EFFECT OF ADDITIONAL LEAF EXTRACT OF CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata L) ON FEED ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the effectiveness of the addition of ciplukan leaf extract (Physalis angulata L.) on feed to the growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research method uses a Complete RandomIzed Design (RAL). This study consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replays, so 12 experimental units were used. Dose treatment on P0 (feed without the addition of ciplukan leaf extract), P1 (Feed added ciplukan leaf extract with a dose of 4%), P2 (Feed added ciplukan leaf extract with a dose of 8%), and P3 (Feed added ciplukan leaf extract with a dose of 12%). This dosage treatment is based on Effendi &Hardi research (2014) with dose treatment of 4%, 8%, and 12% per 1kg of feed. the addition of ciplukan leaf extract with a concentration of 8% in feed provides absolute weight growth of (37.39±20.33), survival rate of (83.33±0.9 8), daily growth rate (1.25±0.60), and feed utilization efficiency of (4.67±0.58) and tend to be higher than other treatments.

PELATIHAN DAN PENYULUHAN MANFAAT CIPLUKAN BAGI KESEHATAN DAN BUDIDAYANYA DI KECAMATAN SUMBERWRINGIN DAN KECAMATAN MAESAN KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO

Ciplukan is a wild plant with the Latin name Physalis angulata L which grows a lot in rice fields and community gardens. Ciplukan plants that grow wild everywhere, at first glance it seems that there is no price, even though besides being rich in benefits, the price of ciplukan fruit is quite fantastic Rp. 100.000,-/kg. Bondowoso has 23 sub-districts, including Maesan and Sumberwringin sub-districts. Currently, there are many youth communities emerging in the two sub-districts, including the MPK 8320 and FPS communities. The activities of the two communities include hydroponic training, plant nurseries, economic development, etc. For this reason, the Community Service Team of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga designed an activity to combine the existing problems in community groups, namely the lack of knowledge or information about the benefits to health, economic value, and cultivation of ciplukan plants. The existence of this problem causes community members not to have the courage to cultivate ciplukan plants, the low level of income from community members makes it difficult to find sources of funds to cultivate ciplukan plants. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge and skills about the health benefits and cultivation of ciplukan which will have an impact on improving the economy. The solutions offered are 1. Providing counseling and promoting ciplukan as a toga plant and its health benefits. 2. As an initial stage, distributing ciplukan plants to the community around the community 3. Providing counseling about ciplukan cultivation. This activity received a very good response from the community around the community in particular and the Bondowoso community in general, even community members have hopes and aspirations for ciplukan fruit to become the "Icon" of Bondowoso city.Keywords : tanaman ciplukan, komunitas FPS, komunitas MPK 8320AbstrakCiplukan merupakan tanaman liar yang bernama latin Physalis angulata L yang banyak tumbuh diarea persawahan dan kebun warga. Tanaman ciplukan yang tumbuh liar, sepintas terlihat tidak ada harganya, padahal selain kaya manfaat kini harga buah ciplukan cukup fantastis Rp.100.000,-/kg. Bondowoso mempunyai 23 kecamatan, diantaranya adalah kecamatan Maesan dan Sumberwringin. Saat ini banyak sekali bermunculan komunitas anak muda yang berada di dua kecamatan tersebut, diantaranya adalah komunitas MPK 8320 dan FPS. Kegiatan dari kedua komunitas tersebut antara lain pelatihan hidroponik, pembibitan tanaman, pengembangan perekonomian dll. Untuk itu Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga merancang kegiatan menggabungkan adanya permasalahan yang ada pada kelompok komunitas yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan atau informasi tentang manfaat terhadap kesehatan, nilai ekonomis dan budidaya tanaman ciplukan. Adanya permasalahan ini yang menyebabkan anggota komunitas tidak punya keberanian untuk membudidayakan tanaman ciplukan, rendahnya tingkat penghasilan dari anggota komunitas sehingga kesulitan mencari sumber dana untuk membudidayakan tanaman ciplukan. Tujuan kegiatan ini meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan tentang manfaat kesehatan dan budidaya ciplukan yang akan berdampak pada peningkatan ekonomi. Solusi yang ditawarkan yaitu 1.Memberikan penyuluhan dan mempromosikan ciplukan sebagai tanaman toga dan manfaatnya terhadap kesehatan.2.Sebagai tahap awal membagikan tanaman ciplukan kepada masyarakat di sekitar komunitas 3.Memberikan penyuluhan tentang budidaya ciplukan. Kegiatan ini mendapat respons yang sangat baik dari masyarakat di sekitar komunitas khususnya dan masyarakat Bondowoso pada umumnya, bahkan anggota komunitas mempunyai harapan dan cita-cita agar buah ciplukan menjadi ICON kota Bondowoso.Kata kunci : ciplukan, komunitas FPS, komunitas MPK 8320

Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24-Methylene-Cholesterol Production

24-Methylene-cholesterol is a necessary substrate for the biosynthesis of physalin and withanolide, which show promising anticancer activities. It is difficult and costly to prepare 24-methylene-cholesterol via total chemical synthesis. In this study, we engineered the biosynthesis of 24-methylene-cholesterol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by disrupting the two enzymes (i.e., ERG4 and ERG5) in the yeast’s native ergosterol pathway, with ERG5 being replaced with the DHCR7 (7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) enzyme. Three versions of DHCR7 originating from different organisms—including the DHCR7 from Physalis angulata (PhDHCR7) newly discovered in this study, as well as the previously reported OsDHCR7 from Oryza sativa and XlDHCR7 from Xenopus laevis—were assessed for their ability to produce 24-methylene-cholesterol. XlDHCR7 showed the best performance, producing 178 mg/L of 24-methylene-cholesterol via flask-shake cultivation. The yield could be increased up to 225 mg/L, when one additional copy of the XlDHCR7 expression cassette was integrated into the yeast genome. The 24-methylene-cholesterol-producing strain obtained in this study could serve as a platform for characterizing the downstream enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of physalin or withanolide, given that 24-methylene-cholesterol is a common precursor of these chemicals.

The Stem Infusate and Ethanol Extract of Physalis angulata Inhibitory Activities against a-Glucosidase and Xanthine Oxidase

Background: Infusate of the whole plant of Physalis angulata is used traditionally for the remedy of various diseases including diabetes and gout. This study focused on the stem of P. angulata. The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential of the stem infusate (INPA) and ethanol extract (EEPA) of P. angulata as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase.Materials and Methods: INPA and EEPA were determined for their α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities in vitro, whereas antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. Reference inhibitors were used for comparison. The total phenolic compounds were also estimated.Results: EEPA had more concentrated phenolic than INPA which were 7.96 and 0.08 mgGAE/g dried biomass, respectively. INPA and EEPA inhibited α-glucosidase considerably, with IC50 of 149.11 and 409.86 µg/mL, respectively (acarbose was 130.66 µg/mL). However, they inhibited xanthine oxidase weakly, with IC50 of 0.546 and 2.643 mg/mL, respectively, compared with allopurinol 0.005 mg/mL. EEPA scavenged DPPH radicals very weakly (16.04 mg/mL) compared to BHT (0.021 mg/mL), whereas no activity was observed for INPA.Conclusion: The stem infusate and ethanol extract of P. angulata are able to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase, thus can be further explored for sources of bioactive compounds with α-glucosidase inhibition activity.Keywords: α-glucosidase, infusate, ethanol extract, Physalis angulata, stem, xanthine oxidase

KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN dan TOKSISITAS ACAIBERRY (Euterpe oleracea), CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata) dan KURMA AJWA (Phoenix dactylifera)

Plants are a biodiversity that is always around us. Acaiberry (Euterpe oleracea) is a from South America’s plant, called a superfruit and is believed to smoothen the digestive tract, lose weight, prevent cardiovascular disease, have anti-inflammatory, antidepressant properties and can prevent the risk of cancer. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) is a plant of tropical and subtropical areas. The stems, leaves, and roots of Ciplukan in Indonesia are used as antidiabetic drugs and the root ingredients are used for postpartum, muscle pain and hepatitis. Ciplukan can improve digestion, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, orchitis, ulcers, cancer, tumors, leukemia and diabetes. Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are a fruit with the most complete nutritional content, contain lots of energy (glucose, fructose), a little protein and fat, and contain vitamins and minerals. The content of tannins and magnesium in dates are anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective. Objective: to determine the antioxidant capacity and toxicity of the three plants. This research needs to be developed considering the many benefits of these plants for life. Methodology: tests on methanol extracts of the three plants included phytochemical tests, antioxidant capacity using DPPH and toxicity using the BSLT method. Results and Conclussion: phytochemical tests carried out on 13 secondary metabolites showed positive results in the three plants, except that coumarins was not found in ciplukan. Acaiberry fruit has a very strong antioxidant capacity (IC50=17.36 µg/mL), ciplukan fruit with moderate strength (IC50=149.46 µg/mL) and dates with a very strong antioxidant capacity (IC50=26.14 µg/mL). These three plants have toxic toxicity with values of LC50=238.48 µg/mL (Acaiberry), LC50=208.82 mg/mL (Ciplukan) and LC50=126.610 µg/mL (Dates) Keywords: Acaiberry; ciplukan; ajwa dates; phytochemicals; antioxidant; BSLT AbstrakTumbuhan merupakan keanekaragaman hayati yang selalu ada di sekitar kita. Acaiberry (Euterpe oleracea) merupakan tumbuhan yang berasal dari Amerika Selatan, disebut superfruit dan diyakini dapat memperlancar saluran pencernaan, menurunkan berat badan, mencegah penyakit kardiovaskular, bersifat anti-inflamasi, antidepresan dan bisa mencegah risiko terjadinya penyakit kanker. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) merupakan tumbuhan daerah tropis dan subtropis. Batang, daun, dan akar Ciplukan di Indonesia digunakan sebagai obat antidiabetes dan ramuan akar digunakan untuk postpartum, nyeri otot dan hepatitis. Ciplukan dapat memperbaiki pencernaan, antiinflamasi, desinfektan, asma, batuk rejan, bronkitis, orkitis, bisul, kanker, tumor, leukemia dan kencing manis. Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera) merupakan buah dengan kandungan gizi terlengkap, banyak mengandung energi (glukosa, fruktosa), sedikit protein, dan lemak, serta mengandung vitamin dan mineral. Kandungan tanin dan magnesium didalam kurma bersifat anti infeksi, anti inflamasi dan hepatoprotektif. Senyawa antioksidan dapat menghambat serta mencegah terjadinya kerusakan tubuh yang berakibat timbulnya penyakit degenerative. Oleh karena itu sumber-sumber antioksidan sangat diperlukan tubuh untuk mencegah kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh radikal bebas terhadap sel tubuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan kapasitas antioksidan dan toksisitas ketiga tumbuhan. Penelitian ini perlu dikembangkan mengingat banyaknya manfaat tumbuhan tersebut untuk kehidupan. Pengujian terhadap ekstrak metanol ketiga tumbuhan meliputi uji fitokimia, kapasitas antioksidan menggunakan DPPH dan toksisitas dengan metoda BSLT. Uji fitokimia yang dilakukan terhadap 13 senyawa metabolit sekunder menunjukkan hasil positif pada ketiga tumbuhan tersebut, kecuali kumarin tidak ditemukan pada Ciplukan. Buah Acaiberry memiliki kapasitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat (IC50=17,36 µg/mL), buah Ciplukan dengan kuat sedang (IC50=149,46 µg/mL) dan buah Kurma dengan kapasitas antioksidan sangat kuat (IC50=26,14 µg/mL). Ketiga tumbuhan ini memiliki toksisitas yang bersifat toksik dengan nilai LC50=238,48 µg/mL (Acaiberry), LC50=208,82 mg/mL (Ciplukan) dan LC50=126,610 g/mL (Kurma).

TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE PHYSALIS

A Physalis angulata L. se desenvolve como planta silvestre nas zonas tropicais da América, sendo o seu centro de origem indeterminado. Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes doses de giberelina na germinação de sementes Physalis. A pesquisa foi realizada no laboratório de Sementes e propagação de plantas do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES) - Campus Santa Teresa. Foram utilizadas 500 sementes de Physalis, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo cada tratamento composto por 50 sementes imersas durante 30 minutos em água 26oC (testemunha), água com gelo (0oC), água fervente (100oC), geladeira (10oC) por 24 horas e congelador (-10oC) por 6 horas, conduzido em rolo de papel germitest, umedecido com água destilada na proporção de 2,5 vezes o peso do papel, armazenado em câmara de germinação tipo BOD, com temperatura de 25º C e luz controlada 12x12 horas. Após início de germinação e durante 30 dias, foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação e o tempo médio de germinação ao longo do período de germinação. Os tratamentos térmicos com Gelo (0oC), geladeira (10oC) por 24 horas e congelador (-10oC) por 6 horas apresentaram os melhores resultados para germinação, sendo que no tempo médio de germinação, o tratamento Congelador (-10oC), apresentou-se superior aos demais tratamentos com menor tempo médio de germinação. O tratamento térmico atuou de forma positiva para germinação de sementes de Physalis, sendo que o tratamento em congelador (-10oC), apresentou no geral, os melhores resultados.,