of host RNA silencing machinery during infection. Despite extensive structural and functional analyses having been carried out on TSWV NSs, its protein-interacting targets in host plants are still largely unknown. Here, we systemically investigated NSs-interacting proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana via affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis. Forty-three TSWV NSs-interacting candidates were identified in N. benthamiana. Gene Ontology (GO) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were carried out on their closest homologs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The results showed that NSs preferentially interacts with plant defense-related proteins such as calmodulin (CaM), importin, carbonic anhydrase and two heat shock proteins (HSPs): HSP70 and HSP90. As two major nodes in the PPI network, CaM and importin subunit α were selected for the further verification of their interactions with NSs via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening. Our work suggests that the downstream signaling, transportation and/or metabolic pathways of host-NSs-interacting proteins may play critical roles in NSs-facilitated TSWV infection.

A CAPS marker to assist selection of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance in pepper

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Moury ◽  
S Pflieger ◽  
A Blattes ◽  
V Lefebvre ◽  
A Palloix
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Caps Marker ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Pcr Marker ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wilt Virus

The hypersensitive resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in pepper is determined by a single dominant gene (resistant allele: Tsw) in several Capsicum chinense genotypes. In order to facilitate the selection for this resistance, four RAPD (among 250 10-mer primers tested) were found linked to the Tsw locus using the bulked segregant analysis and 153 F2 individuals. A close RAPD marker was converted into a codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) using specific PCR primers and restriction enzymes. This CAPS marker is tightly linked to Tsw (0.9 ± 0.6 cM) and is helpful for marker-assisted selection in a wide range of genetic intercrosses. Key words: Capsicum sp., PCR marker, bulked segregant analysis, Tospovirus, resistance gene.

scholarly journals Marker-assisted Selection for Coupling Phase Resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus and Phytophthora infestans (Late Blight) in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1424-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Robbins ◽  
Mohammed A.T. Masud ◽  
Dilip R. Panthee ◽  
Randolph G. Gardner ◽  
David M. Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Coupling Phase ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Phytophthora infestans (late blight) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) have a worldwide distribution and are known to cause substantial disease damage. Sw-5 (derived from S. peruvianum) and Ph-3 (derived from S. pimpinellifolium) are, respectively, TSWV and late blight resistance genes. These two genes are linked (within 5 cM on several maps) in repulsion phase near the telomere of the long arm on chromosome 9. The tomato lines NC592 (Ph-3) and NC946 (Sw-5) were crossed to develop an F2 population and subsequent inbred generations. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) using three polymerase chain reaction-based codominant markers (TG328, TG591, and SCAR421) was used in F2 progeny with the goal of selecting for homozygous coupling-phase recombinant lines. From 1152 F2 plants, 11 were identified with potential recombination events between Ph-3 and Sw-5; of those, three were male sterile (ms-10). F3 progeny were generated from the remaining eight F2 recombinants, and resistance to both pathogens, or Ph-3 and Sw-5 in coupling phase, was confirmed in three of those. Recombination was suppressed fivefold in our F2 population to 1.11 cM between genes when compared with published maps of the same region. However, MAS was an efficient tool for selecting the desirable recombination events for these two pathogen resistance genes.

scholarly journals NbTMP14 Is Involved in Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infection and Symptom Development by Interaction with the Viral NSm Protein

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Jin Zhan ◽  
Huiping Shi ◽  
Weimin Li ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yongqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive plant viruses, causing severe losses in many important crops worldwide. The non-structural protein NSm of TSWV is a viral movement protein that induces viral symptoms. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NSm contributes to symptom development are unclear. Here, we present evidence that NSm directly interacts with Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein TMP14 (NbTMP14) by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. The interaction between NSm and NbTMP14 led to the translocation of the NbTMP14 protein from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm in TSWV-infected plants, and overexpressing NSm decreased NbTMP14 mRNA accumulation. In addition, abnormal chloroplasts and starch accumulation were observed in TSWV-infected plants. Silencing of NbTMP14 by TRV VIGS also showed similar results to those of TSWV-infected plants. Overexpressing NbTMP14 in transgenic N. benthamiana plants impeded TSWV infection, and silencing NbTMP14 in N. benthamiana plants increased disease symptom severity and virus accumulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the plant chloroplast TMP14 protein is involved in viral infection. Knowledge of the interaction between NSm and NbTMP14 advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TSWV symptom development and infection.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS INFECTING PEPPER PLANTS IN HUNGARY

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asztéria ALMÁSI ◽  
Gábor CSILLÉRY ◽  
Katalin SALÁNKI ◽  
Katalin NEMES ◽  
László PALKOVICS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breaking Strain ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wilt Virus

In Hungary resurgence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) frequently causesheavy crop losses in pepper production since the mid nineties. Management ofTSWV control was first directed against the thrips (using different insecticides orplastic traps), and against weeds as host plants of the virus and the thrips. Later onTsw resistance gene was introduced from Capsicum chinense PI 152225 and PI159236 into different types of pepper. In 2010 and 2011 sporadically, but in 2012more frequently a resistance breaking (RB) strain of TSWV on resistant peppercultivars was observed in the Szentes region (South-East Hungary). The presenceof a new resistance breaking strain was demonstrated by virological (test-plant,serological and RT-PCR) methods. Previously, the non-structural protein (NSs)encoded by small RNA (S RNA) of TSWV was verified as the avirulence factor forTsw resistance, therefore we analyzed the S RNA of the Hungarian RB and wildtype (WT) isolates and compared to previously analyzed TSWV strains with RBproperties from different geographical origins. Phylogenetic analysis demonstratedthat the different RB strains had the closest relationship with the local WT isolatesand there was no conserved mutation present in all the NSs genes of RB isolatesfrom different geographical origins. According to these results, it is concluded thatthe RB isolates evolved separately in geographic point of view and according to theRB mechanism. In order to find new genetic sources of resistance in Capsicumspecies 89 lines from Capsicum annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. chacoense,C. baccatum var. baccatum, C. baccatum var. pendulum and C. praetermissumwere tested with the Hungarian TSWV-RB isolate.

scholarly journals A New Dominantly Inherited Source of TSWV Resistance in Tomato Derived from L. chilense, which Resists Isolates that Overcome Sw-5

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 991A-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel R. Stevens ◽  
John W. Scott ◽  
John J. Cho ◽  
Bradley D. Geary ◽  
Frederic D. Memmott
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Greenhouse Screening ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a tospovirus, is a thrips-vectored disease infecting more than 1000 species of both monocots and dicots, including many species of agriculture importance. TSWV is the limiting factor for tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) production in several areas of the world. For a number of years, the Sw-5 gene (derived from L. peruvianum Mill.) has provided acceptable control of this disease. Recently, Sw-5 derived resistance has been overcome by virulent pathogen isolate(s) in tomato production areas such as Spain and Italy. In earlier studies, we identified a potential new source of resistance to TSWV derived from L. chilense Dun. accession LA 1938. In a set of recent field studies, it was demonstrated that this putative new source of resistance was highly resistant to TSWV in Hawaii, Florida/Georgia, and South Africa. Furthermore, greenhouse screening trials have clearly demonstrated that the L. chilense source of TSWV resistance is resistant to isolates that overcome tomatoes homozygous for Sw-5. In these same greenhouse and field studies, there is uniform evidence that this resistance is dominant. Subsequent greenhouse studies suggest that this resistance is controlled by a single gene. Studies have been initiated to verify the inheritance of the gene(s) and to develop linked molecular markers. Furthermore, studies are under way in Australia to test this resistance on non-TSWV tospoviruses. If the data demonstrate that this is a single dominant gene we suggest this gene be designated Sw-7.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Alexander Nilon ◽  
Karl Robinson ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu ◽  
Neena Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.

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