scholarly journals Religious Crisis as an Independent Causal Predictor of Psychological Distress: Understanding the Unique Role of the Numinous for Intrapsychic Functioning

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Fox ◽  
Ralph L. Piedmont
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Clinical Impairment ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Religious Crisis

Religious and spiritual (R/S) struggles are tensions or conflicts one experiences in relationship to what is considered sacred or transcendent. In this study, we tested competing causal models of psychological distress as it relates to personality and R/S struggle using structural equation modeling. The study sample consisted of 226 (72.0%) females and 88 (28.0%) males (n = 314) drawn from the Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) worker population. We found that though the five-factor model (FFM) of personality was a robust predictor of psychological distress, the R/S struggle added significant, incremental predictiveness. SEM analyses supported our contention that R/S struggle may represent a new, causal pathway of psychological distress that is independent from the FFM. Our findings are taken as evidence that R/S struggles require unique ways of conceptualizing their causal impact on clinical impairment and that psychological interventions need to systematically address numinous constructs in order to ensure that all aspects of emotional dysphoria are considered and their influences treated.

Examining the quantitative determinants of organizational performance: evidence from China

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ramudu Bhanugopan ◽  
Pamela Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation And Technology

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the determinants of organizational performance (OP) of business enterprises located in China and to explore how individual demographic and organizational characteristics affect OP. Design/methodology/approach – This study applies quantitative methods to examine the OP. Data were collected from 405 managers across 306 organizations in China. Findings – The study finds that, overall, OP is related to five factors, namely, finance and customer, internal business, work satisfaction, pay and benefits and innovation and technology (INT). The results from this study provide new perspectives and support the overall validity of the nomological network of OP factors. The findings also provide guidelines on which perspectives of performance organizations should be enhanced. Practical implications – The five-factor model of OP provides benefit to any organization or individual who intends to examine OP in China. In addition, the findings suggest that organizations should explore ways to enforce their performance. The findings also inform organizational decision makers about practices for performance improvement. Originality/value – The present study was undertaken to advance understanding of OP in China in several ways. The most significant element of this study was the five-factor performance model generated from the structural equation modeling analysis. The results from MANOVA highlight the potential impact of organization theory on how demographic and organizational variables influence OP in China.

Intimate Partner Violence and Psychological Distress Among Young Couples: The Role of the Pattern of Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-562
Author(s):  
Josette Sader ◽  
Camille Roy ◽  
Stéphane Guay
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sem Analyses

The objective of this study was to assess whether the psychological distress of young men and women involved in intimate partner violence (IPV) is predicted by their reported role in the pattern of violence. Dyadic structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were performed on a sample of 205 young couples, controlling for income, cohabitation, children, and the length of the relationship. Findings revealed that the most common reported pattern of IPV was mutual in nature. Reported bidirectional violence within the couple was related to distress for both sexes. The couple’s income and the length of their relationship were negatively associated with psychological distress, namely for young women. Findings point to the importance of considering therapy in a couple-context.

scholarly journals Perfectionism and Burnout During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Two-Wave Cross-Lagged Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Spagnoli ◽  
Carmela Buono ◽  
Liliya Scafuri Kovalchuk ◽  
Gennaro Cordasco ◽  
Anna Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aims at examining the relationship between the perfectionism two-factor model (i.e., concerns and strivings) and burnout dimensions measured by using the BAT (Burnout Assessment Tool) through a longitudinal study. A two-wave cross-lagged study was conducted using path analysis in SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) of 191 workers. Results confirmed the predictive role of perfectionistic concerns on the burnout dimensions, whereas perfectionistic strivings were not significantly related, suggesting that perfectionism should be monitored by employers and clinicians to prevent employee burnout. Limitations and future research directions are envisaged.

Development and validation of an instrument measuring core job characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-385
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Tsigilis ◽  
Athanasios Koustelios
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Job Diagnostic Survey

Purpose Much of prior research focused on the dimensionality of the part of Job Diagnostic Survey that measures the core job characteristics, with mixed findings. The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate an instrument assessing core job characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Public school teachers (n=685) serving in elementary and secondary schools filled in the Core Job Characteristics Inventory (CJCI). CJCI comprises 29 items to assess job autonomy, task significance, task identification, skill variety and feedback from the job. The development of the CJCI undergone the following stages: development of an initial pool of items, examination of its content validity by ten experts and a pilot study. Findings Exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors with satisfactory internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis showed mixed results. Application of exploratory structural equation modeling procedures revealed that a correlated five-factor model yielded an adequate fit to the data. Associations among the five work features were significant, positive and yielding moderate values. Correlations among the five-core job characteristics and two affective job responses (job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion) provided evidence of CJCI concurrent validity. Practical implications Human resources managers can use CJCI to measure core job characteristics or to evaluate interventions in the work places. Originality/value A new instrument was developed to measure core job characteristics, and to address previous shortcomings reported in the literature. The rigorous methodological procedure, which followed for the development of the CJCI combined with a cross-validation approach best guarantees its applicability.

An Exploratory Study of Meta-Factors of Expert Witness Persuasion

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Cramer ◽  
Caroline Titcomb Parrott ◽  
Brett O. Gardner ◽  
Caroline H. Stroud ◽  
Marcus T. Boccaccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Juror Perceptions ◽  
Witness Credibility ◽  
Capital Murder ◽  
Murder Trial

The present study integrates mock juror perceptions of witness credibility (i.e., Confidence, Trustworthiness, Likeability, and Knowledge), efficacy (i.e., Poise and Communication Style), and personality (i.e., the Five-Factor Model) of an expert witness in order to evaluate meta-factors or simplified structures of witness persuasion. Across two studies, mock jurors watched videotaped expert testimony about risk for future violence during the sentencing phase of a capital murder trial. Participants subsequently rated the expert on measures of credibility, efficacy, and personality, as well as various legal decisions. Study I (n = 314) factor-analytic results yielded two meta-factors of expert witness testimony, with a confirmed structure in Study II (n = 324): Character and Efficacy. Character was comprised of all four credibility subscales, as well as Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Efficacy was represented by Poise, Communication Style, Confidence (which cross-loaded), and Extraversion. In Study II structural equation modeling also showed that perceived Character, but not Efficacy, was associated with sentencing recommendations directly and indirectly via attribution of perpetrator blame. Two meta-factors offering evaluation of character traits and behavioral performance appear supported by the present study. Implications for expert witness credibility and blame attributions theories are discussed.

Evaluating hotel guest technologies: does home matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2327-2342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Beldona ◽  
Zvi Schwartz ◽  
Xian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Luxury Hotels ◽  
Technological Unit ◽  
Hotel Service ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
At Home

PurposeWith the advent of the smart home, where connectivity is facilitated by the internet of things, the provision of guest technologies in hotel service delivery has acquired greater significance. This ubiquity of technology implies that hotels need to view their technological offerings as facilitating guest’s broader lifestyles, and not just services in isolated spaces. This study aims to examine the role of “home” as a socio-technological unit, and how customers’ ownership of technologies at home affects evaluations of guest technologies at hotels.Design/methodology/approachData are collected from a sample of US lodging consumers using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Partial least squares, which is a component-based structural equation modeling technique with SmartPLS 3.2, is used to test the hypotheses and meet the study’s objectives.FindingsThe findings show that hotel guest technologies should be of a higher standard than those at home, for guests to be satisfied with them. This relationship was robust across all hotel types, and both leisure and business visitation. Also, satisfaction with guest technologies has a relatively stronger impact on customer satisfaction in mid-scale and economy hotels compared to that in upscale and luxury hotels.Research limitations/implicationsBy empirically validating “home” as a frame of reference in the evaluations of hospitality experiences, it opens up the potential for future research to study how home affects the evaluation of the hospitality experience as a whole.Practical implicationsHotels need to identify viable technologies that have the potential to become mainstream, and be ahead of customers in the technology adoption curve.Originality/valueThis study is the first to look at home as a conceptual entity that is integral to hospitality using a socio-psychological lens, and evaluates its impact on evaluations of guest technologies at hotels.

Some stay the same: Personality change after treatment for eating disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S555-S555
Author(s):  
J. Levallius ◽  
W. Mu ◽  
C. Norring ◽  
D. Clinton ◽  
B. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Domain Level

IntroductionStrong evidence establishes a close relationship between personality traits and mental illness; where personality can be said to influences the likelihood, severity and longevity of a mental disorder. Personality is usually seen as fixed, yet there is a growing body of evidence for the changeability of personality, though this has rarely been studied in relation to mental disorders.ObjectiveTo study the longitudinal interplay between personality and eating disorders (EDs), particularly the associations between personality, recovery and treatment modality.AimsTo investigate changes in the five domains and thirty lower-level facets of personality in non-underweight EDs, and its associations to intervention and outcome.MethodsTwo hundred and nine adults with EDs enrolled either in a four-month multimodal psychodynamic group-therapy (DAY) or four-six month internet-based supported cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT). ED diagnosis and personality (by the five-factor model) were assessed at baseline, termination and 6-month follow up. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze domain-level development, and reliable change (RCI) for facet-level development.ResultsRemission rate at end of treatment was 71% in DAY and 55% in iCBT. Over time, Neuroticism decreased significantly while Extraversion, Openness and Conscientiousness increased (P < 0.01). Treatment and outcome had little influence on domain-level change. At the facet-level, 28% of patients reliably changed in any given facet, and there were several differences in pattern based on treatment and outcome.ConclusionsThis study lends support for the possibility of personality change and its relevance for recovery from EDs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Understanding an Effect of Technology Between the Relationships of the Five-Factor Model and Sales Performance Technology as a Moderating Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
Litinthong Kimixay ◽  
Liu Cheng ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Lidinthong Kathid
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Performance Technology ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Z Transformation

Over the past decades, numerous experts have been investigated the correlation among distinct personality traits and job performance. However, relatively less attention was paid examining the significance of technological tools in sales management, especially in developing countries. This article explores the relationship among the five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits and sales performance (SP) with a moderating role of the technology. To this end, structural equation modeling and Fisher's Z transformation analysis were employed to analyze the hypotheses. The findings revealed that extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and emotional stability traits are positively correlated to SP. In contrast, agreeableness is not highly correlated with SP relatively than the remainder traits. Additionally, results revealed the significant effect of technology as a moderator which strengthens the association of FFM and SP. This study proposes diverse managerial implications and future directions for practitioners and academicians across the nations.

scholarly journals The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Psychological Distress among Adolescents: Les Directives canadiennes en matière de mouvement sur 24 heures et la détresse psychologique chez les adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372097086
Author(s):  
Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga ◽  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Gary S. Goldfield ◽  
Ian Janssen ◽  
JianLi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status

Objective: The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommend at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, 2 hours or less of recreational screen time per day, and 9 to 11 hours of sleep per night for 5 to 13 years old and 8 to 10 hours per night for 14 to 17 years old. This study examined the association between meeting these guidelines and psychological distress among adolescents. Methods: The present cross-sectional sample included 6,364 students aged 11 to 20 years from the 2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. This provincially representative school-based survey is based on a 2-stage cluster design. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was first conducted to confirm the factor structure of the K6, and structural equation modeling adjusted for age, sex, ethnoracial background, subjective socioeconomic status, and body mass index z-score was used to investigate the association between meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and K6 factors among adolescents. Results: The CFA demonstrated that a 2-factor model (representing anxiety and depressive symptoms) of the K6 fit the data well. The anxiety and depression items demonstrated a composite reliability (Cronbach’s α) of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Compared to meeting none of the recommendations, meeting all 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.076; P = 0.028) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.067; P = 0.028). Meeting the screen time + sleep duration recommendations had the strongest association with anxiety (β = −0.157; P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.139; P < 0.001), followed by meeting the sleep duration recommendation only for both anxiety (β = −0.135; P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.106; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents, and these associations appear mainly driven by meeting the sleep duration recommendation.

scholarly journals The Latent-Variable Structure of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine L Connolly ◽  
Stephen C Bowden ◽  
Leonie C Simpson ◽  
Malcolm Horne ◽  
Sarah McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Chc Theory ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

Abstract Objectives To establish a theoretically justified factor structure for the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Methods Our sample comprised 288 patients with Parkinson’s disease (179 men and 109 women). The mean age of participants was 66.66 (SD = 8.93). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the test developers’ five-factor model of the ACE-R, and alternative models as guided by the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was also employed to examine alternative factor structures to ensure that a good candidate model was not overlooked. Results A three-factor CHC-guided CFA and a similar three-factor ESEM model both showed acceptable overall fit, and interpretable factor structures. The three-factor CFA model showed two factors of pure CHC constructs: acquired knowledge (Gc), and visuospatial ability (Gv), and one combined factor, namely, long-term memory retrieval, fluency, and working memory (Glr-Gsm). The three-factor ESEM model showed three factors essentially in line with the CFA results. Conclusion The three-factor CHC-guided CFA model was selected as the best model to guide clinical interpretation of cognitive variables underlying ACE-R scores.

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