scholarly journals Integrated Hydrolysis of Mixed Agro-Waste for a Second Generation Biorefinery Using Nepenthes mirabilis Pod Digestive Fluids

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkosikho Dlangamandla ◽  
Seteno Ntwampe ◽  
Justine Angadam ◽  
Elie Itoba-Tombo ◽  
Boredi Chidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
Apple Peels ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

To sustainably operate a biorefinery with a low cost input in a commercial setting, the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass must be undertaken in a manner which will impart environmental tolerance while reducing fermenter inhibitors from the delignification process. The challenge lies with the highly recalcitrant lignin structure, which limits the conversion of the holocelluloses to fermentable total reducing sugars (TRS). Due to these challenges, sustainable and innovative methods to pre-treat biomass must be developed for delignocellulolytic operations. Herein, Nepenthes mirabilis digestive fluids shown to have ligninolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities were used as an enzyme cocktail to hydrolyse mixed agro-waste constituted by Citrus sinensis (orange), Malus domestica (apple) peels, cobs from Zea mays (maize) and Quercus robur (oak) yard waste. The digestive fluids contained carboxylesterases (529.41 ± 30.50 U/L), β-glucosidases (251.94 ± 11.48 U/L) and xylanases (36.09 ± 18.04 U/L), constituting an enzymatic cocktail with significant potential for the reduction in total residual phenolic compounds (TRPCs), while being appropriate for holocellulose hydrolysis. Furthermore, the maximum TRS obtainable was 310 ± 5.19 mg/L within 168 h, while the TRPCs were reduced from 6.25 ± 0.18 to 4.26 ± 0.09 mg/L, which was lower than that observed when conventional methods were used. Overall, N. mirabilis digestive fluids demonstrated an ability to support biocatalytic processes with minimised cellulases hydrolysis interference. Therefore, the digestive enzymes in N. mirabilis pods can be used in an integrated system for feedstock hydrolysis in a second generation biorefinery.

Valorization of agro-industrial wastes to produce hydrolytic enzymes by fungal solid-state fermentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marzo ◽  
A.B. Díaz ◽  
I. Caro ◽  
A. Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Orange Peels ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Nowadays, significant amounts of agro-industrial wastes are discarded by industries; however, they represent interesting raw materials for the production of high-added value products. In this regard, orange peels (ORA) and exhausted sugar beet cossettes (ESBC) have turned out to be promising raw materials for hydrolytic enzymes production by solid state fermentation (SSF) and also a source of sugars which could be fermented to different high-added value products. The maximum activities of xylanase and exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG) measured in the enzymatic extracts obtained after the SSF of ORA were 31,000 U·kg-1 and 17,600 U·kg-1, respectively; while for ESBC the maximum values reached were 35,000 U·kg-1 and 28,000 U·kg-1, respectively. The enzymatic extracts obtained in the SSF experiments were also employed for the hydrolysis of ORA and ESBC. Furthermore, it was found that extracts obtained from SSF of ORA, supplemented with commercial cellulase, were more efficient for the hydrolysis of ORA and ESBC than a commercial enzyme cocktail typically used for this purpose. In this case, maximum reducing sugars concentrations of 57 and 47 g·L-1 were measured after the enzymatic hydrolysis of ESBC and ORA, respectively.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the enzymatic hydrolysis of its biomass for the synthesis of third generation bioethanol

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Phour Dhull ◽  
Kshitiz Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The present study has been carried out with a view of evaluating a green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a potential candidate for the production of reducing sugars using an enzyme cocktail of multiple carbohydrates produced on site for the fermentation into bioethanol. The ability of C. pyrenoidosa to grow similarly fast on different carbon sources and light has been studied in Fog’s medium in heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures. The high cells densities of mixotrophic cultures demonstrated that the growth-stimulating effects of light and carbon utilization were better as compared to the effects of glucose in heterotrophic condition. Maximum biomass yield of 1.2 g/l was achieved with 1% Glucose and 0.2% KNO3 after 7 days of incubation at 28oC. The algal biomass was steam pretreated and hydrolyzed by a cocktail of multiple carbohydrases produced by solid state culture of a laboratory isolate belonging to Aspergillus sp. on wheat bran exhibiting the yields of 86, 35, 74, 1947, 61, 17000 and 1388 IU/g dry wheat bran for CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, mannanase, α-amylase and glucoamylase respectively. The enzyme cocktail worked well in the hydrolysis of algal biomass at 50oC and produced total reducing sugars amounting to 429 mg/g of dried biomass revealing carbohydrate conversion efficiency of 96% after 48 h of hydrolysis. The released sugars may be fermented using suitable yeast strains for the production of third generation bioethanol.

Cellulose Hydrolysis by Acidic Ionic Liquids Enhanced with Microwave Heating

2018 ◽  
Vol 1145 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yun Ma ◽  
Zhi Ping Zhao ◽  
Peng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The hydrolysis of cellulose into platform compounds and chemicals fuels has gained much attention to relieve the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. The filter paper (FP) cellulose with average degree of polymerization (DP) of 1000-1300 was dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) firstly. And then acidic ionic liquids (ILs), ([(CH2)3SO3HVIm]HSO4) as the catalyst was applied to hydrolyze the FP cellulose by microwave heating. Compared with the oil bath heating method, microwave heating could effectively increase the total reducing sugars (TRS) yield about 10.7%. When the ratio of ILs catalyst to FP (w/w) was 0.167, and the ratio of deionized water to FP (w/w) was 0.833, the TRS yield was up to 60.8% within 20 min at 100°C.

scholarly journals A Thermophilic GH5 Endoglucanase from Aspergillus fumigatus and Its Synergistic Hydrolysis of Mannan-Containing Polysaccharides

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Xinxi Gu ◽  
Haiqiang Lu ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Xiangchen Meng
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Polysaccharide Lyase ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In this study, we isolated and identified a thermophilic strain of Aspergillus fumigatus from the “Daqu” samples. Transcriptomic analysis of A. fumigatus identified 239 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy)-encoding genes, including 167 glycoside hydrolase (GH)-encoding genes, 58 glycosyltransferase (GT)-encoding genes, 2 polysaccharide lyase (PLs)-encoding genes and 12 carbohydrate esterase (CEs)-encoding genes, which indicates that the strain has a strong potential for application for enzyme production. Furthermore, we also identified a novel endoglucanase gene (AfCel5A), which was expressed in Pichia pastoris and characterized. The novel endoglucanase AfCel5A exhibited the highest hydrolytic activity against CMC-Na and the optimal activity at 80 °C and pH 4.0 and also showed good stability at pH 3.0–11.0 and below 70 °C. The Km and Vmax values of AfCel5 were 0.16 ± 0.05 mg·mL−1 and 7.23 ± 0.33 mol mg−1·min−1, respectively, using CMC-Na as a substrate. Further, the endoglucanase exhibited a high tolerance toward NaCl as well as glucose. In addition, the finding that the endoglucanase AfCel5A in combination with β-mannanse (ManBK) clearly increased the release of total reducing sugars of glucomannan by up to 74% is significant.

scholarly journals Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials for The Production of Second Generation Ethanol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Daniella Silva ◽  
João Pedro Cano ◽  
Fernanda Maria Pagane Guereschi Ernandes ◽  
Crispin Humberto Garcia-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Sugar Release ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Second Generation Ethanol

Abstract Brazil is one of the countries with the largest agricultural production in the world. Therefore, it is capable of generating large amounts of agro-industrial waste that can be used as biomass for the production of biofuels. Second generation ethanol is a renewable energy alternative, capable of replacing fossil fuels. Within this context, the objective of the present work was to study the effect of diluted acid hydrolysis in different types of lignocellulosic residues and the consequent production of 2G ethanol from these hydrolysates using different fermenting microorganisms. The acid concentration that released the highest content of fermentable sugars from the acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials was 5.0% of sulfuric acid and the contact time with the biomass was 15 min. while heating in autoclave. The material that showed the highest sugar release after acid hydrolysis was cassava residues, with 131.09 g.L− 1 of reducing sugars. The fermentations were carried out with microorganisms alone and also in consortium. The largest production of 2G ethanol was from the hydrolyzate of soybean hulls, of 47.70 g.L− 1 of ethanol by the consortium of Zymomonasmobilis and Candida tropicalis, during 8 h of fermentation and showed productivity of 5.96 g.L− 1.h− 1.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and the enzymatic hydrolysis of its biomass for the synthesis of third generation bioethanol

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Phour Dhull ◽  
Kshitiz Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The present study has been carried out with a view of evaluating a green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a potential candidate for the production of reducing sugars using an enzyme cocktail of multiple carbohydrates produced on site for the fermentation into bioethanol. The ability of C. pyrenoidosa to grow similarly fast on different carbon sources and light has been studied in Fog’s medium in heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures. The high cells densities of mixotrophic cultures demonstrated that the growth-stimulating effects of light and carbon utilization were better as compared to the effects of glucose in heterotrophic condition. Maximum biomass yield of 1.2 g/l was achieved with 1% Glucose and 0.2% KNO3 after 7 days of incubation at 28oC. The algal biomass was steam pretreated and hydrolyzed by a cocktail of multiple carbohydrases produced by solid state culture of a laboratory isolate belonging to Aspergillus sp. on wheat bran exhibiting the yields of 86, 35, 74, 1947, 61, 17000 and 1388 IU/g dry wheat bran for CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, mannanase, α-amylase and glucoamylase respectively. The enzyme cocktail worked well in the hydrolysis of algal biomass at 50oC and produced total reducing sugars amounting to 429 mg/g of dried biomass revealing carbohydrate conversion efficiency of 96% after 48 h of hydrolysis. The released sugars may be fermented using suitable yeast strains for the production of third generation bioethanol.

scholarly journals Effect of Combinative Pretreatments on Cellulose-to-Glucose Conversion of Empty Palm Fruit Bunch (EFB)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Yakindra Prasad Timilsena ◽  
Nicolas Brosse
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Step Counter ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
One Step ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Sugar Conversion

Various methods of pretreatments were investigated to their effect on cellulose to glucose conversion efficiency on enzymatic hydrolysis of a tropical agro-industrial waste residue (empty palm fruit bunch, EFB). Four different kinds of combinative pretreatments (autohydrolysis with and without naphthol, dilute acid prehydrolysis, soda prehydrolysis and enzymatic prehydrolysis) were tested for delignification during the first and the second steps of pretreatment. Each prehydrolysis step was seconded by the organosolv delignification with the same conditions of pretreatment. It was observed that all the combinative methods were far more efficient in delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis ability as compared to its one step counter parts. The combinative pretreatment method involving dilute acid prehydrolysis followed by organosolv delignification revealed the best result with respect to lignin removal and enzymatic hydrolysis. The resultant pulp contained very low Klason lignin (~5%) with high sugar conversion ratio (64% total reducing sugars). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.10613   J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 7 (81-85), 2012  

scholarly journals Optimized biotransformation of acid-treated water melon peel hydrolyzate into ethanol

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chaudhary ◽  
A. M. Akram ◽  
Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad ◽  
Z. Hussain ◽  
S. Zahra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Water Melon

Abstract Today, global focus of research is to explore the solution of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Like other agricultural countries, bulk quantities of watermelon peels (WMP) are disposed-off in environment as waste in Pakistan and appropriate management of this waste is the need of hour to save environment from pollution. The work emphasizes the role of ethanologenic yeasts to utilize significant sugars present in WMP for low-cost bioethanol fermentation. Dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of WMP was carried out on optimized conditions employing RSM (response surface methodology) following central composite design (CCD). This experimental design is based on optimization of ethanologenesis involving some key independent parameters such as WMP hydrolysate and synthetic media ratio (X1), incubation temperature (X2) and incubation temperature (X3) for maximal ethanol yield exploiting standard (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) as well as experimental (Metchnikowia cibodasensisY34) yeasts. The results revealed that maximal ethanol yields obtained from S. cerevisiae K7 was 0.36±0.02 g/g of reducing sugars whereas M. cibodasensisY34, yielded 0.40±0.01 g ethanol/g of reducing sugars. The yeast isolate M. cibodasensisY34 appeared as promising ethanologen and embodies prospective potential for fermentative valorization of WMP-to-bioethanol.

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