scholarly journals Study and Characterization of the Dielectric Behavior of Low Linear Density Polyethylene Composites Mixed with Ground Tire Rubber Particles

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Marín-Genescà ◽  
Jordi García-Amorós ◽  
Ramon Mujal-Rosas ◽  
Lluís Massagués ◽  
Xavier Colom
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Electrical Cable ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Compound Material ◽  
Useful Life

The waste rubber vulcanizate, on account of its stable, cross-linked and three-dimensional structural arrangement, is difficult to biodegrade. Thus, the ever-increasing bulk of worn-out tires is a serious environmental issue and its safe disposal is still a challenging task reported widely by the scientific community. The rubber materials, once they end their useful life, may present difficulties to be reused or recycled. At present, only one tire recycling method is used, which involves grinding and separating steel and fibers from vulcanized rubber, and then using rubber for industrial applications, such as flooring, insulation, footwear. In this paper, a new compound material is presented from a base of reused tire powder (Ground Tire Rubber: GTR) as a mixer and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) as a matrix. The reused tire powder, resulting from grinding industrial processes, is separated by sieving into just one category of particle size (<200 μm) and mixed with the LLDPE in different amounts (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50% and 70% GTR). Due to the good electrical properties of the LLDPE, this study’s focus is settled on the electrical behavior of the obtained composites. The test of the dielectric behavior is carried out by means of DEA test (Dynamic Electric Analysis), undertaken at a range of temperatures varying from 30 to 120 °C, and with a range of frequencies from 1 to 102, to 3·106 Hz, from which permittivity, conductivity, dielectric constant and electric modulus have been obtained. From these experimental results and their analysis, it can be drawn that the additions of different quantities of GTR to LLDPE could be used as industrial applications, such as universal electrical cable joint, filler for electrical applications or cable tray systems and cable ladder system.

Dielectric and mechanical characterization of PVC composites with ground tire rubber

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Orrit-Prat ◽  
R. Mujal-Rosas ◽  
A. Rahhali ◽  
M. Marin-Genesca ◽  
X. Colom-Fajula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Crushing ◽  
Do So

The mass manufacture of tires and the difficulty for their elimination or storage constitutes a serious environmental problem. At present, several methods for the recycling of tires are used, such as mechanical crushing, in which the steel vulcanized rubber and the fibers are separated; this rubber is being used in numerous applications like pavements, insulators, footwear, etc. This study proposes a second option for obsolete tires, demonstrating their utility as dielectrics. In order to do so, ground tire rubber (GTR) has been combined with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to obtain a composite of a polymeric matrix reinforced with GTR. In order to determine the behavior of this composite material, the electrical and mechanical tests are presented as well as, more briefly, microstructure and thermal analyses, undertaken for the various mixtures of PVC with GTR (concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, and 70% GTR), and three GTR particle size categories (<200 μm, 200—500 μm, and >500 μm), in a range of temperatures that varied from 30° C to 130° C, and with frequencies from between 1 × 10-2 Hz and 3 × 106 Hz. The dielectric tests have allowed for an analysis of dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, dielectric modulus, etc. On the other hand, the mechanical analysis has involved the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness. Mechanical and dielectric results point out that below 20% of GTR the material features for mechanical or electrical applications are not significantly altered.

Dielectric properties of various polymers (PVC, EVA, HDPE, and PP) reinforced with ground tire rubber (GTR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Mujal-Rosas ◽  
Marc Marin-Genesca ◽  
Jordi Ballart-Prunell
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Crushing ◽  
Composite Samples

AbstractMass production of tires as well as its difficult storage or elimination is a real environmental problem. Various methods for recycling tires are currently used, such as mechanical crushing, which puts vulcanized rubber, steel, and fibers apart. The rubber may be used in several industrial applications such as flooring, insulations, and footwear. The present paper focuses on finding a new application for old used tires [ground tire rubber (GTR)]. To this end, tires dust has been mixed with various thermoplastic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and polypropylene (PP). We have checked the maximum GTR concentration values admitted by these compounds while keeping dielectric properties within acceptable values and therefore remaining suitable for industrial applications in the manufacturing of insulators for electrical wires. In particular, tires dust with particles size p<200 μm has been mixed with the polymers in four different GTR concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 50% to establish its performance through dielectric tests performed within a range of temperatures from 30°C to 120°C, and with frequencies from 1×10-2 to 3×106 Hz, and analyzing conductivity, permittivity, dielectric loss factor, and relaxations. At last, the fracture surfaces of the composite samples have been evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Recycling Waste Tires into Ground Tire Rubber (GTR)/Rubber Compounds: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fazli ◽  
Denis Rodrigue
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Recycling and recovery of waste tires is a serious environmental problem since vulcanized rubbers require several years to degrade naturally and remain for long periods of time in the environment. This is associated to a complex three dimensional (3D) crosslinked structure and the presence of a high number of different additives inside a tire formulation. Most end-of-life tires are discarded as waste in landfills taking space or incinerated for energy recovery, especially for highly degraded rubber wastes. All these options are no longer acceptable for the environment and circular economy. However, a great deal of progress has been made on the sustainability of waste tires via recycling as this material has high potential being a source of valuable raw materials. Extensive researches were performed on using these end-of-life tires as fillers in civil engineering applications (concrete and asphalt), as well as blending with polymeric matrices (thermoplastics, thermosets or virgin rubber). Several grinding technologies, such as ambient, wet or cryogenic processes, are widely used for downsizing waste tires and converting them into ground tire rubber (GTR) with a larger specific surface area. Here, a focus is made on the use of GTR as a partial replacement in virgin rubber compounds. The paper also presents a review of the possible physical and chemical surface treatments to improve the GTR adhesion and interaction with different matrices, including rubber regeneration processes such as thermomechanical, microwave, ultrasonic and thermochemical producing regenerated tire rubber (RTR). This review also includes a detailed discussion on the effect of GTR/RTR particle size, concentration and crosslinking level on the curing, rheological, mechanical, aging, thermal, dynamic mechanical and swelling properties of rubber compounds. Finally, a conclusion on the current situation is provided with openings for future works.

scholarly journals Influence of Tire Rubber Particles Addition in Different Branching Degrees Polyethylene Matrix Composites on Physical and Structural Behavior

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3213
Author(s):  
Marc Marín-Genescà ◽  
Ramon Mujal Rosas ◽  
Jordi García Amorós ◽  
Lluis Massagues Vidal ◽  
Xavier Colom Fajula
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Polarization Effect ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Dielectric Characterization ◽  
Branched Polyethylene ◽  
Rubber Particles

Waste from pneumatic wheels is one of the major environmental problems, and the scientific community is looking for methods to recycle this type of waste. In this paper, ground tire rubber particles (GTR) from disused tires have been mixed with samples of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and morphological tests have been performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as the dynamic electric analysis (DEA) dielectric characterization technique using impedance spectroscopy. From this experience, how GTR reinforcement influences polyethylene and what influence GTR particles have on the branched polyethylene has been detected. For pure LDPE samples, a Debye-type dielectric behavior is observed with an imperfect semicircle, which depends on the temperature, as it shows differences for the samples at 30 °C and 120 °C, unlike the HDPE samples, which do not show such a trend. The behavior in samples with Debye behavior is like an almost perfect dipole and is due to the crystalline behavior of polyethylene at high temperature and without any reinforcement. These have been obtained evidence that for branched PE (LPDE) the Maxwell Wagner Sillars (MWS) effect is highly remarkable and that this happens due to the intrachain polarization effect combined with MWS. This means that the permittivity and conductivity at LDPE/50%GTR are high than LDPE/70%GTR. However, it does not always occur that way with HDPE composites in which HDPE/70%GTR has the highest values of permittivity and conductivity, due to the presence of conductive fraction (Carbon Black-30%) in the GTR particles and their dielectric behavior.

Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber and microwave devulcanized ground tire rubber composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazliye Karabork ◽  
Erol Pehlivan ◽  
Ahmet Akdemir
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Soluble Part

Abstract Ground tire rubber (GTR) was devulcanized by microwaves at the same heating rate (constant power) and different times of exposure. The devulcanized rubber (DV-R) and untreated GTR were characterized physically and thermally. Composite materials were prepared from different proportions of the GTR, which was used as a filler, and the DV-R, which was used as part of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix, and by varying the exposure time of the microwave power. These composites were compared with a control sample that was prepared from virgin SBR. The sol content (soluble part) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the devulcanized samples were examined to define the efficiency of devulcanization. The cure characteristics and tensile properties of the SBR composites were researched. In this study, it was found that using DV-R as part of the rubber matrix produced much better properties than using GTR as a filler, thereby showing the significant benefits of microwave devulcanization. At the DV-R content of 50 phr, the elongation at break of the DV-R 5 min/SBR composites increased to 445.06% from 217.25% for the GTR/SBR composites, i.e., the elongation at break was enhanced by 105% by the devulcanization of GTR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs displayed a better interface coherence between the DV-R 5 min and SBR matrix than the GTR/SBR composites.

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