scholarly journals Are Reproductive Traits Related to Pollen Limitation in Plants? A Case Study from a Central European Meadow

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Michael Bartoš ◽  
Štěpán Janeček ◽  
Petra Janečková ◽  
Eliška Chmelová ◽  
Robert Tropek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of

The deficiency of pollen grains for ovule fertilization can be the main factor limiting plant reproduction and fitness. Because of the ongoing global changes, such as biodiversity loss and landscape fragmentation, a better knowledge of the prevalence and predictability of pollen limitation is challenging within current ecological research. In our study we used pollen supplementation to evaluate pollen limitation (at the level of seed number and weight) in 22 plant species growing in a wet semi-natural meadow. We investigated the correlation between the pollen limitation index (PL) and floral traits associated with plant reproduction or pollinator foraging behavior. We recorded significant pollen limitation for approximately 41% of species (9 out of 22 surveyed). Seven species had a significant positive response in seed production and two species increased in seed weight after pollen supplementation. Considering traits, PL significantly decreased with the number of pollinator functional groups. The relationship of PL with other examined traits was not supported by our results. The causes of pollen limitation may vary among species with regard to (1) different reproductive strategies and life history, and/or (2) temporary changes in influence of biotic and abiotic factors at a site.

Colonialism and the Highland Clearances

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Late Modern

This article employs a new approach to studying internal colonialism in northern Scotland during the 18th and 19th centuries. A common approach to examining internal colonial situations within modern state territories is to compare characteristics of the internal colonial situation with attested attributes of external colonial relations. Although this article does not reject the comparative approach, it seeks to avoid criticisms that this approach can be misleading by demonstrating that promoters and managers of projects involving land use change, territorial dispossession and industrial development in the late modern Gàidhealtachd consistently conceived of their work as projects of colonization. It further argues that the new social, cultural and political structures these projects imposed on the area's indigenous population correspond to those found in other colonial situations, and that racist and racialist attitudes towards Gaels of the time are typical of those in colonial situations during the period. The article concludes that the late modern Gàidhealtachd has been a site of internal colonization where the relationship of domination between colonizer and colonized is complex, longstanding and occurring within the imperial state. In doing so it demonstrates that the history and present of the Gaels of Scotland belongs within the ambit of an emerging indigenous research paradigm.

The Documentary Imagination in Twentieth-Century French Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison James
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Twentieth Century French Literature ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This book studies the documentary impulse that plays a central role in twentieth-century French literature. Focusing on nonfiction narratives, it analyzes the use of documents—pieces of textual or visual evidence incorporated into the literary work to relay and interrogate reality. It traces the emergence of an enduring concern with factual reference in texts that engage with current events or the historical archive. Writers idealize the document as a fragment of raw reality, but also reveal its constructed and mediated nature and integrate it as a voice within a larger composition. This ambivalent documentary imagination, present in works by Gide, Breton, Aragon, Yourcenar, Duras, and Modiano (among others), shapes the relationship of literature to visual media, testimonial discourses, and self-representation. Far from turning away from realism in the twentieth century, French literature often turns to the document as a site of both modernist experiment and engagement with the world.

scholarly journals Temperature and Prey Species Richness Drive the Broad-Scale Distribution of a Generalist Predator

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Danai-Eleni Michailidou ◽  
Maria Lazarina ◽  
Stefanos P. Sgardelis
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
The Future ◽  
Grass Snake ◽  
Broad Scale

The ongoing climate change and the unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss render the need to accurately project future species distributional patterns more critical than ever. Mounting evidence suggests that not only abiotic factors, but also biotic interactions drive broad-scale distributional patterns. Here, we explored the effect of predator-prey interaction on the predator distribution, using as target species the widespread and generalist grass snake (Natrix natrix). We used ensemble Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) to build a model only with abiotic variables (abiotic model) and a biotic one including prey species richness. Then we projected the future grass snake distribution using a modest emission scenario assuming an unhindered and no dispersal scenario. The two models performed equally well, with temperature and prey species richness emerging as the top drivers of species distribution in the abiotic and biotic models, respectively. In the future, a severe range contraction is anticipated in the case of no dispersal, a likely possibility as reptiles are poor dispersers. If the species can disperse freely, an improbable scenario due to habitat loss and fragmentation, it will lose part of its contemporary distribution, but it will expand northwards.

scholarly journals R-STIPPLED MAIZE AS A TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SYSTEM

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488
Author(s):  
W M Williams ◽  
K V Satyanarayana ◽  
J L Kermicle
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Linkage Phase ◽  
Element System ◽  
In Trans ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT The I-R element at the R locus destabilizes kernel pigmentation giving the variegated pattern known as stippled (R-st). In trans linkage phase with R-st the element was shown to act as a modifier of stippled, intensifying seed spotting in parallel with effects of the dominant linked modifier M-st. Presence of I-R in the genome was, therefore, shown to be detectable as a modifier of R-st. When this test was used, new modifiers resembling M-st were often detected following mutations of R-st to the stable allele R-sc. Such mutations evidently occurred by transposition of I-R away from the R locus to a site where it was identifiable as a modifier. M-st may be such a transposed I-R. Analysis of mutations to R-sc during the second (sperm-forming) mitosis in pollen grains showed that some of the transposed I-R elements were linked with R, whereas others assorted independently. Their strengths varied from barely discernible to a level equal to M-st. Overreplication frequently accompanied transposition at the sperm-forming mitosis, leading to transposed I-R elements in both the mutant and nonmutant sperm.

The auditing profession and the key audit matter reporting requirement

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessalegn Getie Mihret ◽  
Monika Kansal ◽  
Mohammad Badrul Muttakin ◽  
Tarek Rana
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Requirement ◽  
Regulatory Rule ◽  
Rule Setting ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose This study aims to examine the setting of International Standards on Auditing (ISA) 701 on disclosing key audit matters (KAMs) to explore the role of standard setting in maintaining or reconstituting the relationship of the auditing profession with preparers and users of financial reports. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on concepts from the sociology of the professions literature and the regulatory space metaphor. Data comprises comment letters and other documents pertaining to the setting of ISA 701. Findings The study shows that the KAM reporting requirement is part of the ongoing re-calibration of the regulatory arrangements governing auditing, which started in the early 2000s. This study interprets standard setting as a site for negotiating the relationships between linked ecologies in the audit regulatory space, namely, the auditing profession, preparers of financial statements and users of audited reports. This study identifies three processes involved in setting ISA 701, namely, reconstitution of the rules governing auditors’ reports as a link between the three ecologies, preserving boundaries between the auditing profession and preparers and negotiation aimed at balancing competing interests of the interrelated ecologies. Originality/value The study offers insights into the role of regulatory rule setting as a central medium through which the adaptive relationship of the profession with its environment is negotiated.

Marine Metazoan Modern Mass Extinction: Improving Predictions by Integrating Fossil, Modern, and Physiological Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Calosi ◽  
Hollie M. Putnam ◽  
Richard J. Twitchett ◽  
Fanny Vermandele
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extinction Events ◽  
Modern Mass

Evolution, extinction, and dispersion are fundamental processes affecting marine biodiversity. Until recently, studies of extant marine systems focused mainly on evolution and dispersion, with extinction receiving less attention. Past extinction events have, however, helped shape the evolutionary history of marine ecosystems, with ecological and evolutionary legacies still evident in modern seas. Current anthropogenic global changes increase extinction risk and pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, which are critical for human use and sustenance. The evaluation of these threats and the likely responses of marine ecosystems requires a better understanding of evolutionary processes that affect marine ecosystems under global change. Here, we discuss how knowledge of ( a) changes in biodiversity of ancient marine ecosystems to past extinctions events, ( b) the patterns of sensitivity and biodiversity loss in modern marine taxa, and ( c) the physiological mechanisms underpinning species’ sensitivity to global change can be exploited and integrated to advance our critical thinking in this area.

scholarly journals ROS in tobacco stigma exudate affect pollen proteome and provoke membrane hyperpolarization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breygina Maria ◽  
Klimenko Ekaterina ◽  
Shilov Eugeny ◽  
Mamaeva Anna ◽  
Zgoda Viktor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
List Type ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Inhibitory Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Stigma Exudate

1.AbstractROS are known to be accumulated in stigmas of different species and can possibly perform different functions in plant reproduction. Here we confirm the assumption that they affect pollen by altering ion transport through the plasma membrane; as a more deferred effect, pollen proteome is modified. We detected ROS in stigma exudate, found hyperpolarization in exudate-treated growing pollen tubes and used flow cytometry of pollen protoplasts to compare the effects of fresh exudate and exogenous H2O2 on pollen tube plasmalemma. Exudate causes plasmalemma hyperpolarization similar to the one provoked by H2O2, which is abolished by catalase treatment and ROS quencher MnTMPP. Inhibitory analysis indicates the participation of Ca2+- and K+-conducting channels in the observed hyperpolarization, linking obtained data with previous patch-clamp studies in vitro. For a deeper understanding of pollen response to ROS we analyzed proteome alterations in H2O2-treated pollen grains. We found 50 unique proteins and 20 differently accumulated proteins that are mainly involved in cell metabolism, energetics, protein synthesis and folding. Thus, pollen is getting ready for effective resource usage, construction of cellular components and rapid growth.HighlightsThe active substance in stigma exudate is H2O2H2O2 causes hyperpolarization mediated by the activation of cation channels.H2O2 affects pollen proteome; we found 50 unique proteins.

scholarly journals Intoxicating Impressions: Architecture to enlighten the imagination through the depth of reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amber Marie Gray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Taste And Smell

<p>Wine is created from the delicate and fragile craft of winemaking, a craft reliant on the balance of both science and art. Wine translates qualities and experience of space and creation through the sense of taste and smell. Intoxicating impressions rediscovers the artistic nature of this craft through the space of a winery. It proposes an architecture of engagement.  Impressionist painting offers an immersive representation of the qualities and atmosphere of space. This immersive effect creates an engagement of the viewer's imagination within the depicted scene. The painting's execution is based on both science and art through the representation of the intangible. This exploration resulted in testing architectural concepts of 'dissipation of light' and 'blurring of boundaries' to enhance the architectural experience to engage the imagination of the inhabitant.  From these concepts, architecture allows the inhabiting of intangible qualities. The landscape presents itself as an ephemeral tool to mediate this relationship of art and science having an imperative role within the winemaking craft. The architectural design becomes a tool to immerse the user within the craft that it houses and within the landscape where the craft of winemaking occurs and upon which it relies upon.  This winery is designed for a site in the Hawke’s Bay wine region of New Zealand and follows a brief designed to materialise intangible and immaterial qualities of space. This is to engage the inhabitant within the environment and the winemaking craft. The architectural design allows the exploration of the intangible, balanced, vulnerable and fragile nature of a craft that is balanced by a scientific reality.</p>

scholarly journals Intoxicating Impressions: Architecture to enlighten the imagination through the depth of reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amber Marie Gray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Taste And Smell

<p>Wine is created from the delicate and fragile craft of winemaking, a craft reliant on the balance of both science and art. Wine translates qualities and experience of space and creation through the sense of taste and smell. Intoxicating impressions rediscovers the artistic nature of this craft through the space of a winery. It proposes an architecture of engagement.  Impressionist painting offers an immersive representation of the qualities and atmosphere of space. This immersive effect creates an engagement of the viewer's imagination within the depicted scene. The painting's execution is based on both science and art through the representation of the intangible. This exploration resulted in testing architectural concepts of 'dissipation of light' and 'blurring of boundaries' to enhance the architectural experience to engage the imagination of the inhabitant.  From these concepts, architecture allows the inhabiting of intangible qualities. The landscape presents itself as an ephemeral tool to mediate this relationship of art and science having an imperative role within the winemaking craft. The architectural design becomes a tool to immerse the user within the craft that it houses and within the landscape where the craft of winemaking occurs and upon which it relies upon.  This winery is designed for a site in the Hawke’s Bay wine region of New Zealand and follows a brief designed to materialise intangible and immaterial qualities of space. This is to engage the inhabitant within the environment and the winemaking craft. The architectural design allows the exploration of the intangible, balanced, vulnerable and fragile nature of a craft that is balanced by a scientific reality.</p>

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