scholarly journals Critical Factors for the Recycling of Different End-of-Life Materials: Wood Wastes, Automotive Shredded Residues, and Dismantled Wind Turbine Blades

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castaldo ◽  
De Falco ◽  
Avolio ◽  
Bossanne ◽  
Cicaroni Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Evolved Gases ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Ftir Spectrometry

Different classes of wastes, namely wooden wastes, plastic fractions from automotive shredded residues, and glass fiber reinforced composite wastes obtained from dismantled wind turbines blades were analyzed in view of their possible recycling. Wooden wastes included municipal bulky wastes, construction and demolition wastes, and furniture wastes. The applied characterization protocol, based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) coupled with FTIR spectrometry for the investigation of the evolved gases, revealed that the selected classes of wastes are very complex and heterogeneous materials, containing different impurities that can represent serious obstacles toward their reuse/recycling. Critical parameters were analyzed and discussed, and recommendations were reported for a safe and sustainable recycling of these classes of materials.

Refined Delamination Factor Failure Characterization of Composite Wind Turbine Blade

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Nagarajan ◽  
S. Sundaram ◽  
K. Thyagarajan ◽  
J. Selwin Rajadurai ◽  
T. P. D. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Delamination Factor ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Useful Power ◽  
Composite Blades

Wind turbines are used to convert the kinetic energy of wind into useful power. The wind turbine blades are fabricated using glass fiber-reinforced composite materials. Wind turbine blades are complex section. In order to improve the strength of the blades under varying loading conditions, spars are embedded in it. The spars are fastened with the composite shells of the blades using bolted connections. In order to affect this fastening, holes of appropriate size were drilled in the composite laminates. Delamination is the major failure in composite blades which is induced during drilling. Delamination is quantitatively measured using digital means. A comparison between the conventional ( FD) and adjusted ( FDA) delamination factors is presented. In order to effectively quantify the delamination, refined delamination factor ( FDR) is proposed. It is found that the proposed FDR predicts the failure in a better manner when compared with predictive capabilities of FD as well as FDA.

scholarly journals Simulation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Nanocomposites for Small Wind Turbine Blades

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Yasser Elhenawy ◽  
Yasser Fouad ◽  
Haykel Marouani ◽  
Mohamed Bassyouni
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This study aims to evaluate the effect of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the performance of glass fiber (GF)-reinforced polypropylene (PP) for wind turbine blades. Support for theoretical blade movement of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs), simulation, and analysis were performed with the Ansys computer package to gain insight into the durability of polypropylene-chopped E-glass for application in turbine blades under aerodynamic, gravitational, and centrifugal loads. Typically, polymer nanocomposites are used for small-scale wind turbine systems, such as for residential applications. Mechanical and physical properties of material composites including tensile and melt flow indices were determined. Surface morphology of polypropylene-chopped E-glass fiber and functionalized MWCNTs nanocomposites showed good distribution of dispersed phase. The effect of fiber loading on the mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposites was investigated in order to obtain the optimum composite composition and processing conditions for manufacturing wind turbine blades. The results show that adding MWCNTs to glass fiber-reinforced PP composites has a substantial influence on deflection reduction and adding them to chopped-polypropylene E-glass has a significant effect on reducing the bias estimated by finite element analysis.

scholarly journals Time-Lapse Helical X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) Study of Tensile Fatigue Damage Formation in Composites for Wind Turbine Blades

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Lars Mikkelsen ◽  
Grzegorz Pyka ◽  
Philip Withers
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Understanding the fatigue damage mechanisms in composite materials is of great importance in the wind turbine industry because of the very large number of loading cycles rotor blades undergo during their service life. In this paper, the fatigue damage mechanisms of a non-crimp unidirectional (UD) glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) used in wind turbine blades are characterised by time-lapse ex-situ helical X-ray computed tomography (CT) at different stages through its fatigue life. Our observations validate the hypothesis that off-axis cracking in secondary oriented fibre bundles, the so-called backing bundles, are directly related to fibre fractures in the UD bundles. Using helical X-ray CT we are able to follow the fatigue damage evolution in the composite over a length of 20 mm in the UD fibre direction using a voxel size of (2.75 µm)3. A staining approach was used to enhance the detectability of the narrow off-axis matrix and interface cracks, partly closed fibre fractures and thin longitudinal splits. Instead of being evenly distributed, fibre fractures in the UD bundles nucleate and propagate locally where backing bundles cross-over, or where stitching threads cross-over. In addition, UD fibre fractures can also be initiated by the presence of extensive debonding and longitudinal splitting, which were found to develop from debonding of the stitching threads near surface. The splits lower the lateral constraint of the originally closely packed UD fibres, which could potentially make the composite susceptible to compressive loads as well as the environment in service. The results here indicate that further research into the better design of the positioning of stitching threads, and backing fibre cross-over regions is required, as well as new approaches to control the positions of UD fibres.

scholarly journals Investigation of bending properties of E-Glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for applications in micro wind turbine blades

2020 ◽  
Vol 1473 ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
Sachidanand Singh ◽  
H.G. Hanumantharaju ◽  
Sai Ravi Teja Yadla ◽  
S Hemanth Rao Yadav ◽  
Shreyas Srivatsa
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced
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