Calmodulin Gene Expression in Response to Mechanical Wounding and Botrytis cinerea Infection in Tomato Fruit

The NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex has been shown to play a crucial role in stress response and in the virulence of various fungal pathogens. The underlying molecular mechanisms of NOX, however, remain largely unknown. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis compared changes in protein abundance in wild-type Botrytis cinerea and ΔbcnoxR mutants in which the regulatory subunit of NOX was deleted. The ΔbcnoxR mutants exhibited reduced growth, sporulation, and impaired virulence. A total of 60 proteins, representing 49 individual genes, were identified in ΔbcnoxR mutants that exhibited significant differences in abundance relative to wild-type. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the differences in transcript levels for 36 of the genes encoding the identified proteins were in agreement with the proteomic analysis, while the remainder exhibited reverse levels. Functional analysis of four proteins that decreased abundance in the ΔbcnoxR mutants indicated that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (BcPGD) played a role in the growth and sporulation of B. cinerea. The Δbcpgd mutants also displayed impaired virulence on various hosts, such as apple, strawberry, and tomato fruit. These results suggest that NOX can influence the expression of BcPGD, which has an impact on growth, sporulation, and virulence of B. cinerea.

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Ethylene Perception Is Associated with Methyl-Jasmonate-Mediated Immune Response against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Fruit

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (24) ◽

pp. 6725-6735 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wenqing Yu ◽

Mengmeng Yu ◽

Ruirui Zhao ◽

Jiping Sheng ◽

Yujing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Tomato Fruit

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SlMAPK3, a key mitogen-activated protein kinase, regulates the resistance of cherry tomato fruit to Botrytis cinerea induced by yeast cell wall and β-glucan

Postharvest Biology and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 111350

Author(s):

Jun Guo ◽

Keyu Sun ◽

Yujing Zhang ◽

Kongxin Hu ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Yeast Cell ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Yeast Cell Wall ◽

Cherry Tomato ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein

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Pathogen Genetic Control of Transcriptome Variation in the Arabidopsis thaliana – Botrytis cinerea Pathosystem

Genetics ◽

10.1534/genetics.120.303070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 215 (1) ◽

pp. 253-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicole E. Soltis ◽

Celine Caseys ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Jason A. Corwin ◽

Susanna Atwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Gene Expression Regulation ◽

Expression Regulation ◽

Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽

Control Of Gene Expression ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Pathogen Control ◽

Transcriptome Variation

In plant–pathogen relations, disease symptoms arise from the interaction of the host and pathogen genomes. Host–pathogen functional gene interactions are well described, whereas little is known about how the pathogen genetic variation modulates both organisms’ transcriptomes. To model and generate hypotheses on a generalist pathogen control of gene expression regulation, we used the Arabidopsis thaliana–Botrytis cinerea pathosystem and the genetic diversity of a collection of 96 B. cinerea isolates. We performed expression-based genome-wide association (eGWA) for each of 23,947 measurable transcripts in Arabidopsis (host), and 9267 measurable transcripts in B. cinerea (pathogen). Unlike other eGWA studies, we detected a relative absence of locally acting expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL), partly caused by structural variants and allelic heterogeneity hindering their identification. This study identified several distantly acting trans-eQTL linked to eQTL hotspots dispersed across Botrytis genome that altered only Botrytis transcripts, only Arabidopsis transcripts, or transcripts from both species. Gene membership in the trans-eQTL hotspots suggests links between gene expression regulation and both known and novel virulence mechanisms in this pathosystem. Genes annotated to these hotspots provide potential targets for blocking manipulation of the host response by this ubiquitous generalist necrotrophic pathogen.

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Characterization of Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Strawberry with Reduced Sensitivity to Polyoxin D Zinc Salt

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-16-0166-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (10) ◽

pp. 2057-2061 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Madeline E. Dowling ◽

Meng-Jun Hu ◽

Linus T. Schmitz ◽

Jennifer R. Wilson ◽

Guido Schnabel

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Carolina ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Resistance Management ◽

The United States ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Zinc Salt ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Action Committee

Polyoxin D is a Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) code 19 fungicide that was recently registered for gray mold control of strawberry in the United States. In this study, we determined the sensitivity to polyoxin D zinc salt (hereafter, polyoxin D) of Botrytis cinerea isolates from 41 commercial strawberry farms in South Carolina, North Carolina, Maryland, Virginia, and Ohio and investigated the fitness of sensitive (S) and reduced sensitive (RS) isolates. Relative mycelial growth ranged between 0 and over 100% on malt extract agar amended with a discriminatory dose of polyoxin D at 5 μg/ml. Isolates that grew more than 70% at that dose were designated RS and were found in three of the five states. The 50% effective dose (EC50) values of three S and three RS isolates ranged from 0.59 to 2.27 and 4.6 to 5.8 μg/ml, respectively. The three RS isolates grew faster on detached tomato fruit treated with Ph-D WDG at recommended label dosage than S isolates (P < 0.008). In all, 25 randomly selected RS isolates exhibited reduced sporulation ability (P < 0.0001) and growth rate (P < 0.0001) but increased production of sclerotia (P < 0.0386) compared with 25 S isolates. Of 10 isolates tested per phenotype, the number of RS isolates producing sporulating lesions on apple, tomato, and strawberry was significantly lower compared with S isolates (P < 0.0001 for each fruit type). The results of this study indicate that resistance management is necessary for fungicides containing polyoxin D. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating reduced sensitivity to FRAC 19 fungicides in B. cinerea isolates from the United States.

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