Transgenic root cultures of Gentiana punctata L.

Shoot cultures of Gentiana punctata L. were inoculated with suspension of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 M70GUS. Hairy roots which appeared 2-3 weeks later were cultured on hormone-free, liquid, WPM (Lloyd and McCown 1980) basal medium for more than 5 years (60 subcultures). Growth rate of transformed roots was higher than the growth rate of nontransformed roots. Spontaneous shoot regeneration occured only in three culture vessels in subcultures No. 40 and 42. Plants had phenotype characteristics typical for A. rhizogenes transformed plants including: wrincled leaves, short internodes, plagiotropic roots and in general their growth rate was reduced. These plants also manifested precocious formation of flower buds without vernalization and flowering under in vitro conditions. Flowers were pale yellow, the same as in the standard phenotype.

Download Full-text

Fermentative Capacity of Three Strains of Lactobacillus Using Different Sources of Carbohydrates: In Vitro Evaluation of Synbiotic Effects, Resistance and Tolerance to Bile and Gastric Juices

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v2n1p158 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 158 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dolar Pak ◽

Arunachalam Muthaiyan ◽

Robert S. Story ◽

Corliss A. O'Bryan ◽

Sun-Ok Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽

Carbohydrate Source ◽

Fermentative Capacity ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Different Sources

A fermentation study of three probiotic Lactobacillus strains was conducted on individual carbohydrates including glucose (GLU) high methoxy pectin (HMP), sugar beet pectin (SBP), fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and inulin agave (IA) as the sole carbon sources. It was observed that Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB), Lactobacillus casei (LC) and Lactobacillus delbruckii (LD) achieved the highest growth rates when they were grown in the presence of GLU, FOS, and IA, but LB had a slower growth rate in these substrates compared to LC and LD. Only LC had a statistically significantly higher growth rate in GOS than in the basal medium which contained no carbohydrate source. Exposure to bile caused a significant reduction of log colony forming units/ml of all 3 strains, with LD grown in HMP exhibiting the highest survival followed by LC and LD grown in GLU, and LD grown on IA. Although HMP was not fermented by the test organisms, results indicate that HMP may in fact help certain probiotic bacteria to survive exposure to bile. Exposure to simulated gastric juices indicated that the studied Lactobacilli are tolerant to simulated gastric juice.

Download Full-text

Adventitious Shoot Regeneration from In Vitro Leaf Explants of the Peach Rootstock Hansen 536

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 755

Author(s):

Angela Ricci ◽

Luca Capriotti ◽

Bruno Mezzetti ◽

Oriano Navacchi ◽

Silvia Sabbadini

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Adventitious Shoots ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Adventitious Shoot ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Efficient System ◽

Regeneration Rate ◽

Factors Affecting

In the present study, an efficient system for the in vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from the peach rootstock Hansen 536 leaves has been established. Twenty regeneration media containing McCown Woody Plant Medium (WPM) as a basal salt supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were tested. Expanded leaves along with their petiole from 3-week-old elongated in vitro shoot cultures were used as starting explants. The highest regeneration rate (up to 53%) was obtained on WPM basal medium enriched with 15.5 μM N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The influences on leaf regeneration of the ethylene inhibitor silver thiosulphate (STS) and of different combinations of antibiotics added to the optimized regeneration medium were also investigated. The use of 10 μM STS or carbenicillin (238 μM) combined with cefotaxime (210 μM) significantly increased the average number of regenerating shoots per leaf compared to the control. In vitro shoots were finally elongated, rooted and successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse. The results achieved in this study advances the knowledge on factors affecting leaf organogenesis in Prunus spp., and the regeneration protocol described looks promising for the optimization of new genetic transformation procedures in Hansen 536 and other peach rootstocks and cultivars.

Download Full-text

Micropropagation of Juvenile Eucalyptus regnans (Mountain Ash)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9910179 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C Blomstedt ◽

J Cameron ◽

P Whiteman ◽

SF Chandler

Keyword(s):

Woody Plant ◽

Basal Medium ◽

High Light Intensity ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Eucalyptus Regnans ◽

Mountain Ash ◽

Napthaleneacetic Acid

Node-derived shoot cultures of Eucalyptus regnans were established from in vitro grown seedlings on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 (2 μm) zeatin and 0.05 mg L-1 (0.3 μm) napthaleneacetic acid. A double sterilisation method was essential to obtain clean material from seed. Microcuttings from established cultures were used to develop an efficient method for in vitro rooting. Rooting was best after a 7 day pulse on 20 mg L-1 (98 μm) indolebutyric acid. Hoagland's or Woody Plant Medium supported better rooting than MS basal medium and rooting was significantly enhanced by subculture to activated charcoal after the auxin pulse. Carbohydrate (sucrose or glucose) was essential for rooting while high light intensity was inhibitory. Optimal light conditions were a 12 h day (17 W m-2). In all, 90% of plantlets established in the nursery survived the winter.

Download Full-text

IMPROVED MULTIPLICATION OF MATURE HAZELNUT (CORYLUS AVELLANA L.) IN VITRO

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.693b ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 693b-693

Author(s):

Xiaoling Yu ◽

Barbara M. Reed

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sources ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Multiplication Rate ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Mature Trees ◽

Medium Carbon ◽

Prolonged Culture ◽

Corylus Avellana L

Multiplication and elongation of shoot cultures established from mature trees of hazelnut cvs. Nonpareil and Tonda Gentile Romana were affected by changes in basal medium, carbon source and concentration, cytokinin and agar concentration. Explants on DKW medium produced significantly more shoots than those on Anderson medium or modified woody plant medium for chestnut. Explants on DKW medium with 3% glucose or fructose gave more and longer shoots than those with the other carbon sources. Cytokinins 6 benzylaminopurine (BA) and zeatin were more effective in producing shoots than kinetin and 2iP. On BA supplemented medium, the best multiplication rate was obtained with 1.5 - 2.0 mg/l. Explants grown on 0.4% agar produced more shoots than those on 0.6%, however, prolonged culture on 0.4% agar caused vitrification of lower parts of the plants. Shoot multiplication rates of these two cultivars were similar, but `Nonpareil' produced longer shoots than `Tonda Gentile Romana'.

Download Full-text

Influence of Different Nitrogen Sources on Growth and Pathogenic Capability of Rhizoctonia solani Causing Root Rot of Faba Bean

International Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33687/phytopath.007.01.2393 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 19-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mostafa H. Mostafa ◽

Maha H. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Sodium Nitrate ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Disease Index ◽

Glucosamine Sulfate ◽

Infection Cushions

The effect of different nitrogen sources (glucosamine sulfate, ammonium sulfate, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and peptone) in comparison to sodium nitrate, the major nitrogen compound in basal agar Czapek’s synthetic medium growth were studied on the linear growth of Rhizoctonia solani and its pathogenicity on faba bean germinated seeds. Ammonium sulfate exhibited faster liner growth and showed the same effect as the basal medium with sodium nitrate while glucosamine sulfate showed less growth rate compared with sodium nitrate. Glucosamine sulfate and ammonium sulfate showed a significant reduction in number of infection cushions which led to significant decrease of disease index in vitro. Under greenhouse conditions, glucosamine sulfate or peptone as a sole nitrogen sources in food requirements of Rhizoctonia solani inoculum depressed the virulence of the fungus. The effect of different amounts of glucosamine sulfate was determined on fungal growth rate, infection cushions, disease index in vitro and polyphenol oxidase activity. Increasing amount of glucosamine sulfate showed significant reduction of growth rate in comparison to the basal medium with sodium nitrate. All seeds subjected to R. solani grown on different amount of glucosamine sulfate showed the lower number of infection cushions, disease index and polyphenol oxidase activity compared with sodium nitrate. Under greenhouse conditions, disease index showed a significantly decreased effect when glucosamine sulfate used as soil applications and showed better effect on shoot weight and root weight compared with control plants treated with sodium nitrate. Our study proposes that glucosamine sulfate may act as controlling factor of pathogenicity genes of R. solani

Download Full-text

Micropropagation of ‘Amethyst’ Purple Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L. x R. idaeus L. ‘Amethyst’)

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-24.1.35 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenhao Dai ◽

Victoria A. Magnusson ◽

Harlene Hatterman-Valenti ◽

Jack F. Carter

Keyword(s):

Basal Medium ◽

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Propagation Time ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Rubus Occidentalis ◽

Rooting Medium ◽

Cold Hardy ◽

Dark Green

Abstract A micropropagation method was developed for a cold hardy purple raspberry cultivar (Rubus occidentalis × R. idaeus ‘Amethyst’). In vitro shoot cultures were initiated from shoot tips of a 30-year old ‘Amethyst’ plant. The effects of basal medium, plant growth regulator, and temperature on shoot proliferation were investigated. Shoots were produced from explants in both Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Driver-Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) media supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA), solely or combined. One micro molar TDZ gave rise to the maximum proliferation rate. Interactions between BA and medium or TDZ were significant. Shoots produced on media with 1.0 μM TDZ had thick stems and small, dark green leaves whether BA was absent or present. Shoots can be rooted both in vitro and ex vitro with or without IBA at 0 to 1.0 μM. However, combination of rooting and shoot multiplication by adding a low level of TDZ to rooting medium produced multi-cane plants resulting in shortening propagation time, increasing survival rate, and lowering the production cost.

Download Full-text

Poinsettia ‘Prestige™ Red’ (Euphorbia pulcherrima) In Vitro Propagation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.7.1126 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 1126-1128

Author(s):

Dinum Perera ◽

Brian W. Trader

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽

In Vitro Proliferation ◽

Slow Growth Rate ◽

Half Strength ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Slow growth rate of plantlets, few micro-shoots per explant, and slow root growth rate are restrictions of in vitro propagation of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Koltz). The purpose of this research was to develop an efficient in vitro proliferation technique for poinsettia ‘Prestige™ Red’. Explants (apical buds and axillary buds) placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing only 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and combinations of BA and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) mostly produced red callus, which is productive and some white and gray–green calluses at the base of plantlets after 1 month, whereas explants in a medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs) produced no callus. Addition of IAA into the rooting medium increased rooting efficiency; plantlets grown in half-strength MS salts and vitamins with 28.5 μM IAA initiated rooting 11 days earlier than the plantlets grown with no PGRs. Optimization of PGR concentrations during poinsettia micropropagation helped resolve previous restrictions of in vitro poinsettia proliferation. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA); indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)

Download Full-text

Production of tumours and roots by Ephedra following Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b94-028 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 203-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Niamh A. O'Dowd ◽

David H. S. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Wild Type ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Slow Growing

This paper contains the first report that stems of the Gnetophyte Ephedra respond to infection by Agrobacterium rhizogenes by producing roots and tumours in vivo and in vitro. Of the bacterial strains employed, the wild-type Ar2629 gave the maximum response, and strain LBA9402 was also effective. In no case did heat-treated A. rhizogenes produce tumours or roots. Excised tumour tissues were cultured for more than 2 years in the absence of exogenous plant-growth regulators without any deterioration in growth rate. In vivo tumours of Ephedra fragilis and Ephedra minima contained up to 0.3% dry weight l-ephedrine, and slow-growing in vitro cultured tumours of E. fragilis contained up to 0.01% l-ephedrine, but alkaloid was not detected in faster growing isolates. Key words: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, alkaloid, Ephedra, l-ephedrine, Gnetophytes, gymnosperm, tumours.

Download Full-text

In vitro propagation of pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) through encapsulated shoot tips

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5832 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 555-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Malek

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Alginate Beads ◽

Multiple Shoot ◽

Shoot Tips ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Artificial Seed ◽

Pointed Gourd

Plants were regenerated from encapsulated shoot tips of pointed gourd. Shoot tips isolated from multiple shoot cultures of AM-8 and AM-15 cultivars of pointed gourd were encapsulated in sodium alginate beads. For germination and shoot proliferation, encapsulated shoot tips (artificial seed) were cultured in MS basal medium containing different concentrations and combinations of BAP and NAA. Use of MS medium resulted in 90% conversion of encapsulated shoot tips into plantlets. The results exhibited that BAP and combinations of BAP and NAA play an important role in germination of artificial seed being encapsulated by sodium alginate beads. The plantlets were successfully established in earthen pot. Under the present study, limited experimental efforts have been made to establish the protocol for encapsulating the shoot tips for the production of artificial seed and their subsequent regeneration. It is the first report in Bangladesh in developing artificial seed production technique using vegetative tissue of pointed gourd. Key Words: In vitro propagation; pointed gourd; shoot tips. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5832Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 555-563, December 2009

Download Full-text

Micropropagation of Homalomena pineodora Sulaiman & Boyce (Araceae): a new species from Malaysia

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362012000100007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christine Stanly ◽

Arvind Bhatt ◽

Baharuddin Sulaiman ◽

Chan Lai Keng

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Scale Production ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Plantlet Production ◽

Mother Plants

Homalomena pineodora (family Araceae) is a species found to have impressive foliage characteristics which remain evergreen throughout the year. Therefore, H. pineodora can be grown as an ornamental plant. Generally H. pineodora needs 3-5 years to propagate and multiply. However, the demand for new ornamental plants is increasing worldwide and the quality of planting material is a basic need for boosting productivity. Therefore an efficient micropropagation protocol for large-scale production of H. pineodora was developed. In vitro shoot cultures were initiated from the rhizomatous buds on MS basal medium. The best conditions for propagating H. pineodora was found to be MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.5 mg L-1 BA (6-benzyladenine) under 24 h of cool fluorescent light which produced an average of 3.8 shoot per explant. Presence of an auxin was not necessary for plantlet production. Liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 BA, enhanced the shoot production of H. pineodora as compared to agar-gelled medium with same composition. All the in vitro plantlets of H. pineodora were successfully acclimatized with 100% survival rate. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the similarity of leaf microstructures between the in vitro and mother plants of H. pineodora.

Download Full-text