The Long Road to an Andean Catholic Clergy: From Solórzano to Pèlach I Feliú

The development of a native clergy in the Andes has long been called for but only recently achieved. Drawing from archival and ethnographic data, this article sets out how intercultural prejudice and discrimination have served to prevent the ordination of native Andeans. In the early colonial period, doubts about the authenticity of Andean conversion to Catholicism were rooted in mainstream Spanish skepticism of and disdain for Andean culture; in the modern day, these same prejudices continue, meaning it is only within the last fifty years that a native clergy has developed in the southern Andes, in the Peruvian diocese of Abancay, as the result of the concerted efforts of its second bishop. Today, Abancay boasts its first generation of native clergy, made up entirely of men who were born and raised in the diocese in which they now serve, and which promises a new, more empathetic institutional relationship between what it has historically meant to be Andean and what it has meant to be Catholic.

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European Visitors in Native Spaces: Using Paleography to Investigate Early Religious Dynamics in the New World

Latin American Antiquity ◽

10.7183/1045-6635.27.4.443 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 443-461

Author(s):

Alice V. M. Samson ◽

Jago Cooper ◽

Josué Caamaño-Dones

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

First Generation ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Handwriting Analysis ◽

Face To Face ◽

Early Colonial ◽

Direct Association ◽

European Colonization ◽

Isla De Mona ◽

The Caribbean

AbstractRecent archaeological fieldwork on Isla de Mona in the Caribbean has led to the discovery of a substantial corpus of early colonial inscriptions inside the darkzone of one of the 200 cave systems on the island. Cave 18, like multiple others on Isla de Mona, was a well-established indigenous spiritual realm in the centuries leading up to European colonization. Christian symbols, individual names, written dates, and Spanish and Latin religious commentaries are located in direct association with preexisting indigenous iconography and activities. This paper applies paleographic (handwriting) analysis to establish the authenticity, authorship, and chronology of the inscriptions and to interpret the nature of this early spiritual encounter. We conclude that these sixteenth-century inscriptions represent visits to the cave by first-generation Europeans, including Spanish royal officials in Puerto Rico, and reflect their reactions to native religious landscapes. The inscriptions on Isla de Mona capture personal, face-to-face encounters with native religion and represent Christian commentaries and reactions to indigenous spaces and worldview in the early colonial period.

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The Puzzle of the American Climate in the Early Colonial Period

The American Historical Review ◽

10.1086/ahr/87.5.1262 ◽

1982 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Colonial Period ◽

Early Colonial

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Majolica in the Early Colonial Andes: The Role of Panamanian Wares

Latin American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/971756 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 45-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ross W. Jamieson

Keyword(s):

Spanish Colonial ◽

Important Indicator ◽

The Andes ◽

Early Colonial ◽

The Pacific ◽

Elite Status ◽

Set Up ◽

The City ◽

Made In

As one of the most common artifact categories found on Spanish colonial sites, the wheel-made, tin-glazed pottery known as majolica is an important chronological and social indicator for archaeologists. Initially imported from Europe, several manufacturing centers for majolica were set up in the New World by the late sixteenth century. The study of colonial majolica in the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompassed much of South America, has received less attention than ceramic production and trade in the colonial Caribbean and Mesoamerica. Prior to 1650 the Viceroyalty of Peru was supplied with majolica largely produced in the city of Panama Vieja, on the Pacific. Panama Vieja majolica has been recovered from throughout the Andes, as far south as Argentina. Majolica made in Panama Vieja provides an important chronological indicator of early colonial archaeological contexts in the region. The reproduction of Iberian-style majolica for use on elite tables was symbolically important to the imposition of Spanish rule, and thus Panamanian majolicas also provide an important indicator of elite status on Andean colonial sites.

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Quaternary Glaciations in the Andes of North-Central Chile

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000013472 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 14 (70) ◽

pp. 155-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cesar N. Caviedes ◽

Roland Paskoff

Keyword(s):

Polar Front ◽

Southern Andes ◽

North Central ◽

Central Chile ◽

The Andes ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Quaternary Glaciations ◽

Chilean Andes

The extension of the Quaternary glaciations has been studied in the semi-arid Andes of north-central Chile, where the glacial modelling is striking. In the Elqui valley (lat. 30°S.), two glacial advances were identified reaching down to 3 100 m (Laguna glaciation) and 2 500 m (Tapado glaciation). In the Aconcagua valley (lat. 33°S.), moraines from three major glacial advances were found, at 2 800 m (Portillo glaciation), 1 600 m (Guardia Vieja glaciation) and 1 300 m (Salto del Soldado glaciation).The Quaternary glaciations were linked with a decrease of temperature, but more significantly with a marked increase of precipitation probably related to an equatorward shift of 5–6 degrees of the austral polar front. The results obtained in the semi-arid Chilean Andes are correlated with those recently reported from other sectors of the southern Andes.

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Childhood in the Early Colonial Period

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.54.1.71 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 71-73

Author(s):

Harry Bloch

Keyword(s):

Child Labor ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Child Life ◽

Massachusetts Bay ◽

African Slave ◽

Early Colonial ◽

Plymouth Colony ◽

Massachusetts Bay Colony ◽

The Great Migration ◽

Poor Children

A great deal has been written about the life, struggles, and accomplishments of pioneer men and women who crossed the ocean to build a new world in the wilderness; but infant and child life during early colonial days is largely hidden in obscurity. Little has been recorded.1 It is known that few children under the age of 7 survived in the crowded immigrant ships: falling into the sea, accidents, hunger, thirst, and sickness took its sad toll. Nevertheless, there were many young2-5: a third of the founders of Plymouth were children; Puritan youth were evident in the great migration to the Massachusetts Bay Colony; several cargoes of poor children and orphans from Dutch almshouses were "bound out" to the burghers of New Netherlands; children were frequently dispatched from England as indentured servants and apprentices; the London Company sent 100 children to Virginia in 1619, and 1,500, kidnapped from Ireland and England, in 1627; African slave children were shipped to the colonies after 1620; and the colonial mother6 bore many children, buried many, and often followed them to the grave at an early age. Fecundity,5 characteristic of early colonists, served to people a continent (the population was 2.5 million in 1776), and provided needed child labor. Over 50% of Plymouth colony consisted of children.7 Colonial children were viewed as miniature adults; and boys and girls were dressed alike until the age of 7.1,7,8 The infant1,7 wore a long linen smock; was covered with a woolen blanket; and a wooden or wicker cradle, hooded to protect from cold draughts, much like those in which Indian babies slept, was its bed.

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