scholarly journals Morphological Features of Plants on Ash Settling Ponds. Case Study

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Renata Gamrat ◽  
Sławomir Stankowski ◽  
Anna Jaroszewska
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Settling Pond ◽  
Lower Water Level ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Settling Ponds

Owing to variable water conditions, chemical conditions of water or ash substrate, ash settling ponds belong to anthropogenic objects which do not easily undergo plant succession. However, there are plants exhibiting biological traits allowing colonisation of a substrate characterised by variability in terms of acidity and heavy metal content. The aim of the study was to determine differences in morphology of plants colonising spontaneous surfaces of ash settling ponds with variability moisture level. We identified also differences in morphology of the plants. Identified: Agrostis stolonifera, Atriplex patula, Juncus bufonius, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis and Ranunculus sceleratus. The obtained results broaden the knowledge on the bioremediation of degraded areas, indicate species that inhabit the surface of ash settlers. Lower water level in ash settling pond I created more favourable conditions for growth of the aboveground parts of plants, and higher waterlevel in ash settling pond II contributed to a more intensive development of the root part of plants. Considering the generative factors and measurement values of the aboveground part of plants, the best adapted species were Juncus bufonius and Atriplex patula. Due to changing water level in ash settling ponds, the species to be monitored is Phragmites australis—most deeply colonising the surface of ash settling ponds.

Macroinvertebrate communities on various microhabitats of a saline coal mine settling pond

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sowa ◽  
Mariola Krodkiewska ◽  
Dariusz Halabowski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Ruppia Maritima ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Gammarus Tigrinus ◽  
Settling Pond ◽  
Settling Ponds

Abstract To date, no studies have been conducted on macroinvertebrate communities in coal mine settling ponds used for temporary retention of saline mine waters. The objective of the research was to evaluate which habitat – Ruppia maritima, Phragmites australis or sediments without macrophytes – is the most favorable for the abundance and biomass of macroinvertebrate communities. The study was carried out in a hyposaline settling pond located in a mining and urban area in southern Poland. At this time, it is the only inland locality of R. maritima in Poland. In the studied coal mine settling pond, the non-native, euryhaline amphipod Gammarus tigrinus dominated in the communities on all the habitats. The abundance of other taxa was small and similar on each type of substrate; only Corixidae were much more abundant on the widgeongrass beds. The highest abundance and biomass of macroinvertebrates was recorded at the sites with R. maritima. Our study highlights the importance of coal mine settling ponds as a substitute habitat for salt-tolerant invertebrates.

Estimating the ratio of pond size to irrigated soybean land in Mississippi: a case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1639-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ouyang ◽  
Gary Feng ◽  
John J. Read ◽  
Theodor D. Leininger ◽  
Johnie N. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Crop Land ◽  
Experimental Learning ◽  
Storage Pond ◽  
Pond Size ◽  
Stella Model ◽  
On Farm

Although more on-farm storage ponds have been constructed in recent years to mitigate groundwater resources depletion in Mississippi, little effort has been devoted to estimating the ratio of on-farm water storage pond size to irrigated crop land based on pond metrics and its hydrogeological conditions. In this study, two simulation scenarios were chosen to determine such a ratio as well as to investigate pond hydrological processes using a Structural Thinking, Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation (STELLA) model, one scenario with and the other without using pond water for irrigation for a typical pond that represented the average conditions in East Mississippi. Simulation results showed that pond water level changed moderately for conditions without using its water for irrigation, whereas pond water level changed dramatically for conditions with using its water for irrigation. A reasonable ratio of pond size to irrigated soybeans land was 1:18 if the irrigation rate was 2.54 cm/d (or 1 inch/d) and the low limit of the pond water level was drawn to near zero (0.08 m). For the ratio of 1:18, our simulations further revealed that a 1-ha soybeans land could save about 542 m3 groundwater each year. This study suggests that the STELLA model is a useful tool for estimating the ratio of pond size to irrigated crop land.

The Effect of Faults on the Behaviour of the Earth Dam – Case Study of the Ourkiss Dam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassiba Beghzim ◽  
Toufik Karech ◽  
Tayeb Bouzid
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Finite Difference Method ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Base Displacement ◽  
Vertical Base

Abstract The analysis of the failure due to the effect of the propagation of normal and reversed faults with different angles of inclination and by sliding through the Ourkiss dam isstudied numerically. Mainly at the end of construction and at the highest water level, for this purpose the non-linear finite difference method is used considering four fault angles of inclination, activated at the center of the base of the embankment.The results of the study show that the shear stress values increase with the increase of the vertical base displacement imposed in both conditions of the dam state, and this for both normal and overturned faults.

scholarly journals The influence of long- and short-term volcanic strain on aquifer pressure: a case study from Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat (W.I.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 1288-1303
Author(s):  
K Strehlow ◽  
J Gottsmann ◽  
A Rust ◽  
S Hautmann ◽  
B Hemmings
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soufriere Hills Volcano ◽  
Soufrière Hills Volcano ◽  
Water Level Changes ◽  
Soufriere Hills

Summary Aquifers are poroelastic bodies that respond to strain by changes in pore pressure. Crustal deformation due to volcanic processes induces pore pressure variations that are mirrored in well water levels. Here, we investigate water level changes in the Belham valley on Montserrat over the course of 2 yr (2004–2006). Using finite element analysis, we simulate crustal deformation due to different volcanic strain sources and the dynamic poroelastic aquifer response. While some additional hydrological drivers cannot be excluded, we suggest that a poroelastic strain response of the aquifer system in the Belham valley is a possible explanation for the observed water level changes. According to our simulations, the shallow Belham aquifer responds to a steadily increasing sediment load due to repeated lahar sedimentation in the valley with rising aquifer pressures. A wholesale dome collapse in May 2006 on the other hand induced dilatational strain and thereby a short-term water level drop in a deeper-seated aquifer, which caused groundwater leakage from the Belham aquifer and thereby induced a delayed water level fall in the wells. The system thus responded to both gradual and rapid transient strain associated with the eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano (Montserrat). This case study gives field evidence for theoretical predictions on volcanic drivers behind hydrological transients, demonstrating the potential of hydrological data for volcano monitoring. Interrogation of such data can provide valuable constraints on stress evolution in volcanic systems and therefore complement other monitoring systems. The presented models and inferred results are conceptually applicable to volcanic areas worldwide.

scholarly journals Roots, Tissues, Cells and Fragments—How to Characterize Peat from Drained and Rewetted Fens

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierk Michaelis ◽  
Almut Mrotzek ◽  
John Couwenberg
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Novel Ecosystems ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
Type C

We present analyses of macroscopic and microscopic remains as a tool to characterise sedge fen peats. We use it to describe peat composition and stages of peat decomposition, to assess the success of rewetting of a formerly drained fen, and to understand the workings of these novel ecosystems. We studied two percolation fen sites, one drained and one drained and rewetted 20 years ago. Years of deep drainage have resulted in a layer of strongly decomposed peat which lacks recognizable macro-remains. We could associate micro-remains with macro-remains, and thus still characterise the peat and the plants that once formed it. We show that the strongly decomposed peat is of the same origin as the slightly decomposed peat below, and that is was ploughed. We present descriptions of eight types of the main constituent of sedge peat: plant roots, including Carex rostrata type, C. lasiocarpa/rostrata type, C. limosa type, C. acutiformis type, C. echinata type, Phragmites australis type, Cladium type, Equisetum type. We describe three new non-pollen palynomorph types (microscopic remains) and five new subtypes. The rewetted fen provides insights into plant succession after rewetting and the formation of peat that predominantly consists of roots. Results indicate that leaf sheaths may be a consistent component of the peat.

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