child life
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Author(s):  
Ibragimova N.M.

This article is aimed at dealing with the artistic, aesthetic and genre originality of women's prose in Russia and Uzbekistan. The analysis revealed fascinating analogies and issues, in terms of  the formulation and resolution to the subject matter: "shattered  dreams", "paradise lost", the search for the meaning of life, "little man", faith and lack of faith, male infidelity and the fear of loneliness, "mother and child", "life and death", female destiny, etc.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hummel ◽  
Michaela Coenen ◽  
Varinka Voigt-Blaurock ◽  
Christoph Klein ◽  
Caroline Jung-Sievers

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Krankenhausaufenthalte können bei Kindern zu psychischen Belastungen führen, die in der Regelversorgung häufig nicht ausreichend adressiert werden. Ein neuer Ansatz ist es, spezialisierte psychosoziale Fachkräfte, sog. Child Life Specialists (CLS), in die klinische Versorgung einzubinden. CLS begleiten Kinder durch den Klinikalltag und können Belastungen durch gezielte Interventionen auffangen und das Wohlbefinden der PatientInnen fördern. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Effekte von CLS-Interventionen auf Angst, Schmerz und Stress von Kindern im klinischen Kontext zu analysieren. Methodik Es wurde eine systematische Literatursuche in den Datenbanken Medline, Embase und PsycINFO durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden in tabellarischer und graphischer Form dargestellt. Ergebnisse Es wurden vier randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs) eingeschlossen, die die Effekte von CLS-Interventionen bei 459 Kindern im Alter von 0–15 Jahren untersuchten. Eine signifikante Verbesserung der Zielkriterien wurde jeweils in mindestens einer Studie berichtet. Bei allen Studien ist von einem mittleren bis hohen Verzerrungsrisiko auszugehen. Schlussfolgerung In den eingeschlossenen RCTs werden positive Effekte von CLS-Interventionen auf Ergebnisvariablen psychischer Gesundheit von Kindern im klinischen Setting berichtet. Aufgrund der geringen Anzahl von Studien sowie deren Heterogenität und Qualität ist weitere Forschung notwendig.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
David Lysecki ◽  
Daryl Bainbridge ◽  
Tracy Akitt ◽  
Georgia Georgiou ◽  
Ralph M. Meyer ◽  
...  

30 Background: Up to 24% of adult oncology patients have minor children at home, who may experience negative short- and long-term health outcomes as a result. Typical support networks often fail to meet the needs of these families. To address this, an innovative Child Life Specialist (CLS) program was embedded within the psychosocial support team at a tertiary oncology center. The program provided direct consultation to families (adults and children) including guidance on talking with children, provision of resources, diagnostic teaching, end-of-life support, grief support, and emotional expression. Methods: To understand the feasibility of this program (including acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, adaptation, integration, expansion, and preliminary measures of impact), we collected 360-degree feedback from impacted stakeholders. At least two months following an encounter with the CLS, families were offered participation in a semi-structured interview (via purposive selection to capture multiple perspectives, including patients, non-patient parents/family members, and children aged 10-17). At the end of the pilot, two focus groups were held consisting of clinicians who engaged with the program. A thematic analysis was completed from the interview/focus group discussion transcripts. Results: 15 interviews were completed with adults (ten with patients, five with non-patient parents/other family members). Emergent themes were: Establishing comfort, Allaying parent apprehension, Coaching and reassurance, Value added, Integration, Impact of Covid-19, and Areas for development. In three interviews with children, the emergent themes were: Building rapport, Developmentally appropriate approaches, Understanding and managing emotions, Improving communication, and Areas for development. The first focus group included the CLS and two clinical leads of the psychosocial support team. Emergent themes from this discussion were: Promotion of the program, Accessibility, Role of social work, Impact of Covid-19, and Adopting a virtual approach. The second focus group consisted of three inpatient social workers, and the emergent themes were: Expertise, Accessibility, Allaying parent apprehension, Value added, Impact of Covid-19, and Areas for development. Synthesis of data identified five overall key themes: Awareness, Integration, Value added, Family-centered care, and Impact of Covid-19. Conclusions: This study conducted qualitative analysis of 360-degree feedback on the CLS pilot program. The analysis demonstrated that program was felt to add value, integrate well with current systems, and represent high-quality, family-centered care. This pilot occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic, the impacts of which were represented in this study.


2021 ◽  
pp. 57-81
Author(s):  
Giulia Perasso ◽  
Chiara Allegri ◽  
Gloria Camurati

Il gioco rappresenta un diritto fondamentale del bambino ed assume un ruolo cruciale du-rante l'esperienza dell'ospedalizzazione. Le figure del Child Play Specialist e del Child Life Specialist (riconosciute rispettivamente nel sistema sanitario del Regno Unito e degli Stati Uni-ti) forniscono programmi di gioco che normalizzino l'esperienza di ricovero del bambino e aiutino la familiarizzazione con il contesto medico. La presente rassegna persegue tre principali obiettivi: i. definire il ruolo dello specialista del gioco, la sua formazione, le tecniche implemen-tate, le aree di similitudine e differenza tra CPS e CLS; ii. esaminare l'evoluzione storica di questa professione; iii. indagare gli effetti dell'intervento dello specialista del gioco sulla salute bio-psico-sociale del paziente pediatrico. Di 613 fonti complessive (n=193 da Scopus, n=403 da Pubmed, n=17 da PsycInfo), 17 pubblicazioni sono state incluse, avendo applicato criteri inerenti lingua, tipologia di pubblicazione e pertinenza dei contenuti. Dalle fonti esaminate ri-sulta che: I. CLS e CPS presentano percorsi di training e tecniche simili. Emergono peculiarità di approccio diverse per CPS e CLS; II. Le esperienze pionieristiche di programmi di gioco in ospedale risalgono agli anni '20 con contributi significativi di Plank, Bergmann e Brooks; III. I principali effetti sulla salute infantile documentati sono il potenziamento del coping e la ridu-zione del ricorso a terapie farmacologiche per la gestione del dolore. Si evidenzia la necessità di un consenso internazionale sulla definizione del ruolo dello specialista del gioco, al fine di accrescere la ricerca empirica rispetto a tali professionisti della salute.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
David Lysecki ◽  
Daryl Bainbridge ◽  
Tracy Akitt ◽  
Georgia Georgiou ◽  
Ralph M. Meyer ◽  
...  

28 Background: Up to 24% of adult oncology patients have minor children at home. Children may experience emotional problems, somatic complaints, social isolation, depression, and post-traumatic stress as a result. Typical support networks often fail to meet the needs of these families. To address this gap, an innovative Child Life Specialist (CLS) program for patients with minor children at home was offered at a tertiary oncology center. Methods: To understand the feasibility of this program, we examined the demand for and implementation of the CLS program over its initial 10 months. Demand was characterized using administrative data (referred patient/family demographics, referral details, and disease/treatment characteristics). Implementation was described through encounter data (audience, type of visit, interventions provided, time for preparation, and time of direct interaction for each encounter). Results: The program received 100 referrals, 93 of whom accessed the program. Patients were most often female (66%) with a median age of 45 years (range: 19 to 72). 81% were parents of minor children, 10% grandparents, and 9% other. Families predominantly had multiple children (98%), most commonly school-aged (ages 5-9, 39%; 10-14, 37%). 53% of families had two birth parents co-parenting in the same household; the remainder had alternate parent/living scenarios. Most referrals came from social work (57%). Median time from diagnosis to referral was 79 days (range: 9d-6.5y). Breast cancer (26%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by gastrointestinal (19%) and hematologic (16%). Cancer phase at referral was defined as at new diagnosis (within 30d, 18%), undergoing treatment with curative intent (20%), undergoing treatment with palliative intent (39%), at end of life (within 30d, 16%) and after death/bereavement (5%). 1 patient (1%) did not have cancer. The CLS recorded 257 unique encounters. 55% of encounters included patients, 40% non-patient parents, 21% children, and 21% others. 75% were individual encounters, while 25% were group encounters. 95% of encounters that included children also included an adult. Phone calls were the most frequent encounter type (43%), but hospital visits consumed the largest proportion of recorded CLS time (38%). Mean encounter time (all visit types) included 20min for preparation and 51min of direct interaction. CLS interventions included: guidance on talking with children (67% of encounters), providing resources (37%), diagnostic teaching (21%), end-of-life support (18%), discussing change in status (10%), grief (8%), and emotional expression (4%). Conclusions: This study characterized the demand for this program and described its implementation over the pilot period. This period occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic, which dramatically altered healthcare and family visitation, likely influencing the results of this study.


2021 ◽  
pp. 175045892110057
Author(s):  
Sarah Brown ◽  
Phillipa Cordner ◽  
Kelly A Weir ◽  
Tawanda Machingura

Background Children and their caregivers often experience anxiety related to a perioperative admission. A systematic scoping review was conducted to map the evidence for child life therapy, including the professional background of treating clinicians. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. Six databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched. Results After reviewing 578 titles and abstracts, and 55 full texts, 11 studies were retained. Included studies were randomised controlled trials ( n = 5), retrospective studies ( n = 3), descriptive studies ( n = 1) and clinical studies ( n = 2). Child life therapy was effective for anxiety, anaesthetic induction quality, child cooperation and parental satisfaction. Professions delivering interventions included Child Life Therapists, nurses and a multidisciplinary team. Conclusion There is emerging evidence for child life therapy which may be used to guide delivery of paediatric procedural support in perioperative settings. Further studies are needed to inform practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Páll ◽  
Erzsébet Gorove ◽  
Ildikó Baji

Bevezetés: A gyermekek kórházi kezelése során nyújtott pszichés támogatás és gyermekbarát ellátás mind a hazai, mind a nemzetközi kutatásokban kiemelt jelentőséggel bír. Külföldi kórházak gyermekgyógyászati osztályán és ambulanciáján child life specialist szakember segít a gyermekeknek és családoknak megbirkózni a kórházi ellátás, a betegség és a fogyatékosság kihívásaival. Célkitűzés: A vizsgálat során a magyarországi gyermekellátás során nyújtott pszichés felkészítést és támogatást vizsgáltuk szülői vélemények alapján. Célunk volt továbbá, hogy megismerjük a gyermekápolók véleményét és tevékenységeit a gyermekek pszichés felkészítésével és támogatásával kapcsolatban. További célunk volt a kutatás eredményeinek tükrében, hogy bizonyítsuk a már nemzetközileg elterjedt és bizonyítottan pozitív hatású ellátási rendszer magyarországi adaptációjának szükségességét. Módszer: A Magyar Egészségügyi Szakdolgozói Kamara gyermekápolási tagozatának tagjai, és kórházban kezelt gyermekek szüleinek körében végzett online, kvantitatív, kérdőíves felmérés eredményeinek deskriptív és többváltozós elemzése. Eredmények: A kérdőíveket 566 szülő és 361 gyermekápoló töltötte ki. Az ápolói és szülői vélemények a gyermekek pszichés felkészítéséről és támogatásáról eltérőek, az ápolók sokkal jobbra értékelték ezen tevékenységek megvalósulását. A szülői vélemények szerint a gyermekek felkészítése kevés esetben történik meg, a gyermekbarát ellátásra vonatkozó értékelésüket nagyban befolyásolta a felkészítés gyakorisága. Következtetés: A child life specialist szakemberek munkájára a magyarországi gyermekellátási rendszerben is szükség van, ezért fontos lenne ezen szakma magyarországi adaptációjának kidolgozása, mely magában foglalja az ellátási struktúrába való elhelyezést, illetve a kapcsolódó kompetenciák megszerzésének oktatási szintjeit.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caron Mills

The child's right to participate is a fundamental right outlined in the UN convention on the rights of the child. Canada signed and ratified this convention in 1991. Through secondary literature and the author's personal experience this paper explores the child's right to participate in the context of canadian pediatric medicine. In particular, this paper examines if and how a child is encouraged to participate in their health care, and which members of the health care team facilitate this participation. The paper also outlines a number of factors that limit or enhance child participation. Recommendations and next steps are included in the paper with the purpose of enhancing the quality and amount of participation that is offered to pediatric patients within hospital settings. One recommendation that is developed and discussed is the increased role of the child life profession as a tool for enabling child participation.


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