scholarly journals Flash Flaming Improves Flow Properties of Mediterranean Grasses Used for Direct Seeding

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Bianca Berto ◽  
Todd E. Erickson ◽  
Alison L. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Seed Handling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Evaluation

The demand for native grasses is increasing in restoration and agriculture, though their use is often limited due to seed handling challenges. The external structures surrounding the grass seed (i.e., the floret) possess hairs, awns, and appendages which create blockages in conventional seeding equipment. Flash flaming is a patented technology which allows precision exposure of floret material to flames to singe off hairs and appendages. We used two grasses native to Mediterranean ecosystems of Western Australia (Amphipogon turbinatus R.Br. and Neurachne alopecuoidea R.Br.) to evaluate the effects of different flaming techniques on flow properties and germination. Flaming significantly improved flowability in both species and had both neutral (A. turbinatus) and negative (N. alopecuroidea) effects on germination. Flaming torch size influenced germination, though flaming temperature (low or high) and whether this was kept constant or alternating had no effect. The best evaluation of germination following flaming was achieved by cleaning flamed florets to seed and/or germinating in the presence of karrikinolide (KAR1) or gibberellic acid (GA3). We suggest that flaming settings (particularly torch size) require species-specific evaluation and optimisation. Removing seeds from flamed florets and germination testing this material in the presence of stimulants may be a useful protocol for future flaming evaluations.

scholarly journals Geochemical and microstructural characterisation of two species of cool-water bivalves (<i>Fulvia tenuicostata</i> and <i>Soletellina biradiata</i>) from Western Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza M. Roger ◽  
Annette D. George ◽  
Jeremy Shaw ◽  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
Malcolm Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Ionic Substitution ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Abstract. The shells of two marine bivalve species (Fulvia tenuicostata and Soletellina biradiata) endemic to south Western Australia have been characterised using a combined crystallographic, spectroscopic and geochemical approach. Both species have been described previously as purely aragonitic; however, this study identified the presence of three phases, namely aragonite, calcite and Mg-calcite, using XRD analysis. Data obtained via confocal Raman spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) show correlations between Mg ∕ S and Mg ∕ P in F. tenuicostata and between Sr ∕ S and S ∕ Ba in S. biradiata. The composition of the organic macromolecules that constitute the shell organic matrix (i.e. the soluble phosphorus-dominated and/or insoluble sulfur-dominated fraction) influences the incorporation of Mg, Sr and Ba into the crystal lattice. Ionic substitution, particularly Ca2+ by Mg2+ in calcite in F. tenuicostata, appears to have been promoted by the combination of both S- and P-dominated organic macromolecules. The elemental composition of these two marine bivalve shells is species specific and influenced by many factors, such as crystallographic structure, organic macromolecule composition and environmental setting. In order to reliably use bivalve shells as proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, both the organic and inorganic crystalline material need to be characterised to account for all influencing factors and accurately describe the vital effect.

scholarly journals Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zivkovic ◽  
M. Devic ◽  
B. Filipovic ◽  
Z. Giba ◽  
D. Grubisic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

The distribution and biology of the genus Ahamitermes (Isoptera).

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Calaby
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
New Distribution

The little-known Australian genus, Ahamitermes, contains four described species: A. nidicola Mjoberg (Queensland), A. hillii Nicholls (south-western Australia), A. inclusus Gay (restricted to a small sub-coastal area in mid- Western Australia), and A. pumilus (Hill) (New South Wales and Western Australia). Many new distribution records of A. hillii and some of A. inclusus are given. New observations on the biology of Ahamitermes show that the various species have a species-specific parasitic nesting relationship with either one of two species of the genus Coptotermes. They live in specific parts of the inner sections of Coptotermes nests, utilizing as food the carton composing these sections, and are thus dependent on the host for food and shelter. They are not found in any other situation. The nests of host and parasite are separated and the two species are mutually hostile. A. pumilus differs from its congeners in that it is also dependent on the host for the release of its alates which are tolerated inquilines in the host's nest. Termite associations in general and that of Ahamitermes and Coptotermes in particular are discussed.

scholarly journals Species-specific evaluation of a patient with suspected crab allergy

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. AB221
Author(s):  
Michelle Clark ◽  
John Cohn ◽  
Ajay Nayak ◽  
Henry Morelli ◽  
Megan Ford
Keyword(s):  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Evaluation

Cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum) germination requirements and colonizing potential in the Arctic

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2509-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Wein ◽  
D. A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Germination Requirements

Germination requirements of cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum L.) were investigated to determine its potential for reseeding disturbed areas of the arctic tundra. Maximum seed production was 15.7 kg/ha, although production and viability varied widely. There was no seed dormancy and temperatures of 25–30 °C produced maximum germination rates. A light treatment enhanced germination but was not required. Cotton grass seed germinated under less favorable moisture conditions than several other native grasses that strongly invade disturbed arctic sites. Loss of viability during storage under room conditions was high for the first 10 months, yet 27.6–52.5% of the seed remained viable at 19 months. The role that this species could play in revegetation is discussed.

Reconstructed paternal genotypes reveal variable rates of multiple paternity at three rookeries of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Tedeschi ◽  
N. J. Mitchell ◽  
O. Berry ◽  
S. Whiting ◽  
M. Meekan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Operational Sex Ratios

Female sea turtles are promiscuous, with clutches of eggs often sired by multiple males and rates of multiple paternity varying greatly within and across species. We investigated levels of multiple paternity in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from three rookeries in Western Australia by analysing polymorphic species-specific genetic markers. We predicted that the level of multiple paternity would be related to female population size and hence the large rookery at Dirk Hartog Island would have higher rates of multiple paternity than two smaller mainland rookeries at Gnaraloo Bay and Bungelup Beach. Contrary to our prediction, we found highly variable rates of multiple paternity among the rookeries that we sampled, which was unrelated to female population size (25% at Bungelup Beach, 86% at Gnaraloo Bay, and 36% at Dirk Hartog Island). Approximately 45 different males sired 25 clutches and the average number of sires per clutch ranged from 1.2 to 2.1, depending on the rookery sampled. The variance in rates of multiple paternity among rookeries suggests that operational sex ratios are variable in Western Australia. Periodic monitoring would show whether the observed patterns of multiple paternity for these three rookeries are stable over time, and our data provide a baseline for detecting shifts in operational sex ratios.

scholarly journals Economics of Direct Seeding and Planting for Establishing Oak Stands on Old-Field Sites in the South

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bullard ◽  
John D. Hodges ◽  
Robert L. Johnson ◽  
Thomas J. Straka
Keyword(s):  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Seed Handling ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract On old-field sites in the South, oak stands may be established by direct seeding of acorns, or by planting seedlings. Planting seedlings costs approximately 2 1/2 times the cost of direct seeding on a per acre basis, and based on our study of overall costs and returns, we conclude that in most cases the additional costs of planting are not justified by the additional benefits. Direct seeding is therefore an economically viable alternative to planting, although success with seeding requires careful selection of species/site combinations and proper seed handling and storage. South. J. Appl. For. 16(1):34-40.

Seedling emergence and summer survival after direct seeding for woodland restoration on old fields in south-western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hallett ◽  
Rachel J. Standish ◽  
Justin Jonson ◽  
Richard J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Woodland Restoration

Species-specific evaluation of 2 patients with suspected crab allergy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Clark ◽  
Ajay P. Nayak ◽  
John R. Cohn ◽  
Henry P. Morelli ◽  
Megan K. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Evaluation

scholarly journals Geochemical and microstructural characterisation of two species of cool-water bivalves (<i>Fulvia tenuicostata</i> and <i>Soletellina biradiata</i>) from Western Australia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza M. Roger ◽  
Annette D. George ◽  
Jeremy Shaw ◽  
Robert D. Hart ◽  
Malcolm Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Ionic Substitution ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Abstract. The shells of two marine bivalve species (Fulvia tenuicostata and Soletellina biradiata), endemic to south Western Australia, have been characterised using a combined crystallographic, spectroscopic and geochemical approach. Both species have been described previously as purely aragonitic, however, this study identified the presence of three phases, namely aragonite, calcite and Mg-calcite using XRD analysis. Data obtained via confocal Raman spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA ICP-MS) show correlations between Mg/S and Mg/P in F. tenuicostata, and Sr/S and S/Ba in S. biradiata. The composition of organic macromolecules that constitute the shell organic matrix (i.e. soluble phosphorus-dominated and/or insoluble sulphur-dominated fraction) influences the incorporation of Mg, Sr and Ba into the crystal lattice. Ionic substitution, particularly Ca2+ by Mg2+ in calcite in F. tenuicostata, appears to have been promoted by the combination of both S- and P-dominated organic macromolecules. The elemental composition of these two marine bivalve shells is species-specific and is influenced by many factors such as crystallographic structure, organic macromolecule composition and environmental setting. In order to reliably use bivalve shells as proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, both the organic and inorganic crystalline material need to be characterised to account for all influencing factors and accurately describe the "vital effect".

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