scholarly journals Exploratory Space–Time Analyses of Reported Lyme Borreliosis Cases in France, 2016–2019

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Wen Fu ◽  
Camille Bonnet ◽  
Julie Figoni ◽  
Alexandra Septfons ◽  
Raphaëlle Métras
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In recent decades, the incidence of Lyme borreliosis (LB) in Europe seems to have increased, underpinning a growing public health concern. LB surveillance systems across the continent are heterogeneous, and the spatial and temporal patterns of LB reports have been little documented. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal patterns of LB cases reported in France from 2016 to 2019, to describe high-risk clusters and generate hypotheses on their occurrence. The space–time K-function and the Kulldorf’s scan statistic were implemented separately for each year to evaluate space–time interaction between reported cases and searching clusters. The results show that the main spatial clusters, of radius size up to 97 km, were reported in central and northeastern France each year. In 2017–2019, spatial clusters were also identified in more southern areas (near the Alps and the Mediterranean coast). Spatio-temporal clustering occurred between May and August, over one-month to three-month windows in 2016–2017 and in 2018–2019. A strong spatio-temporal interaction was identified in 2018 within 16 km and seven days, suggesting a potential local and intense pathogen transmission process. Ongoing improved surveillance and accounting for animal hosts, vectors, meteorological factors and human behaviors are keys to further elucidate LB spatio-temporal patterns.

scholarly journals Reactivation of latent infections with migration shapes population-level disease dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1935) ◽  
pp. 20201829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Becker ◽  
Ellen D. Ketterson ◽  
Richard J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Annual migration is common across animal taxa and can dramatically shape the spatial and temporal patterns of infectious disease. Although migration can decrease infection prevalence in some contexts, these energetically costly long-distance movements can also have immunosuppressive effects that may interact with transmission processes in complex ways. Here, we develop a mechanistic model for the reactivation of latent infections driven by physiological changes or energetic costs associated with migration (i.e. ‘migratory relapse’) and its effects on disease dynamics. We determine conditions under which migratory relapse can amplify or reduce infection prevalence across pathogen and host traits (e.g. infectious periods, virulence, overwinter survival, timing of relapse) and transmission phenologies. We show that relapse at either the start or end of migration can dramatically increase prevalence across the annual cycle and may be crucial for maintaining pathogens with low transmissibility and short infectious periods in migratory populations. Conversely, relapse at the start of migration can reduce the prevalence of highly virulent pathogens by amplifying culling of infected hosts during costly migration, especially for highly transmissible pathogens and those transmitted during migration or the breeding season. Our study provides a mechanistic foundation for understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of relapsing infections in migratory hosts, with implications for zoonotic surveillance and understanding how infection patterns will respond to shifts in migratory propensity associated with environmental change. Further, our work suggests incorporating within-host processes into population-level models of pathogen transmission may be crucial for reconciling the range of migration–infection relationships observed across migratory species.

THE NEW RADIOCARBON DATASET FOR TRILITH MONUMENTS OF SOUTHEASTERN ARABIA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
R Garba ◽  
P Demján ◽  
I Svetlik ◽  
D Dreslerová
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
South Central ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ABSTRACT Triliths are megalithic monuments scattered across the coastal plains of southern and southeastern Arabia. They consist of aligned standing stones with a parallel row of large hearths and form a space, the meaning of which is undoubtedly significant but nonetheless still unknown. This paper presents a new radiocarbon (14C) dataset acquired during the two field seasons 2018–2019 of the TSMO (Trilith Stone Monuments of Oman) project which investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of the triliths. The excavation and sampling of trilith hearths across Oman yielded a dataset of 30 new 14C dates, extending the use of trilith monuments to as early as the Iron Age III period (600–300 BC). The earlier dates are linked to two-phase trilith sites in south-central Oman. The three 14C pairs collected from the two-phase trilith sites indicated gaps between the trilith construction phases from 35 to 475 years (2 σ). The preliminary spatio-temporal analysis shows the geographical expansion of populations using trilith monuments during the 5th to 1st century BC and a later pull back in the 1st and 2nd century AD. The new 14C dataset for trilith sites will help towards a better understanding of Iron Age communities in southeastern Arabia.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic at the County Level in Hubei Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Yang ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Chaokui Li ◽  
Jincai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics or patterns of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic is critical in effectively preventing and controlling this epidemic. However, no research analyzed the spatial dependency and temporal dynamics of 2019-nCoV. Consequently, this research aims to detect the spatio-temporal patterns of the 2019-nCoV epidemic using spatio-temporal analysis methods at the county level in Hubei province. The Mann–Kendall and Pettitt methods were used to identify the temporal trends and abrupt changes in the time series of daily new confirmed cases, respectively. The local Moran’s I index was applied to uncover the spatial patterns of the incidence rate, including spatial clusters and outliers. On the basis of the data from January 26 to February 11, 2020, we found that there were 11 areas with different types of temporal patterns of daily new confirmed cases. The pattern characterized by an increasing trend and abrupt change is mainly attributed to the improvement in the ability to diagnose the disease. Spatial clusters with high incidence rates during the period were concentrated in Wuhan Metropolitan Area due to the high intensity of spatial interaction of the population. Therefore, enhancing the ability to diagnose the disease and controlling the movement of the population can be confirmed as effective measures to prevent and control the regional outbreak of the epidemic.

scholarly journals Domestic Dogs and Wild Foxes Interactions in a Wildlife-Domestic Interface of North-Central Chile: Implications for Multi-Host Pathogen Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. Hernández ◽  
Jonatan Manqui ◽  
Carlos Mejías ◽  
Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) often cohabite at interfaces shared by humans and wildlife, interacting with wild canids as predators, prey, competitors and reservoirs of several multi-host pathogens, such as canid-borne micro and macro parasites that could impact on wildlife, livestock and public health. However, spatio-temporal patterns of indirect interactions as promoters of pathogen transfer between domestic and wild canids are largely unknown. In this study, we used camera traps to describe the activity patterns and habitat use of dogs, chilla (Lycalopex griseus) and culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) foxes and identify the local-scale factors that may affect the frequency of dog-fox interactions through an anthropization gradient of the Coquimbo region, Chile. We assessed local-scale variables that may predict the number of interactions between dogs and foxes, and compared the time interval between dog-culpeo and dog-chilla interactions. Our findings suggested that closeness to urbanized zones predicts the frequency of indirect interactions between dogs and foxes. We found higher number of dog-fox interactions (60 interactions) at a periurban site adjacent to two coastal towns (Tongoy and Guanaqueros), compared to other two more undisturbed sites (12 interactions) increasingly distanced from urbanized areas. We showed that dogs interacted more frequently with chilla foxes (57 interactions) than with culpeo foxes (15 interactions), and the first interaction type occurred almost exclusively at the periurban site, where dogs and chillas were more frequently detected than in the other sites. We detected a marked temporal segregation between dogs and foxes, but dog-chilla interactions resulted in shorter time intervals (2.5 median days) compared to dog-culpeo interactions (7.6 median days), suggesting a higher potential risk of pathogen spillover between the first species pairing. Based on previous studies, we suggest periurban zones may constitute a potential focus of pathogen exposure between dog and fox populations in the study area. Our research contributes to improving the knowledge on the spatio-temporal patterns of interspecific contact between invasive and native carnivores within the context of multi-host pathogen dynamics. Our outcomes will inform theoretical epidemiological models designed to predict and minimize the contact risk between domestic and threatened species, guiding effective control strategies at the wildlife-domestic interface.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis to Dynamically Map and Audit Urban Growth in Peri-Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-868
Author(s):  
Yasser ElSayed Fouda ◽  
Deena Mohamed ElKhazendar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Villages located today in the peri-urban area, are in continuous agglomeration. The lack of proper guidelines and monitoring systems to define, promote, regulate and manage the pattern of development in these areas, causes massive deteriorations to the environment and quality of life. In Egypt, very few states have a dedicated legal framework that addresses the need for planned development in the peri-urban areas. A Spatio-temporal model framework consisting of a set of geospatial indicators is required to regulate and direct the growth and development of these areas and prevent further spill across administrative boundaries. This article responds to the lack of a geo-spatial quantifiable criterion as a key to detect, analyze, and better govern spatial and temporal patterns of urban growth in peri-urban areas, where the results are to be represented dynamically in forms of spatial patterns evolving in time. The research aims to develop a process-wise, contextual mapping of peri-urban dynamics using GIS to detect and analyze spatial and temporal patterns of urban growth. It has been applied to one of the peri-urban areas in Egypt, in Meet Assas Village, chosen as a case study. Miscellaneous primary and secondary data sources together with the methods used for monitoring: UN Criteria (Goal 11) targets, thematic headlines, village’s problems and geo-spatial indicators were the main constitutions of the model frame work. The results show that the village is characterized by a dispersed pattern of development with the absence of basic infrastructure and services. Besides that, the study reveals, through temporal patterns, that the future and unplanned growth will continue to intensify; posing numerous threats on the environment and the quality of life. A harmonized standardized measurement framework for planning, development, and management is crucial rather than demolishing these areas.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of tick-borne diseases (Tick-borne Encephalitis and Lyme Borreliosis) in Germany

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12422
Author(s):  
Sarah Cunze ◽  
Gustav Glock ◽  
Sven Klimpel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis

Background In the face of ongoing climate warming, vector-borne diseases are expected to increase in Europe, including tick-borne diseases (TBD). The most abundant tick-borne diseases in Germany are Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme Borreliosis (LB), with Ixodes ricinus as the main vector. Methods In this study, we display and compare the spatial and temporal patterns of reported cases of human TBE and LB in relation to some associated factors. The comparison may help with the interpretation of observed spatial and temporal patterns. Results The spatial patterns of reported TBE cases show a clear and consistent pattern over the years, with many cases in the south and only few and isolated cases in the north of Germany. The identification of spatial patterns of LB disease cases is more difficult due to the different reporting practices in the individual federal states. Temporal patterns strongly fluctuate between years, and are relatively synchronized between both diseases, suggesting common driving factors. Based on our results we found no evidence that weather conditions affect the prevalence of both diseases. Both diseases show a gender bias with LB bing more commonly diagnosed in females, contrary to TBE being more commonly diagnosed in males. Conclusion For a further investigation of of the underlying driving factors and their interrelations, longer time series as well as standardised reporting and surveillance system would be required.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of human Puumala virus (PUUV) infections in Germany

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cunze ◽  
Judith Kochmann ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Raphael Frank ◽  
Dorian D. Dörge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Puumala Virus ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Background Worldwide, the number of recorded human hantavirus infections as well as the number of affected countries is on the rise. In Europe, most human hantavirus infections are caused by the Puumala virus (PUUV), with bank voles (Myodes glareolus) as reservoir hosts. Generally, infection outbreaks have been related to environmental conditions, particularly climatic conditions, food supply for the reservoir species and land use. However, although attempts have been made, the insufficient availability of environmental data is often hampering accurate temporal and spatially explicit models of human hantavirus infections. Methods In the present study, dynamics of human PUUV infections between 2001 and 2015 were explored using ArcGIS in order to identify spatio-temporal patterns. Results Percentage cover of forest area was identified as an important factor for the spatial pattern, whereas beech mast was found explaining temporal patterns of human PUUV infections in Germany. High numbers of infections were recorded in 2007, 2010 and 2012 and areas with highest records were located in Baden-Wuerttemberg (southwest Germany) and North Rhine-Westphalia (western Germany). Conclusion More reliable data on reservoir host distribution, pathogen verification as well as an increased awareness of physicians are some of the factors that should improve future human infection risk assessments in Germany.

What can we learn from untapped wildlife rescue databases? The masked lapwing as a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham H. Pyke ◽  
Judit K. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Management And Conservation

Much untapped potential exists for research based on wildlife rescues and surveys by citizen scientists. Many vertebrate animals are injured or threatened with injury through human activities and warrant ‘rescue’, generally by volunteers. Faunal surveys, involving citizen scientists, yield complementary biologically relevant information. Research using these databases can indicate spatial and temporal patterns in abundance and risk of mishap, potentially informing management and conservation for threatened species. However, little research has utilised such databases, with few implications for conservation, leaving a wealth of available information. We used the masked lapwing (Vanellus miles), an Australian shorebird, to illustrate the research potential of a rescue database combined with bird survey data. This species nests and feeds on the ground, has flightless young dependent on parents for protection, and is commonly observed in urban and agricultural areas. Consequently, it is often recorded during bird surveys and is frequently rescued. Combining rescue information with abundance estimates from bird surveys should confirm or refine knowledge about abundance and reproductive biology, and indicate spatio-temporal patterns in the risks encountered. To evaluate these expectations, we obtained date, location and age for lapwings rescued by NSW Wildlife Information Research and Education Service during 2005–2013, and monthly reporting rates from New Atlas of Australian Birds during 1999–2010. Numbers of rescued lapwing chicks, juveniles and adults per month were consistent with the life cycle of this species, and risks from vehicles, pets and other human activities. Our results illustrate how research utilising rescue and fauna survey databases could inform management and conservation of threatened species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document