scholarly journals Fungal Enzyme l-Lysine α-Oxidase Affects the Amino Acid Metabolism in the Brain and Decreases the Polyamine Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Elena V. Lukasheva ◽  
Marina G. Makletsova ◽  
Alexander N. Lukashev ◽  
Gulalek Babayeva ◽  
Anna Yu. Arinbasarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Polyamine Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Oxidative Species

The fungal glycoprotein l-lysine α-oxidase (LO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of l-lysine (l-lys). LO may be internalized in the intestine and shows antitumor, antibacterial, and antiviral effects in vivo. The main mechanisms of its effects have been shown to be depletion of the essential amino acid l-lys and action of reactive oxidative species produced by the reaction. Here, we report that LO penetrates into the brain and is retained there for up to 48 h after intravenous injection, which might be explained by specific pharmacokinetics. LO actively intervenes in amino acid metabolism in the brain. The most significant impact of LO was towards amino acids, which are directly exposed to its action (l-lys, l-orn, l-arg). In addition, the enzyme significantly affected the redistribution of amino acids directly associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (l-asp and l-glu). We discovered that the depletion of l-orn, the precursor of polyamines (PA), led to a significant and long-term decrease in the concentration of polyamines, which are responsible for regulation of many processes including cell proliferation. Thus, LO may be used to reduce levels of l-lys and PA in the brain.

Renal serine production in vivo: effects of dietary manipulation of serine status

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1058-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Brosnan ◽  
Beatrice Hall
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference

Renal serine production in rats was quantitated by simultaneously measuring renal blood flow and the renal arteriovenous difference for this amino acid. The rate of synthesis was 0.24 ± 0.02 μmol∙min−1∙100 g−1 in rats fed a diet containing 12% casein. This rate was not altered by the inclusion of an additional 1% serine in the diet for 7 days or by acute infusion of serine, although both protocols increased blood serine by 50%. When rats were fed a diet in which protein was entirely replaced by crystalline amino acids the rate of renal serine production was also 0.25 ±0.05 μmol∙min−1∙100 g−1. Omission of serine or both serine and glycine from this diet did not alter the rate of renal serine synthesis. Renal serine production does not respond to the serine content of the diet.Key words: serine, glycine, kidney, amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Reciprocal changes in amino acid metabolism in mammary gland and liver of the lactating rat on starvation and refeeding as indicated by the tissue accumulation of α-amino[1-14C]isobutyrate

1990 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Tedstone ◽  
V Ilic ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Tissue Accumulation

Measurements of the tissue accumulation in vivo and in vitro by hepatocytes and mammary-gland acini of alpha-amino[1-14C]isobutyrate ([1-14C]AIB) were compared in virgin and lactating rats. The results indicate the existence of a reciprocal relationship between mammary gland and liver for AIB accumulation that is dependent on the lactational and the nutritional state of the rat. This suggests that amino acids are preferentially directed to the mammary gland during active lactation.

scholarly journals Amino acid metabolism in various fractions of rat-brain homogenates with special reference to the effect of ethanol

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hertta-Maija Häkkinen ◽  
E. Kulonen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Soluble Protein Fraction ◽  
Metabolic Difference ◽  
The Brain

1. The increase in brain γ-aminobutyrate, glutamate and aspartate and the decrease in brain glutamine that occur when ethanol is administered to rats in vivo could be reproduced by incubating brain homogenates from rats pretreated with ethanol. 2. For the demonstration of the effects of pretreatment with ethanol on the metabolism of γ-aminobutyrate and glutamine, the whole homogenate could be replaced by various supernatant preparations, and even by the soluble protein fraction, which was less active, however. The ‘postmitochondrial’ sediment could likewise mediate the effects of pretreatment with ethanol. 3. When the brain homogenates from control and ethanol-treated rats were allowed to ‘age’ at 2° for more than 7 days, the metabolic difference at incubation could no longer be demonstrated. The capacities of the homogenate from the control rats had changed to resemble those of ethanol-treated rats. 4. Data are given on the effects of the incubation time and of the concentration of homogenate.

scholarly journals Effect of Huangqin Tang on Urine Metabolic Profile in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dunfang Wang ◽  
Xuran Ma ◽  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms

As a classic prescription, Huangqin Tang (HQT) has been widely applied to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), although its pharmacological mechanisms are not clear. In this study, urine metabolomics was first analysed to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of HQT in UC rats induced by TNBS. We identified 28 potential biomarkers affected by HQT that might cause changes in urine metabolism in UC rats, mapped the network of metabolic pathways, and revealed how HQT affects metabolism of UC rats. The results showed that UC affects amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and impairs the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). UC induced inflammatory and gastrointestinal reactions by inhibiting the transport of fatty acids and disrupting amino acid metabolism. HQT plays key roles via regulating the level of biomarkers in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and so on, normalizing metabolic disorders. In addition, histopathology and other bioinformatics analysis further confirm that HQT altered UC rat physiology and pathology, ultimately affecting metabolic function of UC rats.

Biochemische Aspekte des Aminosäuren-Stoffwechsels bei Psoriasis vulgaris / Biochemical Aspects of Amino Acid Metabolism in Psoriasis vulgaris

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Peter ◽  
H. Angst ◽  
U. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pathological Process

Free and protein-bound amino acids in serum and scales were investigated. In serum the bound amino acids of psoriatics are significantly higher with exception of Pro, Met, Tyr and Phe in contrast to normal subjects. For free amino acids the differences between normal subjects and psoriatics found in serum and scales are not significant. Results are discussed in relation to the single amino acids and the biochemical correlations are outlined which takes the pathological process as a basis.

scholarly journals The Diverse Functions of Non-Essential Amino Acids in Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Hyun Choi ◽  
Jonathan L. Coloff
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Systems

Far beyond simply being 11 of the 20 amino acids needed for protein synthesis, non-essential amino acids play numerous important roles in tumor metabolism. These diverse functions include providing precursors for the biosynthesis of macromolecules, controlling redox status and antioxidant systems, and serving as substrates for post-translational and epigenetic modifications. This functional diversity has sparked great interest in targeting non-essential amino acid metabolism for cancer therapy and has motivated the development of several therapies that are either already used in the clinic or are currently in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the important roles that each of the 11 non-essential amino acids play in cancer, how their metabolic pathways are linked, and how researchers are working to overcome the unique challenges of targeting non-essential amino acid metabolism for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Disruption of the TCA cycle reveals an ATF4-dependent integration of redox and amino acid metabolism

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Gerard Ryan ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Hiran A Prag ◽  
Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco ◽  
Efterpi Nikitopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Fumarate Hydratase ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
The Tca Cycle

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) cycle is arguably the most critical metabolic cycle in physiology and exists as an essential interface coordinating cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis. Despite decades of research, a comprehensive investigation into the consequences of TCA cycle dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we targeted two TCA cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and combined metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses to fully appraise the consequences of TCA cycle inhibition (TCAi) in murine kidney epithelial cells. Our comparative approach shows that TCAi elicits a convergent rewiring of redox and amino acid metabolism dependent on the activation of ATF4 and the integrated stress response (ISR). Furthermore, we also uncover a divergent metabolic response, whereby acute FHi, but not SDHi, can maintain asparagine levels via reductive carboxylation and maintenance of cytosolic aspartate synthesis. Our work highlights an important interplay between the TCA cycle, redox biology and amino acid homeostasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document