scholarly journals Review of Recent Developments of Glass Transition in PVC Nanocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4336
Author(s):  
Jolanta Tomaszewska ◽  
Tomasz Sterzyński ◽  
Aneta Woźniak-Braszak ◽  
Michał Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dielectric Thermal Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This review addresses the impact of different nanoadditives on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is a widely used industrial polymer. The relatively high Tg limits its temperature-dependent applications. The objective of the review is to present the state-of-the-art knowledge on the influence of nanofillers of various origins and dimensions on the Tg of the PVC. The Tg variations induced by added nanofillers can be probed mostly by such experimental techniques as thermomechanical analysis (TMA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dielectric thermal analysis (DETA). The increase in Tg is commonly associated with the use of mineral and carbonaceous nanofillers. In this case, a rise in the concentration of nanoadditives leads to an increase in the Tg due to a restraint of the PVC macromolecular chain’s mobility. The lowering of Tg may be attributed to the well-known plasticizing effect, which is a consequence of the incorporation of oligomeric silsesquioxanes to the polymeric matrix. It has been well established that the variation in the Tg value depends also on the chemical modification of nanofillers and their incorporation into the PVC matrix. This review may be an inspiration for further investigation of nanofillers’ effect on the PVC glass transition temperature.

Determining the Glass Transition Temperature of an Epoxy Siloxane Composite by Thermal Analysis Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
V.S. Osipchik ◽  
Yu.V. Olikhova ◽  
L.Kh. Nguen ◽  
G.A. Lushcheikin ◽  
V.M. Aristov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Thermomechanical analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dielectric thermal analysis were used to determine the glass transition temperature of hot-curing epoxy siloxane composites. The effect of polymethylphenylsiloxane resin on the parameters of the three-dimensional structure and on the deformation and strength properties of epoxy novolac resin during curing by 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane was established.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Amorphous Organic Materials Characterization by Using the Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Ion Dranca ◽  
Igor Povar ◽  
Tudor Lupascu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Β Relaxation

This research has been carried out in order to demonstrate the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in detecting and measuring α- and β-relaxation processes in amorphous pharmaceutical systems. DSC has been employed to study amorphous samples of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), indomethacin (InM), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDA) that are annealed at temperature (Ta) around 0.8 of their glass transition temperature (Tg). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is used to measure β- relaxation in PVP. Yet, the DSC has been used to study the glassy indomethacin aged at 0 and -10 oC for periods of time up to 109 and 210 days respectively. The results demonstrate the emergence of a small melting peak of the α-polymorph after aging for 69 days at 0°C and for 147 days at -10°C (i.e., ~55°C below the glass transition temperature) that provides evidence of nucleation occurring in the temperature region of the β-relaxation.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber Modified Polybenzoxazine as Frictional Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakkrit Jantaramaha ◽  
Chanchira Jubsilp ◽  
Sarawut Rimdusit
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Frictional Composites

Frictional composites based on polybenzoxazine (PBA-a) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) are developed in this study. Mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of the PBA-a/NBR composites at 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15wt% of NBR particle contents are evaluated. Curing behaviors of the NBR-benzoxazine molding compounds are examined by differential scanning calorimetry to show an exothermic peak of about 222°C compared with that of the benzoxazine resin, i.e. 232°C suggesting curing acceleration of the benzoxazine resin due to the presence of the NBR particles. The storage modulus of the NBR-filled PBA-a is observed to systematically decrease from 5.2 GPa of the neat PBA-a to 2.8 GPa with an addition of 15wt% of the rubber particles. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis increases with increasing of NBR particle contents, i.e. from 172°C for PBA-a to 186°C for PBA-a/15wt% NBR. Furthermore, the friction coefficients of the composites with 2wt% NBR are determined to be 0.603 for static type and 0.528 for kinetic type. Those values are improved from the value of 0.597 and 0.475 for unmodified polybenzoxazine, respectively. Therefore, the obtained outstanding properties, i.e. storage modulus, glass transition temperature and friction coefficient make the polybenzoxazine composites highly attractive to be utilized as friction materials.

scholarly journals The Effect of Extender Particle Size on the Glass Transition Temperature of Model Epoxy Coatings

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahsan Bashir ◽  
Martin Gjerde Jakobsen ◽  
Vivian Beate Farstad
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Epoxy Amine ◽  
Thermosetting Epoxy

Inorganic extenders are important constituents of 2K thermosetting epoxy-amine coatings and their physical properties play an important role in the final properties of the organic coatings. The effects of extender particle size and loading (i.e., the amount of extender in component A or in the total formulation) on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of model epoxy-amine coatings were studied in this work with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The obtained results show that the particle size and loading of feldspar particles (from 25 wt% to 70 wt%) do not influence the glass transition temperature of the model epoxy-amine coating significantly. In general, the smaller the particle size the lower the glass transition temperature of the coating but this depression in Tg seems negligible when seen relative to the change in extender particle size. Similar observations are reported for two model coatings having the same lamda (Λ) value but with silica of very different particle sizes (i.e., nanosilica and micron sized silica).

scholarly journals Effect of Filler on Glass Transition of Asphalt Mastics

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Guo ◽  
Yi Qiu Tan ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Filler Volume Fraction ◽  
Asphalt Mastics ◽  
Dsc Method

A study has been carried out of the glass transition of fifteen asphalt-filler mastics in three different filler types. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method were used. The results show that DMA method can measure asphalt Tg of asphalt-filler mastics more accurately than DSC; The glass transition temperature measured by DMA is generally higher by 20~40oC than that measured by DSC; The glass transition temperature of the asphalt-filler mastics increase with the increase of the filler volume fraction, and andesite is the most sensitive; When the volume fraction of filler is greater than 0.5, the enhance capability of glass transition temperature of asphalt-filler mastics is in the order of andesite > granite > limestone; while the volume fraction of filler is smaller than 0.2, the enhance capability is in the order of granite > limestone > andesite.

scholarly journals Thermal analysis: basic concept of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry for beginners

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatahah Asyqin Zainal ◽  
Jean Marc Saiter ◽  
Suhaila Idayu Abdul Halim ◽  
Romain Lucas ◽  
Chin Han Chan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Sample Decomposition ◽  
Calibration Baseline

AbstractWe present an overview for the basic fundamental of thermal analysis, which is applicable for educational purposes, especially for lecturers at the universities, who may refer to the articles as the references to “teach” or to “lecture” to final year project students or young researchers who are working on their postgraduate projects. Description of basic instrumentation [i.e. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA)] covers from what we should know about the instrument, calibration, baseline and samples’ signal. We also provide the step-by-step guides for the estimation of the glass transition temperature after DSC as well as examples and exercises are included, which are applicable for teaching activities. Glass transition temperature is an important property for commercial application of a polymeric material, e.g. packaging, automotive, etc. TGA is also highlighted where the analysis gives important thermal degradation information of a material to avoid sample decomposition during the DSC measurement. The step-by-step guides of the estimation of the activation energy after TGA based on Hoffman’s Arrhenius-like relationship are also provided.

scholarly journals Physical Aging Behavior of a Glassy Polyether

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Xavier Monnier ◽  
Sara Marina ◽  
Xabier Lopez de Pariza ◽  
Haritz Sardón ◽  
Jaime Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Physical Aging ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Narrow Temperature Range ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Fast Scanning Calorimetry

The present work aims to provide insights on recent findings indicating the presence of multiple equilibration mechanisms in physical aging of glasses. To this aim, we have investigated a glass forming polyether, poly(1-4 cyclohexane di-methanol) (PCDM), by following the evolution of the enthalpic state during physical aging by fast scanning calorimetry (FSC). The main results of our study indicate that physical aging persists at temperatures way below the glass transition temperature and, in a narrow temperature range, is characterized by a two steps evolution of the enthalpic state. Altogether, our results indicate that the simple old-standing view of physical aging as triggered by the α relaxation does not hold true when aging is carried out deep in the glassy state.

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