scholarly journals Potential of Cyanine Derived Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Natalia Lange ◽  
Wojciech Szlasa ◽  
Jolanta Saczko ◽  
Agnieszka Chwiłkowska
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Cyanine Dyes ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Squaraine Dyes ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Diagnostic Agent

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of cancer treatment that leads to the disintegration of cancer cells and has developed significantly in recent years. The clinically used photosensitizers are primarily porphyrin, which absorbs light in the red spectrum and their absorbance maxima are relatively short. This review presents group of compounds and their derivatives that are considered to be potential photosensitizers in PDT. Cyanine dyes are compounds that typically absorb light in the visible to near-infrared-I (NIR-I) spectrum range (750–900 nm). This meta-analysis comprises the current studies on cyanine dye derivatives, such as indocyanine green (so far used solely as a diagnostic agent), heptamethine and pentamethine dyes, squaraine dyes, merocyanines and phthalocyanines. The wide array of the cyanine derivatives arises from their structural modifications (e.g., halogenation, incorporation of metal atoms or organic structures, or synthesis of lactosomes, emulsions or conjugation). All the following modifications aim to increase solubility in aqueous media, enhance phototoxicity, and decrease photobleaching. In addition, the changes introduce new features like pH-sensitivity. The cyanine dyes involved in photodynamic reactions could be incorporated into sets of PDT agents.

scholarly journals Red and Near-Infrared Absorbing Dicyanomethylene Squaraine Cyanine Dyes: Photophysicochemical Properties and Anti-Tumor Photosensitizing Effects

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Tiago D. Martins ◽  
Eurico Lima ◽  
Renato E. Boto ◽  
Diana Ferreira ◽  
José R. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cyanine Dyes ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Squaraine Dyes ◽  
Photodynamic Activity ◽  
Photochemical Properties ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Species Production

Photodynamic therapy is a medical modality developed for the treatment of several diseases of oncological and non-oncological etiology that requires the presence of a photosensitizer, light and molecular oxygen, which combined will trigger physicochemical reactions responsible for reactive oxygen species production. Given the scarcity of photosensitizers that exhibit desirable characteristics for its potential application in this therapeutic strategy, the main aims of this work were the study of the photophysical and photochemical properties and the photobiological activity of several dicyanomethylene squaraine cyanine dyes. Thus, herein, the study of their aggregation character, photobleaching and singlet oxygen production ability, and the further application of the previously synthesized dyes in Caco-2 and HepG2 cancer cell lines, to evaluate their phototherapeutic effects, are described. Dicyanomethylene squaraine dyes exhibited moderate light-stability and, despite the low singlet oxygen quantum yields, were a core of dyes that exhibited relevant in vitro photodynamic activity, as there was an evident increase in the toxicity of some of the tested dyes exclusive to radiation treatments.

Double stimuli-responsive polysaccharide block copolymers as green macrosurfactants for near-infrared photodynamic therapy

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1423-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Breitenbach ◽  
Elena Steiert ◽  
Matthias Konhäuser ◽  
Lea-Marie Vogt ◽  
Yujen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Water Dispersible

The NIR absorbing photosensitizer phthalocyanine zinc (PC(Zn)) was stabilized in aqueous media as water-dispersible nanoparticles with a reduction- and pH-responsive full polysaccharide block copolymer.

scholarly journals Iodinated cyanine dyes: a new class of sensitisers for use in NIR activated photodynamic therapy (PDT)

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2009-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Atchison ◽  
Sukanta Kamila ◽  
Heather Nesbitt ◽  
Kieran A. Logan ◽  
Dean M Nicholas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cyanine Dyes ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
New Class

Iodinated cyanine dye 6a has been developed for use as a NIR excited photosensitiser in photodynamic therapy.

scholarly journals Principles for Self-Assembly of Cyanine Dyes into 2-Dimensional Excitonic Aggregates Across the Visible and Near-Infrared

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arundhati Deshmukh ◽  
Austin Bailey ◽  
Leandra Forte ◽  
Xingyu Shen ◽  
Niklas Geue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Cyanine Dyes ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
J Aggregates

<div>Cyanine dyes show a remarkable tendency to form non-covalent supramolecular aggregates with diverse morphologies (dimers, sheets, tubes and bundles). Specific molecular arrangements within these H- or J-aggregates dictate the extraordinary photophysical properties, including long-range exciton delocalization, extreme redshifts, and excitonic superradiance. Despite extensive literature on cyanine dye aggregates, design principles that drive the solution self-assembly to a preferred H- or J-aggregated state are unknown. We present a general approach to tune the thermodynamics of self-assembly, selectively stabilizing H- or J-aggregates and thereby achieving supramolecular control over aggregate photophysics. A simple interplay of solvent to non-solvent ratio, ionic strength or dye concentration yields a broad range of conditions that predictably and preferentially stabilize the monomer, H- or J-aggregate species that can be easily monitored using absorption spectroscopy. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy, cryo-electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy together reveal a dynamic equilibrium between monomers, H-aggregated dimers, and extended J-aggregated 2-dimensional monolayers. This structural information informs a three-component equilibrium model that describes the observed concentration dependence of spectral signatures, showing excellent fit with experimental data and yields the Gibb’s free energies of self-assembly for dimerization and 2D aggregate assembly. We further demonstrate the universality of this approach among several sheet forming cyanine dyes including the benzothiazole and benzimidazole families with absorptions spanning visible, near and shortwave infrared wavelengths.</div>

scholarly journals Effects of Light Dosimetry in Photobleaching of The Photosensitizer (PS) and Cyanine Dye (CD) Moieties in Ps-Cd Conjudates and Its Correlation with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Efficacy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine James ◽  
Ravindra R. Cheruku ◽  
Joseph R. Missert ◽  
Ulas Sunar ◽  
Ravindra K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
Fluence Rate ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Dosimetry ◽  
Light Fluence

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is dependent on three primary components: photosensitizer (PS), light, and oxygen. Because these components are interdependent and vary during the dynamic process of PDT, assessing PDT efficacy may not be trivial. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop pre-treatment planning, on-line monitoring and dosimetry strategies during PDT, which become more critical for two or more chromophore systems, e.g. PS-CD conjugates developed in our laboratory for fluorescence-imaging and PDT of cancer. In this study, we observed a significant impact of variable light dosimetry; (i) high light fluence and fluence rate (light dose: 135 J/cm2, fluence rate: 75 mW/cm2) and (ii) low light fluence and fluence rate (128 J/cm2 and 14 mW/cm2 and 128 J/cm2 and 7 mW/cm2) in photobleaching of the individual chromophores and their long-term tumor response. The fluorescence at the near-infrared (NIR) region of the PS-NIR fluorophore conjugate was assessed intermittently via fluorescence imaging. The loss of fluorescence, photobleaching, caused by singlet oxygen from the PS was mapped continuously during PDT. The tumor responses (BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors) were assessed after PDT by measuring tumor sizes daily. Our results showed distinctive photobleaching kinetics rates between the PS and CD. Interestingly, compared to higher light fluence, the tumors exposed at low light fluence showed reduced photobleaching and enhanced long-term PDT efficacy. The presence of NIR fluorophore in PS-CD conjugates provides an opportunity of fluorescence imaging and monitoring the photobleaching rate of the CD moiety for large and deeply seated tumors and assessing PDT tumor response in real-time.

IR-808 Loaded Nanoethosomes for Aggregation-Enhanced Synergistic Transdermal Photodynamic/Photothermal Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixi Yu ◽  
Xinxian Meng ◽  
Shunuo Zhang ◽  
Xiaodian Wang ◽  
Yunsheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Hypertrophic Scar ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Therapeutic Outcome ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
Hypertrophic Scars ◽  
Photothermal Treatment ◽  
Novel Strategy

Synergistic transdermal photodynamic therapy (PDT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a novel strategy for improving hypertrophic scar (HS) therapeutic outcome. Herein, a near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dye, named IR-808, has been...

scholarly journals Principles for Self-Assembly of Cyanine Dyes into 2-Dimensional Excitonic Aggregates Across the Visible and Near-Infrared

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arundhati Deshmukh ◽  
Austin Bailey ◽  
Leandra Forte ◽  
Xingyu Shen ◽  
Niklas Geue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Cyanine Dyes ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
J Aggregates

<div>Cyanine dyes show a remarkable tendency to form non-covalent supramolecular aggregates with diverse morphologies (dimers, sheets, tubes and bundles). Specific molecular arrangements within these H- or J-aggregates dictate the extraordinary photophysical properties, including long-range exciton delocalization, extreme redshifts, and excitonic superradiance. Despite extensive literature on cyanine dye aggregates, design principles that drive the solution self-assembly to a preferred H- or J-aggregated state are unknown. We present a general approach to tune the thermodynamics of self-assembly, selectively stabilizing H- or J-aggregates and thereby achieving supramolecular control over aggregate photophysics. A simple interplay of solvent to non-solvent ratio, ionic strength or dye concentration yields a broad range of conditions that predictably and preferentially stabilize the monomer, H- or J-aggregate species that can be easily monitored using absorption spectroscopy. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy, cryo-electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy together reveal a dynamic equilibrium between monomers, H-aggregated dimers, and extended J-aggregated 2-dimensional monolayers. This structural information informs a three-component equilibrium model that describes the observed concentration dependence of spectral signatures, showing excellent fit with experimental data and yields the Gibb’s free energies of self-assembly for dimerization and 2D aggregate assembly. We further demonstrate the universality of this approach among several sheet forming cyanine dyes including the benzothiazole and benzimidazole families with absorptions spanning visible, near and shortwave infrared wavelengths.</div>

Construction of a near-infrared responsive upconversion nanoplatform against hypoxic tumors via NO-enhanced photodynamic therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 7875-7887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lan ◽  
Xiaohui Zhu ◽  
Ming Tang ◽  
Yihan Wu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles

A near-infrared (NIR) activated theranostic nanoplatform based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is developed in order to overcome the hypoxia-associated resistance in photodynamic therapy by photo-release of NO upon NIR illumination.

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