scholarly journals Inoculation with Ericoid Mycorrhizal Associations Alleviates Drought Stress in Lowland and Upland Velvetleaf Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides) Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2786
Author(s):  
Deyu Mu ◽  
Ning Du ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Oidiodendron Maius ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides

Although velvetleaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides) is usually associated with sandy (upland) areas of the North American boreal forest, lowland populations can be also found in bogs, suggesting possible adaptations to different site conditions. In this study, we examined the role of ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi in conferring drought resistance to the upland and lowland velvetleaf blueberry seedlings. The seedlings were inoculated with four ERM fungi (Pezicula ericae, Pezoloma ericae, Meliniomyces variabilis, and Oidiodendron maius) isolated from the roots of ericaceous plants and grown under controlled environmental conditions in sterilized soil. The inoculated and non-inoculated (inoculation control) plants were subsequently subjected to three cycles of drought stress by withdrawing watering. Lowland plants appeared to benefit relatively more from mycorrhizal colonization, compared with the upland plants, in terms of plant growth and drought survival. After three weeks of treatments, the dry weights of non-inoculated well-watered upland plants were higher compared to the non-inoculated lowland plants. However, these differences were offset by the inoculation of plants with ERM fungi, some of which also significantly improved drought resistance characteristics of the upland and lowland plants. There were no major differences in the effects of different ERM fungal species on drought responses of upland and lowland plants. Of the examined ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, inoculation with Pezicula ericae was the most effective in conferring drought resistance characteristics to both upland and lowland seedlings and helped maintain higher shoot water potentials, net photosynthetic, and transpiration rates in plants subjected to drought stress.

The role of inoculum identity in drought stress mitigation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soybean

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betiana C. Grümberg ◽  
Carlos Urcelay ◽  
María A. Shroeder ◽  
Silvina Vargas-Gil ◽  
Celina M. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals SOD1-Targeted Gene Disruption in the Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus Oidiodendron maius Reduces Conidiation and the Capacity for Mycorrhization

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abbà ◽  
H. R. Khouja ◽  
E. Martino ◽  
D. B. Archer ◽  
S. Perotto
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Ros Scavenger ◽  
Oidiodendron Maius ◽  
Null Mutants ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungus

The genome sequences of mycorrhizal fungi will provide new opportunities for studying the biology and the evolution underlying this symbiotic lifestyle. The generation of null mutants at the wild-type loci is one of the best methods for gene-function assignment in the post-genomic era. To our knowledge, the generation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-null mutants in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius is the first example of a gene-targeted disruption via homologous recombination in a mycorrhizal fungus. The disruption of OmSOD1 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation resulted in the presence of oxidative stress markers, even in the absence of external superimposed stresses, and an increased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating substances, especially to menadione. A reduction in conidiation and in the percentage of mycorrhization of Vaccinium myrtillus roots was also observed. The latter findings establish the pivotal role of SOD1 as an important factor in the relationship between O. maius and its symbiotic partner. The lack of this ROS-scavenger may cause an imbalance in the redox homeostasis during host colonization and an alteration in the delicate dialogue between the fungus and its host plant.

Phylogenetic analysis of fungal aquaporins provides insight into their possible role in water transport of mycorrhizal associations

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Janice E.K. Cooke ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Insight Into

In mycorrhizal associations, water transport properties of the fungal hyphae may have a profound effect on water transport of the host plant. The importance of aquaporins, water-transporting members of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family, in facilitating water transport has been widely acknowledged and extensively studied in plants. However, until recently, relatively little was known about the structure, function, and regulation of fungal MIPs. The rapid increase in the number of sequenced fungal genomes, including Laccaria bicolor and other mycorrhizal fungi, has enabled functional and comparative genomic investigations to delineate the role that fungal MIPs play in mycorrhizal-facilitated plant water transport. Phylogenic analysis of 229 fungal MIPs from 88 species revealed that MIPs of mycorrhizal fungal species fall into four clusters delineated by functionally characterized fungal MIPs: the orthodox aquaporins, the aquaglyceroporins, the facultative fungal aquaporins, and the X intrinsic proteins. This comparative genomics analysis, together with in silico structural characterization of predicted MIPs and recently published functional characterization of MIPs from a small number of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal species, provide new insight into MIP gene families of mycorrhizal fungi and possible roles for fungal aquaporins in water relations of mycorrhizal plant–fungus symbioses.

Controlled nuclear import of the transcription factor NTL6 reveals a cytoplasmic role of SnRK2.8 in the drought-stress response

2012 ◽  
Vol 448 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Jung Kim ◽  
Mi-Jeong Park ◽  
Pil Joon Seo ◽  
Jin-Su Song ◽  
Hie-Joon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Nuclear Import ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Proteolytic Activation

Controlled proteolytic activation of membrane-anchored transcription factors provides an adaptation strategy that guarantees rapid transcriptional responses to abrupt environmental stresses in both animals and plants. NTL6 is a plant-specific NAC [NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2] transcription factor that is expressed as a dormant plasma membrane-associated form in Arabidopsis. Proteolytic processing of NTL6 is triggered by abiotic stresses and ABA (abscisic acid). In the present study, we show that NTL6 is linked directly with SnRK (Snf1-related protein kinase) 2.8-mediated signalling in inducing a drought-resistance response. SnRK2.8 phosphorylates NTL6 primarily at Thr142. NTL6 phosphorylation by SnRK2.8 is required for its nuclear import. Accordingly, a mutant NTL6 protein, in which Thr142 was mutated to an alanine, was poorly phosphorylated and failed to enter the nucleus. In accordance with the role of SnRK2.8 in drought-stress signalling, transgenic plants overproducing either NTL6 or its active form 6ΔC (35S:NTL6 and 35S:6ΔC) exhibited enhanced resistance to water-deficit conditions such as those overproducing SnRK2.8 (35S:SnRK2.8). In contrast, NTL6 RNAi (RNA interference) plants were susceptible to dehydration as observed in the SnRK2.8-deficient snrk2.8-1 mutant. Furthermore, the dehydration-resistant phenotype of 35S:NTL6 transgenic plants was compromised in 35S:NTL6 X snrk2.8-1 plants. These observations indicate that SnRK2.8-mediated protein phosphorylation, in addition to a proteolytic processing event, is important for NTL6 function in inducing a drought-resistance response.

Influence of temperature on the mycorrhizal associations of Pinus radiata D. Don

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Theodorou ◽  
GD Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth

The growth on Melin-Norkrans medium by 12 out of 13 isolates (five species) of mycorrhizal fungi declined rapidly between 20 and 16°C, as did colonization of the rhizosphere of Pinus radiata by four out of five isolates (three species). Mycorrhizal production in soil was optimal at 25° and declined markedly between 20 and 15°. Large differences occurred between strains within a fungal species in length of root colonized and in the intensity of growth on the root at 16°C. Extremely poor colonization by some fungi at 16° compared with 20° reveals a necessity to select fungi for field inoculation on the basis of root colonization at soil temperatures appropriate to the area and season as well as on ability to stimulate plant growth. The effect of tem- perature on the linear growth of different fungal isolates in a rich laboratory medium was a poor guide to their growth in the rhizosphere.

scholarly journals Breeding for enhanced drought resistance in barley and wheat – drought-associated traits, genetic resources and their potential utilization in breeding programmes

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kosová ◽  
P. Vítámvás ◽  
M.O. Urban ◽  
J. Kholová ◽  
I.T. Prášil
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Oxygenase Activity ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
State Of Research

Drought represents the most devastating abiotic stress factor worldwide. It severely limits plant growth and development as well as agricultural characteristics including the final yield. The aim of this review is to summarise recent results of the breeding of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum; T. durum) for improved resistance to drought stress. First, drought-associated terms and definitions are outlined and plant strategies to cope with drought are presented. A brief overview of plant physiological mechanisms involved in water uptake and release is provided. Photosynthesis-related parameters (CO<sub>2</sub> availability and associated features such as ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, <sup>13</sup>C discrimination activity, water use efficiency) are discussed due to the crucial role of plant leaf stomata in both photosynthesis and water management. The second part describes the present state of research on drought resistance-associated traits in barley and wheat. Different strategies of plant water management aimed at maximising the final yield under various types of drought stress are discussed. Possibilities of the detection, identification and characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in barley and wheat germplasm are discussed and the future approaches to breeding for enhanced drought resistance as a complex physiological and agronomical trait are outlined.

scholarly journals Specificity of assemblage, not fungal partner species, explains mycorrhizal partnerships of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongtao Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Ming Fai Liu ◽  
Vincent S. F. T. Merckx ◽  
Richard M. K. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Fungal Partner ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractMycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) growing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually maintain specialized mycorrhizal associations. The level of specificity varies between MHPs, although it remains largely unknown whether interactions with mycorrhizal fungi differ by plant lineage, species, and/or by population. Here, we investigate the mycorrhizal interactions among Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) with different trophic modes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. We characterized the inter- and intraspecific dynamics of the fungal communities by assessing the composition and diversity of fungi among sites. We found that fully mycoheterotrophic species are more specialized in their fungal associations than chlorophyllous species, and that this specialization possibly results from the gradual loss of some fungal groups. In particular, although many fungal species were shared by different Burmannia species, fully MHP species typically host species-specific fungal assemblages, suggesting that they have a preference for the selected fungi. Although no apparent cophylogenetic relationship was detected between fungi and plants, we observe that evolutionarily closely related plants tend to have a greater proportion of shared or closely related fungal partners. Our findings suggest a host preference and specialization toward fungal assemblages in Burmannia, improving understanding of interactions between MHPs and fungi.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Fungal Partners Remain Constant during a Root Lifecycle of Pleione bulbocodioides (Orchidaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Jiao Qin ◽  
Jing-Qiu Feng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Temporal Turnover

Mycorrhizal mutualisms are vital for orchids through germination to adulthood. Fungal species diversity and community composition vary across seasons and plant development stages and affect plant survival, adaptation, and community maintenance. Knowledge of the temporal turnover of mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) remains poorly understood in the eco-physiologically diverse orchids (especially in epiphytic orchids), although it is important to understand the function and adaptation of mycorrhizae. Some species of Pleione are epiphytic plants with annual roots and may recruit different fungal partners during their root lifecycle. Based on continuous samplings of Pleione bulbocodioides during a whole root lifecycle, we characterized the fungal temporal dynamics using Illumina sequencing of the ITS2 region. Our data showed that the plants of P. bulbocodioides were quickly colonized by OMF at root emergence and had a constant OMF composition throughout one root lifecycle, although the OMF richness declined with root aging after a peak occurrence during root elongation. In contrast, the richness of root-inhabiting fungal endophytes kept increasing with root aging and more drastic turnovers were found in their species compositions. Our findings of OMF temporal turnover contribute to further understanding of mycorrhizal associations and adaptation of Orchidaceae and will benefit orchid resource conservation and utilization.

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