scholarly journals Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Kittipat Aupalee ◽  
Atiporn Saeung ◽  
Wichai Srisuka ◽  
Masako Fukuda ◽  
Adrian Streit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Type I ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Chiang Mai Province

The transmission of zoonotic filarial parasites by black flies has so far been reported in the Chiang Mai and Tak provinces, Thailand, and the bites of these infected black flies can cause a rare disease—human zoonotic onchocerciasis. However, species identification of the filarial parasites and their black fly vectors in the Chiang Mai province were previously only based on a morphotaxonomic analysis. In this study, a combined approach of morphotaxonomic and molecular analyses (mitochondrial cox1, 12S rRNA, and nuclear 18S rRNA (SSU HVR-I) genes) was used to clarify the natural filarial infections in female black flies collected by using human and swine baits from two study areas (Ban Lek and Ban Pang Dang) in the Chiang Mai province from March 2018 to January 2019. A total of 805 and 4597 adult females, belonging to seven and nine black fly taxa, were collected from Ban Lek and Ban Pang Dang, respectively. At Ban Lek, four of the 309 adult females of Simulium nigrogilvum were positive for Onchocerca species type I in the hot and rainy seasons. At Ban Pang Dang, five unknown filarial larvae (belonging to the same new species) were detected in Simulium sp. in the S. varicorne species-group and in three species in the S. asakoae species-group in all seasons, and three non-filarial larvae of three different taxa were also found in three females of the S. asakoae species-group. This study is the first to molecularly identify new filarial species and their vector black fly species in Thailand.

Natural infections with larvae of Onchocerca species type I in the human-biting black fly, Simulium nigrogilvum (Diptera: Simuliidae), in western Thailand

Acta Tropica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 105344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiporn Saeung ◽  
Wichai Srisuka ◽  
Kittipat Aupalee ◽  
Masako Fukuda ◽  
Yasushi Otsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Species Type

Molecular phylogeny of black flies in the Simulium tuberosum (Diptera: Simuliidae) species group in Thailand

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paradee Sriphirom ◽  
Piyamas Nanork Sopaladawan ◽  
Komgrit Wongpakam ◽  
Pairot Pramual
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Black Fly

Black flies are medically and ecologically significant insects. They are also interesting from an evolutionary standpoint regarding the role of chromosomal change and ecological adaptation. In this study, molecular genetic markers based on multiple gene sequences were used to assess genetic diversity and to infer phylogenetic relationships for a group of cytologically highly diverse black flies of the Simulium tuberosum species group in Thailand. Ecological affinities of the species were also investigated. High levels of genetic diversity were found in cytological species complexes, S. tani and S. doipuiense, and also in S. rufibasis, which was cytologically nearly monomorphic. The results highlight the necessity of integrating multilevel markers for fully understanding black fly biodiversity. Phylogenetic relationships based on multiple gene sequences were consistent with an existing dendrogram inferred from cytological and morphological data. Simulium tani is the most distinctive taxa among the members of the S. tubersosum species group in Thailand based on its divergent morphological characters. Molecular data supported the monophyletic status of S. tani, S. weji, and S. yuphae, but S. doipuiense and S. rufibasis were polyphyletic, most likely due to incomplete lineage sorting and inadequate phylogenetic signals. Ecological analyses revealed that members of the S. tuberosum species group have clearly different ecological niches. The results thus supported previous views of the importance of ecology in black fly evolution.

Morphological description, DNA barcodes and phylogenetic placement of a new mite species: Dinogamasus saengdaoae sp. nov. (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) found in the acarinarium of carpenter bees in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-495
Author(s):  
Korrawat Attasopa ◽  
Rafael R. Ferrari ◽  
Panuwan Chantawannakul ◽  
Hans Bänziger
Keyword(s):  
Mite Species ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Dorsal Shield ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Carpenter Bees ◽  
Chiang Mai Province

Dinogamasus saengdaoae Attasopa & Ferrari sp. nov. is described based on adult females from the abdominal pouch of females of Xylocopa tenuiscapa (Westwood) in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. The new species belongs to the D. perkinsi (Oudemans) group (sensu LeVeque) and can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) dorsal shield covering opisthosoma neither laterally nor posteriorly; (2) opisthonotal soft cuticle with a pair of relatively long setae posteriorly; (3) setae pd1, pd2 on genu I and ad3, pd3, pl1, pl2 on both genu and tibia I conical. Maximum likelihood-based analysis of newly-generated DNA barcodes shows that the sequenced specimens of D. saengdaoae sp. nov. form a monophyletic cluster, and parsimony analysis of a previously available morphological dataset indicates that the species comprises a strongly-supported clade with D. perkinsi and D. piperi LeVeque. We provide an additional couplet for Lundqvist’s key for the species of Dinogamasus Kramer to facilitate identification of D. saengdaoae sp. nov..

Classification, annotated list and keys for the black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Peninsular Malaysia

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4498 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROYUKI TAKAOKA ◽  
ZUBAIDAH YA’COB ◽  
MOHD SOFIAN-AZIRUN
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Male Pupa

The classification, annotated list and keys for the black fly species from Peninsular Malaysia are updated. The number of black fly species increased from 38 in 1995 to 62 (including a new species herein described) in 2018. The 62 species are classified in four subgenera of the genus Simulium: one species in Daviesellum, 35 species in Gomphostilbia, five species in Nevermannia and 21 species in Simulium. Species in the latter three subgenera are further placed in species-groups or subgroups. Keys are provided for females, males, pupae and mature larvae. Simulium (S.) perakense sp. nov. is described and placed in the S. striatum species-group. The males of S. (G.) decuplum, S. (G.) tahanense, S. (S.) malayense, the female of S. (G.) adleri, and the female and larva of S. (G.) varicorne are described for the first time. The female, male, pupa and larva of S. (G.) trangense, the male and pupa of S. (G.) varicorne and the pupa of S. (G.) adleri are redescribed. Simulium (G.) sp. A is identified as S. (G.) pegalanense. Brief notes for each species are given on morphological characteristics, aquatic habitats and geographical distributions. 

scholarly journals A25 Collections of adult black flies attracted to human and to buffalo in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
H. Takaoka ◽  
C. Aoki ◽  
M. Fukuda ◽  
C. Wej ◽  
J. Atchariya
Keyword(s):  
Black Flies ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Northern Thailand

ECOLOGY OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF THE SOURIS RIVER, MANITOBA AS A BASIS FOR CONTROL STRATEGY

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Westwood ◽  
R. A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Simulium Decorum ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Wire Cage

AbstractTen species of black flies were collected from the Souris River, Manitoba between April 1977 and October 1978. Adults of Simulium luggeri Nicholson and Mickel, Simulium meridionale Riley, Simulium venustum Say, Simulium verecundum Stone and Jamnback, and Simulium johannseni johannseni (Hart) were collected feeding on livestock and humans, and are well known pest species. Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt was the most abundant species, but was not a pest on man or domestic animals. Simulium tuberosum (Lundström) and Simulium johannseni duplex Shewell and Fredeen were the least abundant species. Simulium j. johannseni, S. j. duplex, S. venustum, S. verecundum, S. tuberosum, and Cnephia dacotensis (Dyar and Shannon) appeared to be univoltine species while S. luggeri, S. meridionale, Simulium decorum Walker, and S. vittatum were multivoltine in the Souris River.An evaluation of cone, plate, rope, and wire cage sampling devices for black fly larvae and pupae indicated that cone samplers provided a more representative sample for population assessment.In a black fly control program, of the Souris River, Manitoba two separate larvicide treatments in spring may be necessary. In the case of two treatments, the first should be aimed at late instar larvae of S. j. johannseni, S. venustum, and S. verecundum. Since the majority of S. luggeri and S. meridionale would be in the egg stage at this time, a second treatment, 10–14 days later, would be necessary to control late instar larvae of these species.

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