scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulfate in USA Dietary Supplements in Comparison to Pharma Grade Products: Analytical Fingerprint and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Osteoartritic Chondrocytes and Synoviocytes

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Antonietta Stellavato ◽  
Odile Francesca Restaino ◽  
Valentina Vassallo ◽  
Elisabetta Cassese ◽  
Rosario Finamore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Keratan Sulfate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Hyaluronate Synthase ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The biological activity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GlcN) food supplements (FS), sold in USA against osteoarthritis, might depend on the effective CS and GlcN contents and on the CS structural characteristics. In this paper three USA FS were compared to two pharmaceutical products (Ph). Analyses performed by HPAE-PAD, by HPCE and by SEC-TDA revealed that the CS and GlcN titers were up to −68.8% lower than the contents declared on the labels and that CS of mixed animal origin and variable molecular weights was present together with undesired keratan sulfate. Simulated gastric and intestinal digestions were performed in vitro to evaluate the real CS amount that may reach the gut as biopolymer. Chondrocytes and synoviocytes primary cells derived from human pathological joints were used to assess: cell viability, modulation of the NF-κB, quantification of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP-2), hyaluronate synthase enzyme (HAS-1), pentraxin (PTX-3) and the secreted IL-6 and IL-8 to assess inflammation. Of the three FS tested only one (US FS1) enhanced chondrocytes viability, while all of them supported synoviocytes growth. Although US FS1 proved to be less effective than Ph as it reduced NF-kB, it could not down-regulate COMP-2; HAS-1 was up-regulated but with a lower efficacy. Inflammatory cytokines were markedly reduced by Ph while a slight decrease was only found for US-FS1.

Study on the relationships between molecular weights of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides and Aβ-induced oxidative stress and the related mechanisms

Glycobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Jie Meng ◽  
Wenjie Jiang ◽  
Wenjia Xu ◽  
Chunhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Bv2 Cells ◽  
Shark Cartilage

Abstract In the present study, we studied anti-Alzheimer′s disease (AD) activities of chondroitin sulfate (CS) oligosaccharides with different molecular weights. CS from shark cartilage was degraded by a recombinant CS endolyase, chondroitinase ABC I (CHSase ABC I), and CS disaccharide (DP2), tetrasaccharide (DP4), hexasaccharide (DP6), octasaccharide (DP8), decasaccharide (DP10) and dodecasaccharide (DP12) were obtained by separation with gel filtration. Anti-AD activities of CS oligosaccharides were assessed using Aβ-injured SH-SY5Y cells and BV2 cells. It was shown that CS oligosaccharides could block Aβ-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway for SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, these activities increased with the increase of molecular weights. For Aβ-injured BV2 cells, CS oligosaccharides inhibited oxidative stress, the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of toll-like receptor pathway, and CS DP2 had the best activity among them. In conclusion, CS oligosaccharides suppressed Aβ-induced oxidative stress and relevant injury in vitro, and these effects had different relationships with the molecular weights of CS oligosaccharides for different cell lines, which might be caused by different mechanisms.

Modulation of Erythrocyte Adhesion by Changes in Cellular Tonicity and Volume.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1577-1577
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Wandersee ◽  
Rowena C. Punzalan ◽  
Nyama M. Sillah ◽  
Michael P. Rettig ◽  
Michael D. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Rbc Membrane ◽  
Subendothelial Matrix ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate A

Abstract The sickle red blood cell (SS-RBC) membrane manifests many abnormal properties, including oxidative damage of membrane proteins and lipids, disruption of the lipid bilayer, abnormal clustering of surface proteins, dehydration, and increased adhesive properties. Conditions that alter the RBC membrane may modify or abnormally expose its native components and contribute to the adhesive properties of the RBC. We have previously reported that sickle RBCs have enhanced adhesion to the plasma and subendothelial matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP) under conditions of flow in vitro. Since a significant proportion of sickle RBCs are inherently dehydrated, in part due to intracellular K+ loss via the Gardos and K-Cl co-transport channels, we test the hypothesis that dehydration-induced alterations in membrane organization or composition contribute to sickle cell adhesion in sickle cell disease (SCD). To examine the role of RBC hydration in adhesion to the subendothelial matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP), normal and sickle RBCs were incubated in buffers of varying tonicity and tested for adhesion to immobilized TSP under flow conditions. Expanding on our previous preliminary results, we found that sickle RBCs exhibited a decrease in TSP binding with increasing cell hydration (p<0.005), suggesting that cellular dehydration may contribute to its adhesive phenotype. Consistent with this hypothesis, normal RBCs showed an increase in TSP adhesion with increasing dehydration (p<0.01). Furthermore, TSP adhesion of both sickle RBCs and dehydrated normal RBCs was inhibited by the anionic polysaccharides chondroitin sulfate A and high molecular weight dextran sulfate, but not by the anionic polysaccharide chondroitin sulfate C. TSP adhesion of sickle and dehydrated normal RBCs in our in vitro system was also not inhibited by competitors of CD47-, band 3-, or RBC phosphatidylserine-meditaed adhesion. Increased TSP adhesion of normal RBCs could also be induced by isotonic dehydration using nystatin-sucrose buffers; this adhesion was also inhibited by chondroitin sulfate A and high molecular weight dextran sulfate but not by chondroitin sulfate C. More importantly, we found increased adhesion of nystatin-sucrose dehydrated normal mouse RBCs, as compared to untreated normal murine RBCs, to kidney capillaries following reinfusion in vivo. In summary, these findings demonstrate that changes in hydration can significantly impact adhesion, and suggest that changes in volume are more important than changes in intracellular tonicity in the adhesion of RBCs to TSP. There are striking similarities in the adhesive properties of sickle and dehydrated normal RBCs, supporting the theory that adhesion of sickle RBCs arises as the result of exposure or modification of normal erythroid membrane components. Characterization of the membrane epitope(s) responsible for adhesion of dehydrated normal erythrocytes to TSP may thus provide a parallel avenue to identify reagents that can inhibit RBC adhesion and resultant vasoocclusion in SCD.

scholarly journals A multi-analytical approach to better assess the keratan sulfate contamination in animal origin chondroitin sulfate

2017 ◽  
Vol 958 ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Francesca Restaino ◽  
Rosario Finamore ◽  
Paola Diana ◽  
Mariacarmela Marseglia ◽  
Mario Vitiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Keratan Sulfate ◽  
Animal Origin

scholarly journals Examination of Chondroitin Sulfate Molecular Weights on In Vitro Anti‐inflammatory Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahari Surapaneni ◽  
Vivian Haley‐Zitlin ◽  
Ashby Bodine ◽  
Xiuping Jiang ◽  
James Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Design and evaluation of doxycycline/collagen/chondroitin sulfate delivery systems used for cartilage regeneration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Minodora Marin ◽  
Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya ◽  
Mihaela Violeta Ghica ◽  
Elena Danila ◽  
Gheorghe Coara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Repairing Effect

Cartilage damage is difficult to self-heal due to an avascular microenvironment and distinct mechanical properties. These features are a challenge in designing a cartilaginous tissue with repairing effect without producing any local infections. Thus, a biodegradable scaffold in which the drug can be incorporated is preferable. Drug delivery systems based on collagen sponges have progressively become remarkable biomaterials for different medical applications. The aim of this work was to design and characterize some collagen/chondroitin sulfate supports with doxycycline for cartilage tissue regeneration. The doxycycline should prevent the development of potential infections. Collagen, chondroitin sulfate and doxycycline gels were cross-linked with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde and then freeze-dried in order to obtain collagen matrices. The structural characteristics for the new synthesized biomaterials were firstly assessed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scaffolds morphology was then evaluated by optical microscopy and water uptake. The enzymatic biodegradation was also performed. Also, the sponges surface properties were quantified through contact angle. The in vitro doxycycline kinetics release was performed with a dissolution equipment and the release mechanism was investigated. The obtained results recommend these new scaffolds based on doxycycline/collagen/chondroitin sulfate as a promising approach for the treatment of cartilage problems.

Use of light microscopy in the qualitative and quantitative study of liquid crystalline order

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Order ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Convenient Technique ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Materials ◽  
Transparent Windows

Light microscopy is a convenient technique for characterizing molecular order in fluid liquid crystalline materials. Microstructures can usually be observed under the actual conditions that promote the formation of liquid crystalline phases, whether or not a solvent is required, and at temperatures that can range from the boiling point of nitrogen to 600°C. It is relatively easy to produce specimens that are sufficiently thin and flat, simply by confining a droplet between glass cover slides. Specimens do not need to be conducting, and they do not have to be maintained in a vacuum. Drybox or other controlled environmental conditions can be maintained in a sealed chamber equipped with transparent windows; some heating/ freezing stages can be used for this purpose. It is relatively easy to construct a modified stage so that the generation and relaxation of global molecular order can be observed while specimens are being sheared, simulating flow conditions that exist during processing. Also, light only rarely affects the chemical composition or molecular weight distribution of the sample. Because little or no processing is required after collecting the sample, one can be confident that biologically derived materials will reveal many of their in vivo structural characteristics, even though microscopy is performed in vitro.

Soluble Thrombomodulin Purified from Human Urine Exhibits a Potent Anticoagulant Effect In Vitro and In Vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Takahashi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hosaka ◽  
Hiromi Niina ◽  
Katsuaki Nagasawa ◽  
Masaaki Naotsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Soluble Thrombomodulin ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryWe examined the anticoagulant activity of two major molecules of soluble thrombomodulin purified from human urine. The apparent molecular weights of these urinary thrombomodulins (UTMs) were 72,000 and 79,000, respectively. Both UTMs showed more potent cofactor activity for protein C activation [specific activity >5,000 thrombomodulin units (TMU)/mg] than human placental thrombomodulin (2,180 TMU/mg) and rabbit lung thrombomodulin (1,980 TMU/mg). The UTMs prolonged thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting time (>1 TMU/ml), APTT (>5 TMU/ml), TT (>5 TMU/ml) and PT (>40 TMU/ml) in a dose-dependent fashion. These effects appeared in the concentration range of soluble thrombomodulins present in human plasma and urine. In the rat DIC model induced by thromboplastin, administration of UTMs by infusion (300-3,000 TMU/kg) restored the hematological abnormalities derived from DIC in a dose-dependent fashion. These results demonstrate that UTMs exhibit potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities, and could play a physiologically important role in microcirculation.

Toxicity of Heparinoids, with Special Reference to the Precipitation of Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 232-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sasaki ◽  
T Takemoto ◽  
S Oka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Close Relationship

SummaryTo demonstrate whether the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen is responsible for the toxicity of heparinoid, the relation between the toxicity of heparinoid in vivo and the precipitation of fibrinogen in vitro was investigated, using dextran sulfate of various molecular weights and various heparinoids.1. There are close relationships between the molecular weight of dextran sulfate, its toxicity, and the quantity of fibrinogen precipitated.2. The close relationship between the toxicity and the precipitation of fibrinogen found for dextran sulfate holds good for other heparinoids regardless of their molecular structures.3. Histological findings suggest strongly that the pathological changes produced with dextran sulfate are caused primarily by the intravascular precipitates with occlusion of the capillaries.From these facts, it is concluded that the precipitates of fibrinogen with heparinoid may be the cause or at least the major cause of the toxicity of heparinoid.4. The most suitable molecular weight of dextran sulfate for clinical use was found to be 5,300 ~ 6,700, from the maximum value of the product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity). This product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity) can be employed generally to assess the comparative merits of various heparinoids.5. Clinical use of the dextran sulfate prepared on this basis gave satisfactory results. No severe reaction was observed. However, two delayed reactions, alopecia and thrombocytopenia, were observed. These two reactions seem to come from the cause other than intravascular precipitation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document