scholarly journals Ritual and Thought: Spirituality and Method in Philosophy of Religion

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
William L. Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Maurice Blondel ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Spontaneous Action ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Embodied Engagement

This paper outlines a strain of French Spiritualism, a philosophical tradition extending from Maine de Biran, Félix Ravaisson, and Jules Lachelier to their reception in the work of Maurice Blondel and his protégé Henry Duméry. In receiving and transforming this tradition, Blondel and Duméry have helped to provide a distinct philosophical paradigm in philosophy of religion, capable of providing insight into the spiritual nature of the human being, both in how spirituality relates to the advanced stages of religious culture in addition to its primitive presence in spontaneous action. As a tradition consecrated to the study of human consciousness, and the operations of the mind [l’esprit], the French spiritualist tradition provides a rich conceptual matrix for analyzing the nature of human thinking and its relationship to action. In such an analysis of human thought, Maurice Blondel set up a moral psychology and metaphysical anthropology, highlighting how the consciousness of the human being is linked to the objective order of existence, both in its material form and in the intelligible realities behind the nature of existence. This philosophical matrix helps to show how religious practices, through embodied engagement with the material world, are effective at generating a consciousness of metaphysical or transcendent realities. As such, this philosophical paradigm provides the means for constructing a theory of ritual, where ritual acts with symbols and signs may be rendered intelligible as the sensible means for the cognitive expression of spiritual activity.

Descartes’ Daydream and the Mind-Body Problem

1998 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Peter Schuller
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Levels Of Reality ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Universe

After exhorting us to wake up from our ‘daydreaming’ and revolutionize our modality of thought to that of conceptualization, Descartes seems to forget about this crucial matter of a discontinuous leap. So, too, it seems has the profession generally and this has infected philosophical research and teaching. It is urged here that discontinuous processes are crucial in the universe, in human life, in human thinking. Such ontological events cannot be handled by dualism, materialism or postmodernism. Concentration on such discontinuous processes is urged, an alternative is briefly indicated, and a criterion for ordering levels of human levels of reality is offered. It follows in the line of Cantor and Marx. It is suggested that a human being is a transfinite entity and that such an entity has many levels of being, among which are cognitive processes, imaginative processes and physical processes. A person is ‘not other than’ these without being ‘nothing but’ any of these.

Psychoanalysis and the Existentialist Mind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Webber
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Radical Freedom ◽  
The Mind

This chapter argues that existentialism is not fundamentally antagonistic to Freudian psychoanalysis, as is often claimed, but rather aims to provide better articulations and explanations of the phenomena that Freud identified than Freud himself achieved. It distinguishes two forms of existentialist psychoanalysis, grounded in the two distinct existentialist theories of human being and psychological functioning identified in previous chapters: a Beauvoirian form based on project sedimentation and a Sartrean form based on radical freedom. It argues that both forms make a more radical break with the Cartesian conceptualization of the mind than Freud achieved, but that the Sartrean form still retains a vestige of Cartesianism that the Beauvoirian form eliminates.

God and his imaginary friends: a Hassidic metaphysics

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL LEBENS
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind

AbstractWhat happens when you assume that the world is a dream in the mind of God, or that the world's history is a story that God is spinning? Focusing on the role that this assumption plays in the thought of Rabbi Mordechai Yosef Leiner (1801–1854), at least as it is understood by Rabbi Herzl Hefter, I argue that this assumption generates interesting solutions to old riddles in the philosophy of religion and interesting insights into the nature of religious language.

The Place of Myth in Philosophy

Philosophy ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 11 (42) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
W. R. Inge
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Creative Imagination ◽  
The Real ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Fact ◽  
The Mind

My subject is the place of myth in philosophy, not in religion. If I were dealing with the philosophy of religion, I should, of course, have much to say on the place of myth in theology; and what I have to say may have some bearing on this subject; but I am not dealing with particular dogmas of Christianity or of any other religion. My thesis is that when the mind communes with the world of values its natural and inevitable language is the language of poetry, symbol, and myth. And, further, that philosophy has to deal with a number of irreducible surds which cannot be rationalized. They must be accepted as given material for reason to work upon. For example, we do not know why there is a world; we cannot unify the world of what we call facts and the world of values; there are antinomies in space and time which do not seem to disappear when we put a hyphen between them. Our reason–some would say reason itself— has reached its limits. We are driven to mythologize, confessing that we have left the realm of scientific fact. We give rein to the imagination, not exactly claiming with Wordsworth that it is reason in her most exalted mood, but hoping that the creative imagination may reveal to us some of the real meaning of questions which we cannot answer.

scholarly journals Gainful game, set-up, cyberworld

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Eldred
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
Essential Nature ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Set Up

There is a critique of capitalist market economy that consists in claiming not only that capitalist social relations are uncaring and alienating, nor only exploitative of the working class, but that the process of capitalist economy as a whole is a way of living, today globalized, that has gotten out of hand. Its essential nature is unmasked as a senseless circular movement that, besides ruthlessly exploiting natural resources, demeans human being itself and alienates it from the historical alternative of a purportedly authentic mode of human being rooted in collective, solidaric subjectivity. The present article offers an alternative hermeneutic cast for understanding capitalism as the gainful game that can serve as philosophical orientation in fighting for a free and fair social interplay in which the powers and abilities of free individuals are appropriately and reciprocally estimated and esteemed. This requires, first and foremost, seeing through the fetishisms inherent in the valorization of reified value that the mature Marx identified in his critiques of political economy as the essential nature of capitalism. Such critical insight is necessary for orientation also in today’s predicament of the ever more encroaching and ensnaring cyberworld.

scholarly journals Performance-based Social Comparisons in Humans and Long-tailed Macaques

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-350
Author(s):  
Stefanie Keupp ◽  
Farhan Abedin ◽  
Lena Jeanson ◽  
Carolin Kade ◽  
Josefine Kalbitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Foraging Task

Social comparisons are a fundamental feature of human thinking and affect self-evaluations and task performance. Little is known about the evolutionary origins of social comparison processes, however. Previous studies that investigated performance-based social comparisons in nonhuman primates yielded mixed results. We report three experiments that aimed (a) to explore how the task type may contribute to performance in monkeys, and (b) how a competitive set-up affects monkeys compared to humans. In a co-action touchscreen task, monkeys were neither influenced by nor interested in the performance of the partner. This may indicate that the experimental set-up was not sufficiently relevant to trigger social comparisons. In a novel co-action foraging task, monkeys increased their feeding speed in competitive and co-active conditions, but not in relation to the degree of competition. In an analogue of the foraging task, human participants were affected by partner performance and experimental context, indicating that the task is suitable to elicit social comparisons in humans. Our studies indicate that specifics of task and experimental setting are relevant to draw the monkeys’ attention to a co-actor and that, in line with previous research, a competitive element was crucial. We highlight the need to explore what constitutes “relevant” social comparison situations for monkeys as well as nonhuman animals in general, and point out factors that we think are crucial in this respect (e.g., task type, physical closeness, and the species’ ecology). We discuss that early forms of social comparisons evolved in purely competitive environments with increasing social tolerance and cooperative motivations allowing for more fine-grained processing of social information. Competition driven effects on task performance might constitute the foundation for the more elaborate social comparison processes found in humans, which may involve context-dependent information processing and metacognitive monitoring.

scholarly journals The Possibility of a Scientific Approach to Analytic Theology

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 178-198
Author(s):  
Andrew Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The University ◽  
Independent Reality

A question that is often asked of analytic theologians is: what, if anything, distinguishes analytic theology from philosophy of religion? In this essay, I consider two approaches to what is called “analytic theology.” I argue that the first approach, which I associate with the common practice of analytic theology in the university, is very difficult to distinguish consistently from philosophy of religion. I also argue, however, that there is another approach that can be more clearly distinguished from philosophy of religion (generally understood). Following Aquinas, I associate this with a scientific approach to analytic theology: an approach that is distinguished by a specific commitment to understanding the mind-independent reality of God and all things in relation to God. The primary aim of this essay is to present an account of this latter approach and ask whether it might be possible to take such an approach in the contemporary university.

scholarly journals CHITTA PARIKARMA OF YOGA DARSHANA AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE AYURVEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2411-2414
Author(s):  
Ashwini A. Nimbal ◽  
Anand Katti ◽  
Akshar Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
True Love ◽  
The Mind

Patanjali’s Yoga Darshana deals with the Chitta Parikarma as certain sublime attitudes to imbibe and to incul- cate in life. The Parikarmas are described as Maitri, Karuna, Harsha, Upeksha with Sukhi, Dukhi, Punyatma, Papatma respectively. These are four elements of true love and are the four immeasurable virtues, helps to calm the mind in a troubled and complicated world. Ayurveda is the science of life aimed at developing the physical, mental, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual levels of the human being and it states that health is the root cause for the attainment of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. Both Ayurveda and Yoga Darshana consider Moksha as the highest goal of life as both Ayurveda and Yoga Darshana has been evolved from the same source, the Veda. Both are practical and applied sciences and are said to be contemporary, the Yoga chiefly deals with the removal of psychological Vedanas and attainment of salvation, while Ayurveda is more concerned with physical and mental ailments. To achieve the goals of both Yoga Darshana and Ayurveda, the Chitta Parkarmas of Yoga Darshanaplays a very important role as these are the ways to keep the mind happy and calm hence the Ayurveda explained these Chitta Parikarmas under Sadvritta and while explaining the qualities of a physician. Keywords: Yoga Darshana, Chitta Parikarma, Vaidya Vrutti, Ayurveda

scholarly journals Una perspectiva de género: a la intersubjetividad, la conciencia encarnada y la corporalidad / A Gender Perspective: a Intersubjectivity, Embodied Consciousness and Corporeality

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Flores
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
Complex Thought ◽  
Embodied Consciousness ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Mind

ABSTRACTThis essay is part of a reflection whose purpose is to discuss and clarify some points and tensions around gender issues from the perspective of embodied consciousness, corporeality and temporality. The texts to be discussed for this purpose are the authors Edgar Morin: Introduction to Complex Thought (1994) and The Mind Sorted Bien (2001); Jacques Luc Nancy, Community DOA (2000) and Merleau-Ponty (1975) Phenomenology of Perception, authors who have allowed a glimpse of new theoretical contributions to gender. The challenge arises from the Philosophical Anthropology is trying to understand the “human phenomenon”, from a metaphysical perspective, according to this conception, the human being is the result of what he does to himself in his relationship with nature. To start this reflection, it is necessary to recognize that it arises from the Phenomenology, which is also considered a philosophy for which the world is always “already there” before reflection as an inalienable presence and allows to account for the space, time and "lived" world. Hurssel the theorist who founded this movement says: I'm not the result or crosslinking of the many coincidences that determine my body or my “psyche” but rather, all I know the world, I know from a prospect or mine experience the world without which the symbols of science would not want to say anything. (Husserl, 1913, p. 369-370)RESUMENEl presente ensayo es parte de una reflexión cuyo propósito es discutir y dilucidar algunos puntos de encuentro y tensiones en torno a la temática de género desde la perspectiva de la conciencia encarnada, la corporalidad y la temporalidad. Los textos que serán abordados para este objetivo son de los autores Edgar Morin: Introducción al Pensamiento Complejo (1994) y La Mente Bien Ordenada (2001); Jacques Luc Nancy, Comunidad Inoperante (2000) y Merlau-Ponty (1975) Fenomenología de la Percepción, autores que han permitido vislumbrar nuevos aportes teóricos al tema de género. El desafío que surge desde la Antropología Filosófica es tratar de entender el “fenómeno humano”, desde una perspectiva metafísica, según esta concepción el ser humano es el resultado de lo que hace consigo mismo en su relación con la naturaleza. Para iniciar esta reflexión, se hace necesario reconocer que ésta surge desde la Fenomenología, la que también es considerada una filosofía, para la cual el mundo está siempre “ya ahí”, antes de la reflexión como una presencia inalienable y que permite dar cuenta del espacio, del tiempo y del mundo “vividos”. Hurssel el teórico que funda este movimiento afirma que: no soy el resultado o entrecruzamiento de las múltiples casualidades que determinan mi cuerpo o mi “psiquismo” sino más bien, todo lo que sé del mundo, lo sé a partir de una perspectiva mía o de una experiencia del mundo sin la cual los símbolos de la ciencia no querrían decir nada. (Husserl, 1913. p. 369-370).

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MR. WILLY WONKA THAT SET UP THE STAGES OF THE GOLDEN TICKET CHILDREN IN ROALD DAHL'S CHARLIE AND CHOCOLATE FACTORY

Lexicon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bawono Sudewo ◽  
Aris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Present Writer ◽  
Know How ◽  
Good Action ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Chocolate Factory ◽  
The Mind

The goal of this graduating paper is to know how the unconsciousness minds and habits linking to each other. It discusses the mind that triggers characters behavior in the Charlie and Chocolate Factory. The writer focuses on the children who get the golden tickets and the owner of the Chocolate Factory (Mr. Willy Wonka).According to Willbur S Scott with his Psychoanalysis Theory on Fictitious Characters, he stated that we can look further about the pattern which motivates the character to express something. It helps the present writer to analyze deeper, by identifying the showed which were done by the children in Roald Dahl’s Charlie and Chocolate Factory.After carying out the research, it shows that their (the five lucky children and Mr. Willy Wonka) subconscious mind triggers bad action which expelled the children from the chocolate factory and good action which made Charlie the champion.

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