scholarly journals Gentianella lutescens subsp. carpatica J. Holub.: Shoot Propagation In Vitro and Effect of Sucrose and Elicitors on Xanthones Production

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Dijana Krstić-Milošević ◽  
Nevena Banjac ◽  
Teodora Janković ◽  
Dragan Vinterhalter ◽  
Branka Vinterhalter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Shoot Propagation

In vitro shoot culture of the endangered medicinal plant Gentianella lutescens was established from epicotyl explants cultured on MS basal medium with 0.2 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and evaluated for xanthones content for the first time. Five shoot lines were obtained and no significant variations in multiplication rate, shoot elongation, and xanthones profile were found among them. The highest rooting rate (33.3%) was achieved by shoots treated for 2 days with 5 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) followed by cultivation in liquid PGR-free ½ MS medium for 60 days. HPLC analysis revealed the lower content of xanthones—mangiferin, bellidifolin, demethylbellidifolin, demethylbellidifolin-8-O-glucoside and bellidifolin-8-O-glucoside—in in vitro cultured shoots compared to wild growing plants. The increasing concentration of sucrose, sorbitol and abiotic elicitors salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) altered shoot growth and xanthone production. Sucrose and sorbitol applied at the highest concentration of 233.6 mM increased dry matter percentage, while SA at 100 μM promoted shoot growth 2-fold. The increased sucrose concentration enhanced accumulation of xanthones in shoot cultures 2–3-fold compared to the control shoots. Elicitors at 100–300 μM increased the accumulation of mangiferin, demethylbellidifolin-8-O-glucoside, and bellidifolin-8-O-glucoside almost equally, while MeJA at the highest concentration of 500 μM enhanced amount of aglycones demethylbellidifolin and bellidifolin 7-fold compared to the control. The obtained results facilitate conservation of G. lutescens and pave the way for further research on large-scale shoot propagation and production of pharmacologically active xanthones.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of Rosa ‘Konstancin’ (R. rugosa × R. beggeriana), a plant with high nutritional and pro-health value

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtania ◽  
Bożena Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Health Value

Abstract The aim of the study was to develop an efficient micropropagation system for Rosa ‘Konstancin’, an interspecific hybrid between R. rugosa and R. beggeriana, whose fruits have high pro-health value. Shoot cultures were initiated from shoot buds collected in May and August from 15-year-old field-grown Rosa ‘Konstancin’ shrubs. The effect and interaction of different concentrations of phytohormones, sucrose and iron sources on in vitro initiation, multiplication and rooting of shoots were studied. The time of collecting explants from donor plants significantly affected the initiation of shoot culture of Rosa ‘Konstancin’. Considerably higher frequency of bud break (100%) was obtained in explants isolated in August as compared to those collected at the end of May (30%). All buds developed into single shoots after 2-4 weeks of growing on the basal Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2.2 µM BAP, 0.3 µM GA3 and 88 mM of sucrose. The highest multiplication rate (4.8 shoots/explant) in a 5-week period was obtained on MS medium containing 50% of nitrogen salts, 3.1 µM BAP, 0.9 µM GA3 and 58 mM sucrose. High rooting frequency (100%) and quality of rooted plantlets was obtained on a medium containing 0.5 µM IBA, 138 µM Fe-EDDHA and 88 mM sucrose. Fe-EDDHA had a beneficial effect on the growth and photosynthetic activity of Rosa ‘Konstancin’ plantlets, which were successfully acclimatized ex vitro, with a more than 90% survival rate.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Cyclopia genistoides, an Endemic South African Plant of Economic Importance

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kokotkiewicz ◽  
Maria Luczkiewicz ◽  
Anna Hering ◽  
Renata Ochocka ◽  
Krzysztof Gorynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures

An efficient micropropagation protocol of Cyclopia genistoides (L.) Vent., an indigenous South African shrub of economic importance, was established. In vitro shoot cultures were obtained from shoot tip fragments of sterile seedlings cultured on solid Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 9.84 μM 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP) and 1.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Maximum shoot multiplication rate [(8.2 ± 1.3) microshoots/explant)] was observed on this medium composition. Prior to rooting, the multiplied shoots were elongated for 60 days (two 30-days passages) on SH medium with one-half sucrose concentration, supplemented with 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The rooting of explants was only possible in the case of the elongated shoots. The highest root induction rate (54.8%) was achieved on solid SH medium with one-half sucrose and one-half potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate concentration, respectively, supplemented with 28.54 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 260.25 μM citric acid. The plantlets were acclimatized for 30 days in the glasshouse, with the use of peat/gravel/perlite substrate (1:1:1). The highest acclimatization rate (80%) was obtained for explants rooted with the use of IAA-supplemented medium. The phytochemical profile of the regenerated plants was similar to that of the reference intact plant material. HPLC analyses showed that C. genistoides plantlets obtained by the micropropagation procedure kept the ability to produce xanthones (mangiferin and isomangiferin) and the fl avanone hesperidin, characteristic of wild-growing shrubs.

scholarly journals IMPROVED MULTIPLICATION OF MATURE HAZELNUT (CORYLUS AVELLANA L.) IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 693b-693
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Yu ◽  
Barbara M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Prolonged Culture ◽  
Corylus Avellana L

Multiplication and elongation of shoot cultures established from mature trees of hazelnut cvs. Nonpareil and Tonda Gentile Romana were affected by changes in basal medium, carbon source and concentration, cytokinin and agar concentration. Explants on DKW medium produced significantly more shoots than those on Anderson medium or modified woody plant medium for chestnut. Explants on DKW medium with 3% glucose or fructose gave more and longer shoots than those with the other carbon sources. Cytokinins 6 benzylaminopurine (BA) and zeatin were more effective in producing shoots than kinetin and 2iP. On BA supplemented medium, the best multiplication rate was obtained with 1.5 - 2.0 mg/l. Explants grown on 0.4% agar produced more shoots than those on 0.6%, however, prolonged culture on 0.4% agar caused vitrification of lower parts of the plants. Shoot multiplication rates of these two cultivars were similar, but `Nonpareil' produced longer shoots than `Tonda Gentile Romana'.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Huckleberry (Vaccinium pahalae) and Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Shoot Culture Performance on Different Support Systems

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 911A-911
Author(s):  
Linda J. Walker ◽  
R.B. Rogers ◽  
M.A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
In Vitro Cell Cultures ◽  
Solution Cultures

In vitro cell cultures of huckleberry and bilberry are sources of phytochemicals for use as food colorants and bioactive chemopreventives. Shoot cultures provide a convenient, presterile source of explants for production of callus rich in extractable pigments or other chemicals. Efficient callus formation only occurs with good-quality shoots. In this study, liquid and gelled support systems were compared in terms of their effect on shoot growth. Gellan gum-based support resulted in excellent shoot proliferation and suitable shoot length for huckleberry cultures, whereas bilberry performed slightly better on agar and agar/gellan gum support. Bilberry had a more-rapid growth rate than huckleberry. Hyperhydricity was found with the use of rafts for both species. These shoot cultures have been used as vegetative explants for callus, and have produced vivid anthocyanins in solution cultures.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Homalomena pineodora Sulaiman & Boyce (Araceae): a new species from Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Stanly ◽  
Arvind Bhatt ◽  
Baharuddin Sulaiman ◽  
Chan Lai Keng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Plantlet Production ◽  
Mother Plants

Homalomena pineodora (family Araceae) is a species found to have impressive foliage characteristics which remain evergreen throughout the year. Therefore, H. pineodora can be grown as an ornamental plant. Generally H. pineodora needs 3-5 years to propagate and multiply. However, the demand for new ornamental plants is increasing worldwide and the quality of planting material is a basic need for boosting productivity. Therefore an efficient micropropagation protocol for large-scale production of H. pineodora was developed. In vitro shoot cultures were initiated from the rhizomatous buds on MS basal medium. The best conditions for propagating H. pineodora was found to be MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.5 mg L-1 BA (6-benzyladenine) under 24 h of cool fluorescent light which produced an average of 3.8 shoot per explant. Presence of an auxin was not necessary for plantlet production. Liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 BA, enhanced the shoot production of H. pineodora as compared to agar-gelled medium with same composition. All the in vitro plantlets of H. pineodora were successfully acclimatized with 100% survival rate. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the similarity of leaf microstructures between the in vitro and mother plants of H. pineodora.

scholarly journals A Scale-up System for Lowbush Blueberry Micropropagation Using a Bioreactor

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1962-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir C. Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine ◽  
Bioreactor System

In an attempt to improve the micropropagation protocol for lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.), a protocol using a bioreactor system combined with a semisolid gelled medium has been developed. Cultures of cultivar Fundy and two wild clones (‘NB1’ and ‘QB1’) were established in vitro on a gelled modified cranberry basal medium (BM) containing 5 μM zeatin or 10 μM N6-[2-isopentenyl]adenine. Multiple shoots were obtained within 8 weeks by transferring zeatin-induced shoots from the gelled BM to a bioreactor containing liquid BM with 1 to 4 μM zeatin. Genotypes differed significantly with respect to multiplication rate in liquid and gelled BM containing 1 μM zeatin with ‘NB1’ producing 8.5 ± 1.1 and 2.9 ± 0.3 shoots per explant in liquid and gelled media, respectively, after one subculture followed by ‘QB1’ (7.1 ± 0.6 and 2.6 ± 0.4 shoots per explant, respectively) and ‘Fundy’ (5.8 ± 0.4 and 2.0 ± 0.2 shoots per explant, respectively). With subculture, there was an increase of shoot multiplication rate for all genotypes. Bioreactor- and gelled medium-proliferated shoots were treated with 39.4 mm indole-3-butyric acid powder, rooted in a 2 peat:1 perlite (v/v) medium, plantlets acclimatized, and eventually established in the greenhouse with 64% to 74% rooting of microshoots and 90% to 99% survival of rooted shoots. Results obtained suggested the possibility of large-scale multiplication of lowbush blueberry shoots in bioreactors.

scholarly journals In vitro Conservation and Cryopreservation of Nandina domestica, an Outdoor Ornamental Shrub

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin OZUDOGRU ◽  
Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa Da SILVA ◽  
Ergun KAYA ◽  
Giuliano DRADI ◽  
Renato PAIVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
In Vitro Conservation ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Droplet Vitrification

The study focused on an economically-important ornamental outdoor shrub, Nandina domestica, with the aims to (i) optimize an effective in vitro conservation method, and (ii) develop a cryopreservation protocol for shoot tips by the PVS2 vitrification and droplet-vitrification techniques. For in vitro conservation of shoot cultures, the tested parameters were sucrose content in the storage medium (30, 45, 60 g/L) and storage temperature (4 °C or 8 °C). Cryopreservation was performed by applying the PVS2 vitrification solution, in 2-ml cryovials or in drops over aluminum foil strips, for 15, 30, 60 or 90 min at 0 °C, followed by the direct immersion in liquid nitrogen of shoot tips. Results show that N. domestica shoots can be conserved successfully for 6 months at both the temperatures tested, especially when 60 g/L sucrose is used in the storage medium. However, conservation at 4 °C showed to be more appropriate, as hyperhydricity was observed in post-conservation of shoots coming from storage at 8 °C. As for cryopreservation, a daily gradual increase of sucrose concentration (from 0.25 to 1.0 M) produced better protection to the samples that were stored in liquid nitrogen. Indeed, with this sucrose treatment method, a 30-min PVS2 incubation time was enough to produce, 60 days after thawing, the best recovery (47% and 50%) of shoot tips, cryopreserved with PVS2 vitrification and droplet-vitrification, respectively.

scholarly journals In Vitro Micropropagation of the Medicinal Plant Physalis angulata L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
Owk ANIEL KUMAR ◽  
Songa RAMESH ◽  
Sape SUBBA TATA
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Physalis Angulata

Physalis angulata L. is an important medicinal herb. An efficient direct adventitious plant regeneration protocol was developed for large scale propagation using leaf disc as explants. The explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.25-3.0 mg/L 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) for primary shoot proliferation. Inclusion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) in the culture medium along with BAP promoted a higher rate of shoot multiplication. The maximum number of shoots was produced in MS + BAP (1.0 mg/L) + IAA (0.5 mg/L) + GA3 (0.20 mg/L) after the third subculture. An average of 152.8 ± 0.40 shoots were produced from each leaf disc. For root induction the shootlets were transferred to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest percentage of root induction was observed in 1.0 mg/L (IBA). Rooted plants were successfully established in the soil after hardening. The survival percentage of rooted plants on soil was found to be 85%. This result will facilitate the conservation and propagation of the important medicinal herb Physalis angulata L.

scholarly journals Transgenic root cultures of Gentiana punctata L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Vinterhalter ◽  
Vladimir Orbović ◽  
Dragan Vinterhalter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Transformed Roots ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Transgenic Root ◽  
Short Internodes

Shoot cultures of <em>Gentiana punctata</em> L. were inoculated with suspension of <em>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</em> strain A4 M70GUS. Hairy roots which appeared 2-3 weeks later were cultured on hormone-free, liquid, WPM (Lloyd and McCown 1980) basal medium for more than 5 years (60 subcultures). Growth rate of transformed roots was higher than the growth rate of nontransformed roots. Spontaneous shoot regeneration occured only in three culture vessels in subcultures No. 40 and 42. Plants had phenotype characteristics typical for <em>A. rhizogenes</em> transformed plants including: wrincled leaves, short internodes, plagiotropic roots and in general their growth rate was reduced. These plants also manifested precocious formation of flower buds without vernalization and flowering under in vitro conditions. Flowers were pale yellow, the same as in the standard phenotype.

In vitro and whole-plant magnitude and cross-resistance characterization of two imidazolinone-resistant sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) somatic cell selections

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry R. Wright ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide carryover in soil can severely affect sugarbeets grown in the year(s) following application. Two newly developed imidazolinone-resistant (IMI-R) sugarbeet somatic cell selections (Sir-13 and 93R30B) were examined for magnitude of resistance and extent of cross-resistance to other classes of ALS inhibitors and compared to a previously developed sulfonylurea-resistant (SU-R) selection, Sur. In vitro shoot culture tests indicated Sir-13 resistance was specific to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides at approximately a 100-fold resistance compared to the sensitive control sugarbeet. Sur was 10,000-fold resistant to the sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide, chlorsulfuron, and 40-fold resistant to the triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide (TP) herbicide, flumetsulam, but not cross-resistant to the IMI herbicides. 93R30B was selected for IMI-R from a plant homozygous for the SU-R allele,Sur, and displayed similar in vitro SU-R and TP-R as Sur, but also displayed a very high resistance to various IMI herbicides (400- to 3,600-fold). Compared to the sensitive control, Sir-13 was 300- and > 250-fold more resistant to imazethapyr and imazamox residues in soil, respectively. Response by whole plants to postemergence herbicide applications was similar to that observed in shoot cultures. Sir-13 exhibited > 100-fold resistance to imazethapyr as well as imazamox, and 93R30B showed > 250-fold resistance to both herbicides. 93R30B showed great enough resistance to imazamox to merit consideration of imazamox for use as a herbicide in these sugarbeets. Sir-13 showed a two- to threefold higher level of resistance in the homozygous vs. heterozygous state, indicating that like most ALS-inhibitor resistance traits, it was semidominantly inherited.

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