scholarly journals Fluid Flow in Cotton Textile: Effects of Wollastonite Nanosuspension and Aspergillus Niger Fungus

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Esmailpour ◽  
Hamid R. Taghiyari ◽  
Reza Majidi Najafabadi ◽  
Amin Kalantari ◽  
Antonios N. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
Fungus Mycelium

Aspergillus niger is a common contaminant in food industry, laboratories, and also a potential threat to biological works of art in museums. Cotton textiles have frequently been used in museums for canvas paintings. In the present project, the effect of Aspergillus niger on fluid flow rate of nanowollastonite-impregnated cotton textile specimens was investigated. Cotton specimens were impregnated with nanowollastonite (NW) suspension at four concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% to be further compared with control specimens. Results showed that fluid flow in cotton textile was as high as 361.3 cm3·s−1 due to its high porous structure and very low compactness of fibers (low density). Impregnation with NW did not have a significant effect on fluid flow in cotton textile. Exposure to Aspergillus niger increased fluid flow in control specimens as a result of deterioration of cotton fibers. Exposure of NW-impregnated specimens at concentrations more than 20% to Aspergillus niger did not have any significant effect on fluid flow. In control specimens, fungus mycelium penetrated deep into the texture of textile. However, in NW-impregnated specimens, the fungus could not penetrate into the texture and deteriorate the specimens. It was concluded that NW can be recommended for textile industry and also works of art as they protect cotton textiles against Aspergillus niger while, do not diminishi its dying and paintability properties.

Postwar Japanese Cotton Textile Investment in Brazil, 1955–1980

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-97
Author(s):  
Henri Delanghe
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
Intimate Knowledge ◽  
Second Wave

The literature suggests that cotton textiles should be unattractive for foreign direct investment (FDI). The product is largely undifferentiated; sellers need an intimate knowledge of local markets; and textiles use process technology, which multinational firms cannot monopolize. Indeed, since the 1970s, cotton textiles has been one of the few industries in Brazil in which local capital dominates, joint ventures prevail, and American firms are almost completely absent. Yet, between 1955 and the mid-1970s, Brazil saw significant foreign direct investment in textiles from Japanese firms. There were two successive waves of Japanese investment in the Brazilian cotton textile industry. The first ran from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. The second took place from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. Four Japanese textile firms participated in the first wave—Kanebo, Toyobo, Tsuzuki, and Unitika. Four more—Daiwa, Kurabo, Nisshinbo, and Omi—participated in the second wave.

scholarly journals Some Comments on the Cotton Cloth Consumption in Pakistan

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Munawar Iqbal Malik
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cotton Textiles

From the beginning, the cotton textile industry has been the keystone of Pakis¬tan's industrial development. In both the large scale (more than 1U employees) and the small scale sectors, cotton textiles is the single most important industry in terms of both the value of output and employment. Cotton textiles account for more than 15 percent of all exports and a much higher share of manufactured exports. While the importance of textiles has diminished with the spread of in¬dustrialization to other sectors, the predominance of textiles in manufacturing employment, value added and exports is likely to continue for some time. As Pakistan prepares to launch its Fifth Five-Year plan, it is useful to examine the growth prospects for the cotton textile industry. Having long ago replaced imports of cotton textiles by domestic production, Pakistan must now look to the expansion of foreign market for textiles or at least Pakistan's share in the market-and to the growth of the home market to absorb any planned growth in productive capacity. With the uncertainties in the world market, and especially the current recessionary slump in the developed economies the aftermath of which is likely to be felt for some time, especially in the form of new quantitative restrictions against textile and other manufactured imports coming from developing countries -the future growth in demand for Pakistan's exports is very problematic. Over the decade of the 1960's, textile exports grew in real terms by more than 20 percent per annum. From 1970 to 1974 the trend rate fell to less than 5 percent per annum with considerable fluctuations in the rate of increase from year to year. Of course, there always remains the possibility that Pakistan can expand her share of the foreign market sufficiently to offset any decline in world demand, but the existence of the country-specific quotas on textile products in many of the importing coun¬tries may prove a serious constraint in this regard.

A Note on the Consistency of Pakistan's Cotton-Cloth Statistics for Recent Years (Notes & Comments)

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-446
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Lewis, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cotton Textiles

This brief note is written in the hope that some further light can be shed on the cotton-textile situation in Pakistan, since available (and widely used)i data appear to be internally inconsistent. There seems to be a rather startling inconsistency among the data (for the 1960's) on production, exports, and domestic prices of cotton cloth, given reasonable assumptions about the income and price elasticity of demand. The most likely explanation for the inconsistency is that the cotton-textile production figures are currently being underestimated, and that the growth rate of cotton-textiles is also being underestimated. Since cotton textiles make up about one quarter of value added in large-scale manu¬facturing industries in Pakistan, the effect of a substantial understatement in the growth of the cotton-textile industry on the growth rate of manufacturing could be quite marked. There has been a very good performance rate in cotton-textile exports in the past several years, both with respect to the rate of increase in exports and the rising share of cotton-textile production that is exported. It is this very promising improvement in export performance that led to the questions raised here.

The Condition of England and the Standard of Living: Cotton Textiles in the Northwest, 1806–1850

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the workers' standard of living in the cotton textile industry of Northwest England from 1806 to 1850. Hedonic earnings regressions using 1835 data suggest that power-loom weavers required substantial compensation for the high rents and poor sanitation of urban locations. Adjusting earnings in the factory sector for the impact of urbanization cuts growth in living standards by 10 percent, or up to one-quarter of gains realized by 1850. Inclusion of those employed in the handloom sector implies that any improvements in the living standards of all workers in the industry appeared only during the 1840s.

Cotton Textile and Leather Exports: What Cost Foreign Exchange? (Notes & Comments)

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-342
Author(s):  
G. C. Hufbauer ◽  
Nayyara Aziz ◽  
Asghar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
The West ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
Economic Inquiry ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Department

The senior author has elsewhere argued [8] that foreign exchange earned by the export of West Pakistan-manufactured goods has a high domestic cost. Much the same contention has been advanced by Hecox [7], Islam [9] and MacEwan [11]. In these papers the relationship between costs and earnings is usually based on fairly abstract assumptions. The purpose of this note is to reduce the calculations to a "plain man" level. Specifically, we try to calculate how many rupees of indigenous resources are expended to earn each extra rupee of foreign exchange which is received from exporting cotton textiles and leather goods rather than their primary ingredients, namely raw cotton and hides and skins i. Since this note was written, the Board of Economic Inquiry, Lahore, at the request of the West Pakistan Planning and Development Department, has undertaken a wider study applying the same general approach used here.

The Overall Design of the Comber Drive Control System Drive control system design

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Drive Control ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Control Computer ◽  
Industrial Control Computer ◽  
Made In China

Objective: The cotton textile industry, as a competitive industry in China's international competition, is confronting new opportunities and challenges brought by the growing process of mechatronics. To further improve the traditional drive control of combing machines made in China and the automatic level of machines as a whole, some of our cotton textile enterprises have undertaken necessary technical transformations on the combing machines so as to raise the operational efficiency and production technology of domestic textile equipments. Methods: This paper focuses on the basic status and dynamic characteristics of the drive part of the domestic new comber, and analyzes the operation process of the comber and the prominent problems from the production practice. Results: The technically improved drive control system uses an industrial control computer (IPC) as the core of the system, which effectively improves the overall working efficiency of the comber, and improves the production accuracy and production efficiency. Conclusion: The combers that are textile machinery equipments with comprehensive application of machines, electricity, gases and instruments, play a vital role in enhancing product quality and production efficiency. Highly intelligent and integrated process control, real-time monitoring and accurate data acquisition and data analysis have become the mainstreams in the development of auto-control. Therefore, the commitment of high technology to transform the traditional production mode has also been an important research.

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