scholarly journals Evaluation of the ERA5 Sea Surface Skin Temperature with Remotely-Sensed Shipborne Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingkun Luo ◽  
Peter J. Minnett
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Surface Skin Temperature ◽  
Ocean Forecasting ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites

Sea surface temperature is very important in weather and ocean forecasting, and studying the ocean, atmosphere and climate system. Measuring the sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) with infrared radiometers onboard earth observation satellites and shipboard instruments is a mature subject spanning several decades. Reanalysis model output SSTskin, such as from the newly released ERA5, is very widely used and has been applied for monitoring climate change, weather prediction research, and other commercial applications. The ERA5 output SSTskin data must be rigorously evaluated to meet the stringent accuracy requirements for climate research. This study aims to estimate the accuracy of the ERA5 SSTskin fields and provide an associated error estimate by using measurements from accurate shipboard infrared radiometers: the Marine-Atmosphere Emitted Radiance Interferometers (M-AERIs). Overall, the ERA5 SSTskin has high correlation with ship-based radiometric measurements, with an average difference of~0.2 K with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.993. Parts of the discrepancies are related to dust aerosols and variability in air-sea temperature differences. The downward radiative flux due to dust aerosols leads to significant SSTskin differences for ERA5. The SSTskin differences are greater with the large, positive air–sea temperature differences. This study provides suggestions for the applicability of ERA5 SSTskin fields in a selection of research applications.

scholarly journals Toward Improved Validation of Satellite Sea Surface Skin Temperature Measurements for Climate Research

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Donlon ◽  
P. J. Minnett ◽  
C. Gentemann ◽  
T. J. Nightingale ◽  
I. J. Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
Surface Skin Temperature

scholarly journals Global clear-sky surface skin temperature from multiple satellites using a single-channel algorithm with viewing zenith angle correction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Scarino ◽  
Patrick Minnis ◽  
Thad Chee ◽  
Kristopher M. Bedka ◽  
Christopher R. Yost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Geo Satellite ◽  
Surface Skin Temperature

Abstract. Surface skin temperature (Ts) is an important parameter for characterizing the energy exchange at the ground/water-atmosphere interface. The Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) employs a single-channel thermal-infrared- (TIR-) method to retrieve Ts over clear-sky land and ocean surfaces from data taken by geostationary-Earth orbit (GEO) satellite and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite imagers. GEO satellites can provide somewhat continuous estimates of Ts over the diurnal cycle in non-polar regions, while polar Ts retrievals from LEO imagers, such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) can complement the GEO measurements. The combined global coverage of remotely sensed Ts, along with accompanying cloud and surface radiation parameters, produced in near-real time and from historical satellite data, should be beneficial for both weather and climate applications. For example, near-real-time hourly Ts observations can be assimilated in high-temporal resolution numerical weather prediction models and historical observations can be used for validation or assimilation of climate models. Key drawbacks to the utility of TIR-derived Ts, data include the limitation to clear-sky conditions, the reliance on a particular set of analyses/reanalyses necessary for atmospheric corrections, and the dependence on viewing angle. Therefore, Ts validation with established references is essential, as is proper evaluation of Ts sensitivity to atmospheric correction source. This article presents improvements on the NASA Langley GEO satellite and AVHRR TIR-based Ts product, derived using a single-channel technique. The resulting clear-sky skin temperature values are validated with surface references and independent satellite products. Furthermore, an empirical means of correcting for the viewing-angle dependency of satellite land surface temperature (LST) is explained and validated. Application of a daytime nadir-normalization model yields improved accuracy and precision of GOES-13 LST relative to independent Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MYD11_L2) LST and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program/NOAA ESRL Surface Radiation network ground stations. These corrections serve as a basis for a means to improve satellite-based LST accuracy, thereby leading to better monitoring and utilization of the data. The immediate availability and broad coverage of these skin temperature observations should prove valuable to modelers and climate researchers looking for improved forecasts and better understanding of the global climate model.

Study on Model of the Sea Surface Skin Temperature and Bulk Sea Surface Temperature in Northern Region of South China Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1101001
Author(s):  
张建 ZHANG Jian ◽  
郝三峰 HAO San-feng ◽  
宋庆君 SONG Qing-jun ◽  
赵俍骁 ZHAO Liang-xiao ◽  
安飞 AN Fei
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
South China ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Surface Skin Temperature

scholarly journals Comparisons of Shipboard Infrared Sea Surface Skin Temperature Measurements from the CIRIMS and the M-AERI

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Branch ◽  
A. T. Jessup ◽  
P. J. Minnett ◽  
E. L. Key
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Skin Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deployment Time ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract Extensive comparisons are made of the infrared sea surface skin temperature Tskin measured by the Calibrated Infrared In situ Measurement System (CIRIMS) and the Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI). Data were collected from four separate deployments on the NOAA research vessel (R/V) Ronald H. Brown and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Polar Sea over a wide range of latitudes and environmental conditions. The deployment time totaled roughly 6 months over a 4-yr period and resulted in over 7000 comparison values. The mean offset between the two instruments showed that CIRIMS consistently measured a lower temperature than the M-AERI, but by less than 0.10°C. This mean offset was found to be dependent upon sky condition, wind speed, and ship roll, which implies the offset is likely due to uncertainty in the emissivity. The CIRIMS Tskin was recomputed using two alterative emissivity values, one based on emissivity measured by the M-AERI and the other based on a wind-speed-dependent model. In both cases, the recomputation of the CIRIMS Tskin significantly reduced the mean offset. The overall standard deviation between the M-AERI and CIRIMS Tskin was 0.16°C, did not significantly depend on environmental conditions, and was within the expected values of instrument and comparison uncertainties. These comparisons demonstrate the success of CIRIMS in achieving good agreement with the M-AERI over a wide range of conditions. The results also highlight the importance of the sea surface emissivity when measuring the ocean surface skin temperature.

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