scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Distribution Analysis of Industrial Heat Sources in the US with Geocoded, Tree-Based, Large-Scale Clustering

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Caihong Ma ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Yuzhu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Data Clustering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Long Time Series ◽  
Long Time

Heavy industrial burning contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is responsible for almost one-quarter of the global energy-related CO2 emissions and its share continues to grow. Mostly, those industrial emissions are accompanied by a great deal of high-temperature heat emissions from the combustion of carbon-based fuels by steel, petrochemical, or cement plants. Fortunately, these industrial heat emission sources treated as thermal anomalies can be detected by satellite-borne sensors in a quantitive way. However, most of the dominant remote sensing-based fire detection methods barely work well for heavy industrial heat source discernment. Although the object-oriented approach, especially the data clustering-based approach, has guided a novel method of detection, it is still limited by the costly computation and storage resources. Furthermore, when scaling to a national, or even global, long time-series detection, it is greatly challenged by the tremendous computation introduced by the incredible large-scale data clustering of tens of millions of high-dimensional fire data points. Therefore, we proposed an improved parallel identification method with geocoded, task-tree-based, large-scale clustering for the spatial-temporal distribution analysis of industrial heat emitters across the United States from long time-series active Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data. A recursive k-means clustering method is introduced to gradually segment and cluster industrial heat objects. Furthermore, in order to avoid the blindness caused by random cluster center initialization, the time series VIIRS hotspots data are spatially pre-grouped into GeoSOT-encoded grid tasks which are also treated as initial clustering objects. In addition, some grouped parallel clustering strategy together with geocoding-aware task tree scheduling is adopted to sufficiently exploit parallelism and performance optimization. Then, the spatial-temporal distribution pattern and its changing trend of industrial heat emitters across the United States are analyzed with the identified industrial heat sources. Eventually, the performance experiment also demonstrated the efficiency and encouraging scalability of this approach.

scholarly journals The construction of a Central Netherlands temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. van der Schrier ◽  
A. van Ulden ◽  
G. J. van Oldenborgh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Temperature Series ◽  
Homogeneity Analysis ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Long Time Series ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
Long Time

Abstract. The Central Netherlands Temperature (CNT) is a monthly daily mean temperature series constructed from homogenised time series from the centre of the Netherlands. The purpose of this series is to offer a homogeneous time series representative of a larger area to study large-scale temperature changes. It will also facilitate a comparison with climate models, which resolve similar scales. From 1906 onwards, temperature measurements in the Netherlands have been sufficiently standardised to construct a high-quality series. Long time series have been constructed by merging nearby stations, using the overlap to calibrate the differences. These long time series and a few time series of only a few decades in length, have been subjected to a homogeneity analysis in which significant breaks and artificial trends have been corrected. Many of the detected breaks correspond to changes in the observations that are documented in the station metadata. This version of the CNT, to which we attach the version number 1.1, is constructed as the unweighted average of four stations (De Bilt, Winterswijk/Hupsel, Oudenbosch/Gilze-Rijen and Gemert/Volkel) with the stations Eindhoven and Deelen added from 1951 and 1958 respectively onwards.

Consumption Inequality over the Last Half Century: Some Evidence Using the New PSID Consumption Measure

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orazio Attanasio ◽  
Luigi Pistaferri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Imputation Procedure

This paper contributes to the debate regarding trends in consumption inequality in the United States. We present a new measure of consumption inequality based on the redesigned 1999-2011 PSID. We impute consumption to the families observed before 1999 using the more comprehensive consumption data available from 1999 onward. One advantage of this procedure is in sample verification of the quality of the imputation procedure; another is that it yields a long time series (1967-2010). Consumption inequality was stable in the 1970s, as was income inequality. It increased significantly after 1980. The Great Recession was associated with a decline in consumption inequality.

scholarly journals The legacy of large dams in the United States

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Di Baldassarre ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Maria Rusca
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
Large Dams ◽  
Increase Water Consumption

AbstractThe sustainability of large dams has been questioned on several grounds. One aspect that has been less explored is that the development of dams and reservoirs often enables agricultural expansion and urban growth, which in turn increase water consumption. As such, dam development influences, while being influenced by, the spatial and temporal distribution of both supply and demand of water resources. In this paper, we explore the interplay between large dams, patterns of population growth and agricultural expansion in the United States over the past two centuries. Based on a large-scale analysis of spatial and temporal trends, we identify three distinct phases, in which different processes dominated the interplay. Then, we focus on agricultural water use in the Southwest region (Arizona, California and Nevada) and explore chicken-and-egg dynamics where water supply partly meets and partly fuels water demand. Lastly, we show that the legacy of dams in the United States consists of a lock-in condition characterized by high levels of water consumption, especially in the Southwest, which leads to severe water crises and groundwater overexploitation when droughts occur.

scholarly journals The construction of a Central Netherlands temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. van der Schrier ◽  
A. van Ulden ◽  
G. J. van Oldenborgh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Homogeneity Analysis ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Long Time Series ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
Long Time

Abstract. The Central Netherlands Temperature (CNT) is a monthly daily mean temperature series constructed from homogenized time series from the centre of the Netherlands. The purpose of this series is to offer a homogeneous time series representative of a larger area in order to study large-scale temperature changes. It will also facilitate a comparison with climate models, which resolve similar scales. From 1906 onwards, temperature measurements in the Netherlands have been sufficiently standardized to construct a high-quality series. Long time series have been constructed by merging nearby stations and using the overlap to calibrate the differences. These long time series and a few time series of only a few decades in length have been subjected to a homogeneity analysis in which significant breaks and artificial trends have been corrected. Many of the detected breaks correspond to changes in the observations that are documented in the station metadata. This version of the CNT, to which we attach the version number 1.1, is constructed as the unweighted average of four stations (De Bilt, Winterswijk/Hupsel, Oudenbosch/Gilze-Rijen and Gemert/Volkel) with the stations Eindhoven and Deelen added from 1951 and 1958 onwards, respectively. The global gridded datasets used for detecting and attributing climate change are based on raw observational data. Although some homogeneity adjustments are made, these are not based on knowledge of local circumstances but only on statistical evidence. Despite this handicap, and the fact that these datasets use grid boxes that are far larger then the area associated with that of the Central Netherlands Temperature, the temperature interpolated to the CNT region shows a warming trend that is broadly consistent with the CNT trend in all of these datasets. The actual trends differ from the CNT trend up to 30 %, which highlights the need to base future global gridded temperature datasets on homogenized time series.

scholarly journals Relationship between Precipitation in the Great Plains of the United States and Global SSTs: Insights from the IPCC AR4 Models

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2941-2958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Capotondi ◽  
Michael A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Time Series ◽  
South America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Ipcc Ar4

Abstract Multicentury preindustrial control simulations from six of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) models are used to examine the relationship between low-frequency precipitation variations in the Great Plains (GP) region of the United States and global sea surface temperatures (SSTs). This study builds on previous work performed with atmospheric models forced by observed SSTs during the twentieth century and extends it to a coupled model context and longer time series. The climate models used in this study reproduce the precipitation climatology over the United States reasonably well, with maximum precipitation occurring in early summer, as observed. The modeled precipitation time series exhibit negative “decadal” anomalies, identified using a 5-yr running mean, of amplitude comparable to that of the twentieth-century droughts. It is found that low-frequency anomalies over the GP are part of a large-scale pattern of precipitation variations, characterized by anomalies of the same sign as in the GP region over Europe and southern South America and anomalies of opposite sign over northern South America, India, and Australia. The large-scale pattern of the precipitation anomalies is associated with global-scale atmospheric circulation changes; during wet periods in the GP, geopotential heights are raised in the tropics and high latitudes and lowered in the midlatitudes in most models, with the midlatitude jets displaced toward the equator in both hemispheres. Statistically significant correlations are found between the decadal precipitation anomalies in the GP region and tropical Pacific SSTs in all the models. The influence of other oceans (Indian and tropical and North Atlantic), which previous studies have identified as potentially important, appears to be model dependent.

scholarly journals Uncertainty-Aware Multiple Instance Learning from Large-Scale Long Time Series Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuansheng Zhu ◽  
Weishi Shi ◽  
Deep Shankar Pandey ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xiaofan Que ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Multiple Instance Learning ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Time Series ◽  
Long Time

scholarly journals Weapons turnover in the civil law of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
I.P. Hrybachova ◽  
Y.A. Shevtsov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Media ◽  
European Standards

Now days Ukrainian legislation is at the stage of active reformation in order to modernize It and adapt it to European standards. The changes affected all branches of law, including civil law. Now, such changes are mainly related to issues of intellectual property, land ownership, legal personality of persons and a number of procedural issues. In many areas of society, there is a partial liberalization of processes, including, both from the state and from the population, there are more and more proposals for the introduction of things that were previously completely or partially restricted in circulation. That is why, against the background of large-scale reforms, the issue of legalizing weapons for the population has become quite resonant. The issue of weapons has always been of interest to Ukrainians. there have been numerous discussions in the media, public discussions in society and even in political circles. Proponents of gun liberalization say this will allow everyone to protect themselves, their families and their property. They also often refer to the success of legalization in the United States and European countries, such as Finland, Germany, Estonia, Italy, and others [14]. However, there are a large number of opponents of the legalization of weapons, who explain their position by saying that weapons are too dangerous to be owned by everyone. The article is devoted to the analysis current legislation which is regulate the law aspects of weapons, the necessity legalization of weapons, the research of related problems and ways of their solution. Therefore, it is very important to explore the prospect of legalizing weapons in order to understand how this is possible and really necessary in Ukraine today. In addition, it is very appropriate to investigate the legal aspect of civil arms trafficking, because for a long time, the legislation has not changed or been updated, so there is a real necessity to strengthen control over civilian weapon trafficking.

Quality Control of Data in a Large-Scale Cancer Register Program

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Lourie ◽  
W. Haenszeland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
End Results

Quality control of data collected in the United States by the Cancer End Results Program utilizing punchcards prepared by participating registries in accordance with a Uniform Punchcard Code is discussed. Existing arrangements decentralize responsibility for editing and related data processing to the local registries with centralization of tabulating and statistical services in the End Results Section, National Cancer Institute. The most recent deck of punchcards represented over 600,000 cancer patients; approximately 50,000 newly diagnosed cases are added annually.Mechanical editing and inspection of punchcards and field audits are the principal tools for quality control. Mechanical editing of the punchcards includes testing for blank entries and detection of in-admissable or inconsistent codes. Highly improbable codes are subjected to special scrutiny. Field audits include the drawing of a 1-10 percent random sample of punchcards submitted by a registry; the charts are .then reabstracted and recoded by a NCI staff member and differences between the punchcard and the results of independent review are noted.

Utopias of One

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kotin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The Soviet Union

This book is a new account of utopian writing. It examines how eight writers—Henry David Thoreau, W. E. B. Du Bois, Osip and Nadezhda Mandel'shtam, Anna Akhmatova, Wallace Stevens, Ezra Pound, and J. H. Prynne—construct utopias of one within and against modernity's two large-scale attempts to harmonize individual and collective interests: liberalism and communism. The book begins in the United States between the buildup to the Civil War and the end of Jim Crow; continues in the Soviet Union between Stalinism and the late Soviet period; and concludes in England and the United States between World War I and the end of the Cold War. In this way it captures how writers from disparate geopolitical contexts resist state and normative power to construct perfect worlds—for themselves alone. The book contributes to debates about literature and politics, presenting innovative arguments about aesthetic difficulty, personal autonomy, and complicity and dissent. It models a new approach to transnational and comparative scholarship, combining original research in English and Russian to illuminate more than a century and a half of literary and political history.

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