scholarly journals Protection of Chickens with Maternal Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) Immunity after Vaccination with a Recombinant AIV-Newcastle Disease Vector

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Magdalena Murr ◽  
Olayinka Asala ◽  
Axel Karger ◽  
Christian Grund ◽  
Thomas C. Mettenleiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Disease Vector

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and causes a systemic and highly lethal disease in poultry. Vaccination with recombinant Newcastle disease vector viruses (NDV) expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) of HPAIV H5N1 induces high antibody titers in chickens free of specific pathogens, conveying protection against a lethal infection with HPAIV H5N1. Protection of chickens possessing maternally derived NDV immunity was achieved after the replacement of the surface proteins of NDV, the fusion protein (F), and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN) against those of avian paramyxovirus serotype 8. However, maternal AIV antibodies (αAIV-MDA+) still interfere with vaccine virus replication, resulting in inefficient protection. For our study, recombinant rNDVsolH5_H5 was generated. The insertion of a transgene encoding a truncated soluble HA between the NDV phosphoprotein and matrix protein genes—in addition to the gene encoding a membrane-bound HA inserted between the NDV, F and HN of the lentogenic NDV Clone 30 —was expected to increase the total amount of HA expressed by the recombinant virus. Western blot and mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the increase in HA expression compared to the parental rNDVH5 expressing only the full-length HA. The protective efficacy of the newly generated recombinant NDV was tested in an animal experiment. αAIV-MDA+ chickens were vaccinated either 7, 14, or 21 days after hatching. A homologous challenge infection was carried out three weeks later. Although the youngest chickens showed the highest titer of αAIV-MDA, there were no AIV antibodies detectable 21 days after vaccination. However, 40% of vaccinated chickens were protected, while 85% and 100% protection was observed in the middle-aged and oldest chickens, which had low and no detectable levels of αAIV-MDA, and moderate and high AIV antibody levels after vaccination, respectively. Challenge infection of non-vaccinated chickens resulted in high mortality.

scholarly journals Protective efficacy of combined trivalent inactivated ISA 71 oil adjuvant vaccine against avian influenza virus subtypes (H9N2 and H5N1) and Newcastle disease virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1212-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Mohamed Ali ◽  
Mervat Abd El Monaem Hassan ◽  
Hussein Ali Hussein ◽  
Basem Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Abd El-Ghany El Sanousi
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Adjuvant Vaccine

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of a Novel Avian Influenza A (H2N9) Strain Isolated from Wild Duck in Korea in 2018

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon-Ju Yeo ◽  
Duc-Duong Than ◽  
Hong-Seog Park ◽  
Haan Woo Sung ◽  
Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Wild Duck

A novel avian influenza virus (A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018) (H2N9) was isolated from wild birds in South Korea in 2018, and phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted on complete gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) virus belonged to the Eurasian countries, whereas other internal genes (polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), PB2, nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase acidic protein (PA), matrix protein (M), and non-structural protein (NS)) belonged to the East Asian countries. A monobasic amino acid (PQIEPR/GLF) at the HA cleavage site, E627 in the PB2 gene, and no deletion of the stalk region in the NA gene indicated that the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) isolate was a typical low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI). Nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of HA revealed that the highest homology (98.34%) is to that of A/duck/Mongolia/482/2015 (H2N3), and amino acid sequence of NA was closely related to that of A/duck/Bangladesh/8987/2010 (H10N9) (96.45%). In contrast, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds of China or Japan in 2016–2018. The newly isolated A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) strain is the first reported avian influenza virus in Korea, and may have evolved from multiple genotypes in wild birds and ducks in Mongolia, China, and Japan.

scholarly journals Quantification of avian influenza virus in tissues of mute swans using TaqMan real time qRT-PCR

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rosenbergova ◽  
P. Lany ◽  
Z. Pospisil ◽  
O. Kubicek ◽  
V. Celer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mute Swans

This study reports on the first quantification of avian influenza virus in the organs of mute swans that died during the epizootic of avian influenza (H5N1) between January and April 2006 in the Czech Republic. The quantitative real-time Reverse Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) assay based on a TaqMan probe was developed for a rapid detection and quantification of avian influenza virus RNA in clinical samples collected from mute swans. Conserved regions in the matrix protein gene of avian influenza virus served as targets for the primers and TaqMan probe design. A recombinant plasmid containing the matrix protein gene amplicon was constructed for a quantitative assay of copy numbers of the target gene. Quantification of avian influenza virus RNA was accomplished using a standard curve generated from ten-fold serial dilutions of recombinant plasmid DNA in the range of 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>8</sup> copies/µl. Avian influenza virus A/Cygnus olor/Brno-cz/2006 was adapted to grow in VERO cells. In the same passage of cell cultivation, the concentration of viral RNA was determined to be 1.01 × 10<sup>7</sup> copies/ml and TCID<sub>50</sub> was 10<sup>4.2</sup>/ml. From these values the ratio of one RNA copy to 0.00157 virion capable of VERO cells infection was calculated. This ratio was used to estimate the virus concentrations in the tissues of dead mute swans.

scholarly journals Contributions of the Avian Influenza Virus HA, NA, and M2 Surface Proteins to the Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies and Protective Immunity

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 2408-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baibaswata Nayak ◽  
Sachin Kumar ◽  
Joshua M. DiNapoli ◽  
Anandan Paldurai ◽  
Daniel R. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Serum Antibodies

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 causes severe disease and mortality in poultry. Increased transmission of H5N1 HPAIV from birds to humans is a serious threat to public health. We evaluated the individual contributions of each of the three HPAIV surface proteins, namely, the hemagglutinin (HA), the neuraminidase (NA), and the M2 proteins, to the induction of HPAIV-neutralizing serum antibodies and protective immunity in chickens. Using reverse genetics, three recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (rNDVs) were engineered, each expressing the HA, NA, or M2 protein of H5N1 HPAIV. Chickens were immunized with NDVs expressing a single antigen (HA, NA, and M2), two antigens (HA+NA, HA+M2, and NA+M2), or three antigens (HA+NA+M2). Immunization with HA or NA induced high titers of HPAIV-neutralizing serum antibodies, with the response to HA being greater, thus identifying HA and NA as independent neutralization antigens. M2 did not induce a detectable neutralizing serum antibody response, and inclusion of M2 with HA or NA reduced the magnitude of the response. Immunization with HA alone or in combination with NA induced complete protection against HPAIV challenge. Immunization with NA alone or in combination with M2 did not prevent death following challenge, but extended the time period before death. Immunization with M2 alone had no effect on morbidity or mortality. Thus, there was no indication that M2 is immunogenic or protective. Furthermore, inclusion of NA in addition to HA in a vaccine preparation for chickens may not enhance the high level of protection provided by HA.

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