scholarly journals Anion Exchange Membranes with 1D, 2D and 3D Fillers: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3887
Author(s):  
Riccardo Narducci ◽  
Emanuela Sgreccia ◽  
Philippe Knauth ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Vona
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) are clean energy conversion devices that are an attractive alternative to the more common proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), because they present, among others, the advantage of not using noble metals like platinum as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. The interest in this technology has increased exponentially over the recent years. Unfortunately, the low durability of anion exchange membranes (AEM) in basic conditions limits their use on a large scale. We present in this review composite AEM with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional fillers, an approach commonly used to enhance the fuel cell performance and stability. The most important filler types, which are discussed in this review, are carbon and titanate nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide, layered double hydroxides, silica and zirconia nanoparticles. The functionalization of the fillers is the most important key to successful property improvement. The recent progress of mechanical properties, ionic conductivity and FC performances of composite AEM is critically reviewed.

scholarly journals Electrospun Composite Proton-Exchange and Anion-Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6709
Author(s):  
Zhihao Shang ◽  
Ryszard Wycisk ◽  
Peter Pintauro
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and oxidant into electricity. Cation-exchange and anion-exchange membranes play an important role in hydrogen fed proton-exchange membrane (PEM) and anion-exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells, respectively. Over the past 10 years, there has been growing interest in using nanofiber electrospinning to fabricate fuel cell PEMs and AEMs with improved properties, e.g., a high ion conductivity with low in-plane water swelling and good mechanical strength under wet and dry conditions. Electrospinning is used to create either reinforcing scaffolds that can be pore-filled with an ionomer or precursor mats of interwoven ionomer and reinforcing polymers, which after suitable processing (densification) form a functional membrane. In this review paper, methods of nanofiber composite PEMs and AEMs fabrication are reviewed and the properties of these membranes are discussed and contrasted with the properties of fuel cell membranes prepared using conventional methods. The information and discussions contained herein are intended to provide inspiration for the design of high-performance next-generation fuel cell ion-exchange membranes.

scholarly journals Expert assessments of the cost and expected future performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 4899-4904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Whiston ◽  
Inês L. Azevedo ◽  
Shawn Litster ◽  
Kate S. Whitefoot ◽  
Constantine Samaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Despite decades of development, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) still lack wide market acceptance in vehicles. To understand the expected trajectories of PEMFC attributes that influence adoption, we conducted an expert elicitation assessment of the current and expected future cost and performance of automotive PEMFCs. We elicited 39 experts’ assessments of PEMFC system cost, stack durability, and stack power density under a hypothetical, large-scale production scenario. Experts assessed the median 2017 automotive cost to be $75/kW, stack durability to be 4,000 hours, and stack power density to be 2.5 kW/L. However, experts ranged widely in their assessments. Experts’ 2017 best cost assessments ranged from $40 to $500/kW, durability assessments ranged from 1,200 to 12,000 hours, and power density assessments ranged from 0.5 to 4 kW/L. Most respondents expected the 2020 cost to fall short of the 2020 target of the US Department of Energy (DOE). However, most respondents anticipated that the DOE’s ultimate target of $30/kW would be met by 2050 and a power density of 3 kW/L would be achieved by 2035. Fifteen experts thought that the DOE’s ultimate durability target of 8,000 hours would be met by 2050. In general, experts identified high Pt group metal loading as the most significant barrier to reducing cost. Recommended research and development (R&D) funding was allocated to “catalysts and electrodes,” followed in decreasing amount by “fuel cell performance and durability,” “membranes and electrolytes,” and “testing and technical assessment.” Our results could be used to inform public and private R&D decisions and technology roadmaps.

Anion exchange membranes with branched ionic clusters for fuel cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 5993-5998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubin He ◽  
Xiaolin Ge ◽  
Xian Liang ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Muhammad A. Shehzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ionic Clusters ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A highly conductive anion exchange membrane with branched ionic clusters exhibits an excellent fuel cell performance of 266 mW cm−2 at 60 °C.

scholarly journals Alkaline membrane fuel cells: anion exchange membranes and fuels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maša Hren ◽  
Mojca Božič ◽  
Darinka Fakin ◽  
Karin Stana Kleinschek ◽  
Selestina Gorgieva
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Alkaline Membrane ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AAEMFC) are attracting ever-increasing attention, as they are promising electrochemical devices for energy production, presenting a viable opponent to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).

Highly proton conductive membranes based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibres and their performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Guccini ◽  
Annika Carlson ◽  
Shun Yu ◽  
Göran Lindbergh ◽  
Rakel Wreland Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibres ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The performance of thin carboxylated cellulose nanofiber-based (CNF) membranes as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells has been measured in-situ as a function of CNF surface charge density (600 and 1550 µmol g<sup>-1</sup>), counterion (H<sup>+</sup>or Na<sup>+</sup>), membrane thickness and fuel cell relative humidity (RH 55 to 95 %). The structural evolution of the membranes as a function of RH as measured by Small Angle X-ray scattering shows that water channels are formed only above 75 % RH. The amount of absorbed water was shown to depend on the membrane surface charge and counter ions (Na<sup>+</sup>or H<sup>+</sup>). The high affinity of CNF for water and the high aspect ratio of the nanofibers, together with a well-defined and homogenous membrane structure, ensures a proton conductivity exceeding 1 mS cm<sup>-1</sup>at 30 °C between 65 and 95 % RH. This is two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported values for cellulose materials and only one order of magnitude lower than Nafion 212. Moreover, the CNF membranes are characterized by a lower hydrogen crossover than Nafion, despite being ≈ 30 % thinner. Thanks to their environmental compatibility and promising fuel cell performance the CNF membranes should be considered for new generation proton exchange membrane fuel cells.<br>

A nitrogen and fluorine enriched Fe/Fe3C@C oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst for anion/proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2542-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanraju Karuppannan ◽  
Ji Eun Park ◽  
Hyo Eun Bae ◽  
Yong-Hun Cho ◽  
Oh Joong Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Nitrogen-doped carbon-encapsulated non-noble metals are promising electrocatalytic alternatives to Pt for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).

A Numerical Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer in Air-Cooled Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Berning
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Abstract A numerical analysis of an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been conducted. The model utilizes the Eulerian multi-phase approach to predict the occurrence and transport of liquid water inside the cell. It is assumed that all the waste heat must be carried out of the fuel cell with the excess air which leads to a strong temperature increase of the air stream. The results suggest that the performance of these fuel cells is limited by membrane overheating which is ultimately caused by the limited heat transfer to the laminar air stream. A proposed remedy is the placement of a turbulence grid before such a fuel cell stack to enhance the heat transfer and increase the fuel cell performance.

scholarly journals Imidazolium-based anion exchange membranes for alkaline anion fuel cells: elucidation of the morphology and the interplay between the morphology and properties

Soft Matter ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1567-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Kimio Yoshimura ◽  
Hideyuki Shishitani ◽  
Susumu Yamaguchi ◽  
Hirohisa Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Membrane

We investigated the morphology of a new graft-type anion exchange membrane by SANS technique.

Surveillance Ship with Fuel Cell Performance Analysis and Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 728-732
Author(s):  
Yean Der Kuan ◽  
Jing Yi Chang ◽  
Min Shiang Huang ◽  
Yen Yao Chu ◽  
Yan Ci Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Performance Analysis And Design ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Command Center

The main content of this paper is to design and fabricate a type of surveillance ship with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which adopts hydrogen as fuel cell to generate electricity to drive the surveillance ship. This ship has devices of reconnaissance, lighting, shooting. The reconnaissance device could return real-time images to the command center via cloud technique which could understand the current situation of the reconnaissance location. A buoyancy device is designed into the hull to enhance the stability of running. This paper starts from the functional design and system evaluation, then conducts the fabrication and assembly of the surveillance ship, and finally makes the electric integration and the tests of the PEMFC, surveillance ship running, and hydrogen consumption. The results of the research shows the developed surveillance ship has the advantages of low pollution, clean energy, no effect of day and night, and could be driven via only a small amount of hydrogen, which meets the trend of environmental protection and has the potential of applications in the future.

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