scholarly journals Immune Responses Following Locoregional Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Possible Roles of Adjuvant Immunotherapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Han ◽  
Seung-Kew Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Locoregional Treatment ◽  
Adjuvant Immunotherapy ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Cell Responses

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Unlike other types of cancer, HCC can be treated with locoregional treatments (LRTs) such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, recurrences following LRTs are common, and strategies to improve long-term outcomes need to be developed. The exhaustion of anti-tumor immunity in HCC has been well established in many reports and the immunomodulatory effects of LRTs (enhancement of tumor antigen-specific T cell responses after RFA, reduction of effector regulatory T cells after TACE) have also been reported in several previous studies. However, a comprehensive review of previous studies and the possible roles of immunotherapy following LRTs in HCC are not known. In this review, we discuss the immunological evidence of current clinical trials using LRTs and combined immunotherapies, and the possible role of this strategy.

scholarly journals Synergistic Impact of Alpha-Fetoprotein and Tumor Burden on Long-Term Outcomes Following Curative-Intent Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Diamantis I. Tsilimigras ◽  
J. Madison Hyer ◽  
Adrian Diaz ◽  
Fabio Bagante ◽  
Francesca Ratti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Predictors Of Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The prognostic role of tumor burden score (TBS) relative to pre-operative α -fetoprotein (AFP) levels among patients undergoing curative-intent resection of HCC has not been examined. Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection of HCC between 2000 and 2017 were identified from a multi-institutional database. The impact of TBS on overall survival (OS) and cumulative recurrence relative to serum AFP levels was assessed. Results: Among 898 patients, 233 (25.9%) patients had low TBS, 572 (63.7%) had medium TBS and 93 (10.4%) had high TBS. Both TBS (5-year OS; low TBS: 76.9%, medium TBS: 60.9%, high TBS: 39.1%) and AFP (>400 ng/mL vs. <400 ng/mL: 48.5% vs. 66.1%) were strong predictors of outcomes (both p < 0.001). Lower TBS was associated with better OS among patients with both low (5-year OS, low–medium TBS: 68.0% vs. high TBS: 47.7%, p < 0.001) and high AFP levels (5-year OS, low–medium TBS: 53.7% vs. high TBS: not reached, p < 0.001). Patients with low–medium TBS/high AFP had worse OS compared with individuals with low–medium TBS/low AFP (5-year OS, 53.7% vs. 68.0%, p = 0.003). Similarly, patients with high TBS/high AFP had worse outcomes compared with patients with high TBS/low AFP (5-year OS, not reached vs. 47.7%, p = 0.015). Patients with high TBS/low AFP and low TBS/high AFP had comparable outcomes (5-year OS, 47.7% vs. 53.7%, p = 0.24). The positive predictive value of certain TBS groups relative to the risk of early recurrence and 5-year mortality after HCC resection increased with higher AFP levels. Conclusion: Both TBS and serum AFP were important predictors of prognosis among patients with resectable HCC. Serum AFP and TBS had a synergistic impact on prognosis following HCC resection with higher serum AFP predicting worse outcomes among patients with HCC of a certain TBS class.

scholarly journals COVID-19 related mortality in post-operative cardiac surgical patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Amina Khalil ◽  
Priyanka Kolvekar ◽  
Prity Gupta ◽  
Shyamsunder Kolvekar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Elective Cardiac Surgery ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cardiac Operations ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic of unprecedented proportions. Elective cardiac surgery has been universally postponed with only urgent and emergency cardiac operations being performed. The National Health Service in the United Kingdom introduced national measures to conserve intensive care beds and significantly limit elective activity shortly after lockdown. Case presentation We report two cases of early post-operative mortality secondary to COVID-19 infection immediately prior to the implementation of these widespread measures. Conclusion The role of cardiac surgery in the presence of COVID-19 is still very unpredictable and further studies on both short term and long term outcomes are warranted.

scholarly journals Long-term Outcomes after Laparoscopic Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

HPB ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S146
Author(s):  
D. Kilburn ◽  
D. Cavallucci ◽  
U. Leung ◽  
M. Siriwardhane ◽  
R. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Laparoscopic Hepatectomy ◽  
Long Term Outcomes

scholarly journals Is the use of intra-operative blood salvage autotransfusion in hepatocellular carcinoma liver transplantation safe? A comparative analysis of long-term outcomes

HPB ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S366
Author(s):  
Kah Wai Lai ◽  
Jarrod Tan ◽  
Glenn Bonney ◽  
Iyer Shridhar ◽  
Krishnakumar Madhavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Blood Salvage

scholarly journals The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Greaves ◽  
John G. Gribben
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Inducible Costimulator ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
B7 Family

AbstractThe B7 family consists of structurally related, cell-surface proteins that regulate immune responses by delivering costimulatory or coinhibitory signals through their ligands. Eight family members have been identified to date including CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), CD274 (programmed cell death-1 ligand [PD-L1]), CD273 (programmed cell death-2 ligand [PD-L2]), CD275 (inducible costimulator ligand [ICOS-L]), CD276 (B7-H3), B7-H4, and B7-H6. B7 ligands are expressed on both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. The importance of the B7 family in regulating immune responses is clear from their demonstrated role in the development of immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Manipulation of the signals delivered by B7 ligands shows great potential in the treatment of cancers including leukemias and lymphomas and in regulating allogeneic T-cell responses after stem cell transplantation.

Long-term outcomes after hepatectomy for recurrences after prior local ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sakata ◽  
Y. Shirai ◽  
T. Wakai ◽  
K. Kaneko ◽  
K. Hatakeyama
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Local Ablation

FIB-4 Index is a Predictor of Background Liver Fibrosis and Long-Term Outcomes After Curative Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (S4) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiyasu Okamura ◽  
Ryo Ashida ◽  
Yusuke Yamamoto ◽  
Takaaki Ito ◽  
Teiichi Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Curative Resection ◽  
Long Term Outcomes
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