Wind Gust Detection and Impact Prediction for Wind Turbines

We refute statements in “Zhou, K., et al. Wind gust detection and impact prediction for wind turbines. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 514.” the impracticality of motion estimation methods to derive two-component vector wind fields from single scanning aerosol lidar data. Our assertion is supported by recently published results on the performance of two image-based motion estimation methods: cross-correlation (CC) and wavelet-based optical flow (WOF). The characteristics and performances of CC and WOF are compared with those of a two-dimensional variational (2D-VAR) method that was applied to radial velocity fields from a single scanning Doppler lidar. The algorithmic aspects of WOF and 2D-VAR are reviewed and we conclude that these two approaches are in fact similar and practical.

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Exploiting Bidirectional Power Flow Control to Capture Wind Gust Power in Small and Medium Wind Turbines

10.1049/icp.2021.1352 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B. M. Gavgani ◽

T. Staessens ◽

J. V. Damme ◽

J. D. M. De Kooning ◽

D. Bozalakov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Control ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Power Flow ◽

Wind Gust ◽

Power Flow Control ◽

Bidirectional Power Flow

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Characterizing wind gusts in complex terrain

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-19-3797-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 3797-3819 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Frederick Letson ◽

Rebecca J. Barthelmie ◽

Weifei Hu ◽

Sara C. Pryor

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbines ◽

Complex Terrain ◽

Probability Distributions ◽

Wind Loading ◽

Wind Gust ◽

Wind Gusts ◽

Sonic Anemometers ◽

Vertical Displacements ◽

Structural Loading ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract. Wind gusts are a key driver of aerodynamic loading, especially for tall structures such a bridges and wind turbines. However, gust characteristics in complex terrain are not well understood and common approximations used to describe wind gust behavior may not be appropriate at heights relevant to wind turbines and other structures. Data collected in the Perdigão experiment are analyzed herein to provide a foundation for improved wind gust characterization and process-level understanding of flow intermittency in complex terrain. High-resolution observations from sonic anemometers and vertically pointing Doppler lidars are used to conduct a detailed study of gust characteristics with a specific focus on the parent distributions of nine gust parameters (that describe velocity, time, and length scales), their joint distributions, height variation, and coherence in the vertical and horizontal planes. Best-fit distributional forms for varying gust properties show good agreement with those from previous experiments in moderately complex terrain but generate nonconservative estimates of the gust properties that are of key importance to structural loading. Probability distributions of gust magnitude derived from vertically pointing Doppler lidars exhibit good agreement with estimates from sonic anemometers despite differences arising from volumetric averaging and the terrain complexity. Wind speed coherence functions during gusty periods (which are important to structural wind loading) are similar to less complex sites for small vertical displacements (10 to 40 m), but do not exhibit an exponential form for larger horizontal displacements (800 to 1500 m).

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Pitch Control for Anticipation in the Measurement of Wind Speed for Small Wind Turbines Installed in Areas With Atypical Winds

Volume 12: Wind Energy ◽

10.1115/gt2020-16122 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽

Alfredo Chavez-Luna ◽

Juan-Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽

Mario Trejo-Perea ◽

Roberto-Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽

Response Times ◽

Response Speed ◽

Longitudinal Axis ◽

Wind Gust ◽

Angle Of Incidence ◽

Different Response

Abstract The production of electricity by renewable means is necessary to meet the growing energy demand and to protect the environment. Wind energy is an alternative, however, in places with a limited wind resource only the installation of small horizontal Axis wind turbines (SHAWT) is profitable. At rotor height, in this size of turbines, the wind is usually unstable with gusts and turbulence due to obstacles in its path such as buildings and trees. To reduce the effects of wind, the angle of incidence of the blade with the wind must be adaptable to guarantee the nominal rotation speed. The pitch angle is the angle of blade rotation around the longitudinal axis is commonly regulated with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) feedback controller, which works correctly when the wind is stable, but not when the wind presents drastic changes in speed, as a faster response speed is required. To correct this problem, this article presents a PID controller with automatic adjustment of the gain values and offering different response times for which a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used. The membership functions of the FLC are determined from the measurement of the wind speed at a calculated distance, so it is possible to anticipate the response of the actuator to the arrival of a wind gust to the rotor. The algorithm is implemented in 14 kW SHAWT where the difference of performance versus a conventional controller is quantified.

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Harvesting wind gust energy with small and medium wind turbines using a bidirectional control strategy

The Journal of Engineering ◽

10.1049/joe.2018.8182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (17) ◽

pp. 4261-4266 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milad Sajadi ◽

Jeroen D. M. De Kooning ◽

Lieven Vandevelde ◽

Guillaume Crevecoeur

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbines ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Wind Gust

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Characterizing Wind Gusts in Complex Terrain

10.5194/acp-2018-906 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Frederick Letson ◽

Rebecca J. Barthelmie ◽

Weifei Hu ◽

Sara C. Pryor

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbines ◽

Complex Terrain ◽

Probability Distributions ◽

Wind Loading ◽

Wind Gust ◽

Wind Gusts ◽

Sonic Anemometers ◽

Vertical Displacements ◽

Structural Loading ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract. Wind gusts are a key driver of aerodynamic loading, especially for tall structures such a bridges and wind turbines. However, gust characteristics in complex terrain are not well understood and common approximations used to describe wind gust behavior may not be appropriate at heights relevant to wind turbines and other structures. Data collected in the Perdigão experiment are analyzed herein to provide a foundation for improved wind gust characterization and process-level understanding of flow intermittency in complex terrain. High-resolution observations from sonic anemometers and vertically pointing Doppler lidars are used to conduct a detailed study of gust characteristics with a specific focus on the parent distributions of nine gust parameters (that describe velocity, time and length scales), their joint distributions, height variation and coherence in the vertical and horizontal planes. Best-fit distributional forms for varying gust properties show good agreement with those from previous experiments in moderately complex terrain but generate non-conservative estimates of the gust properties that are of key importance to structural loading. Probability distributions of gust magnitude derived from vertical pointing Doppler lidars exhibit good agreement with estimates from sonic anemometers despite differences arising from volumetric averaging and the terrain complexity. Wind speed coherence functions during gusty periods (which are important to structural wind loading) are similar to less complex sites for small vertical displacements (10 to 40 m), but do not exhibit an exponential form for larger horizontal displacements (800 to 1500 m).

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Distortion of radio wave signals by wind turbines

Journal of the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers ◽

10.1049/jiere.1988.0061 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 58 (6S) ◽

pp. S224

Author(s):

J.H. Causebrook

Keyword(s):

Radio Wave ◽

Wind Turbines

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Development of the algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system

Power and Autonomous equipment ◽

10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-1-8-16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 8-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. A. Khlyupin ◽

G. N. Ispulaeva

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbines ◽

Power Supply ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Power Supply System ◽

Supply System ◽

Power Generators ◽

Energy Devices ◽

Wind Generator ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

Selection Of

Introduction: The co-authors provide an overview of the main types of wind turbines and power generators installed into wind energy devices, as well as advanced technological solutions. The co-authors have identified the principal strengths and weaknesses of existing wind power generators, if applied as alternative energy sources. The co-authors have proven the need to develop an algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system in the course of designing windmill farms in Russia. Methods: The co-authors have analyzed several types of wind turbines and power generators. Results and discussions: The algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system is presented as a first approximation. Conclusion: The emerging algorithm enables designers to develop an effective wind generator-based autonomous power supply system.

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