scholarly journals Key Enabling Technologies for Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Primiceri ◽  
Maria Chiriacò ◽  
Francesca Notarangelo ◽  
Antonio Crocamo ◽  
Diego Ardissino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Common People ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

A major trend in biomedical engineering is the development of reliable, self-contained point-of-care (POC) devices for diagnostics and in-field assays. The new generation of such platforms increasingly addresses the clinical and environmental needs. Moreover, they are becoming more and more integrated with everyday objects, such as smartphones, and their spread among unskilled common people, has the power to improve the quality of life, both in the developed world and in low-resource settings. The future success of these tools will depend on the integration of the relevant key enabling technologies on an industrial scale (microfluidics with microelectronics, highly sensitive detection methods and low-cost materials for easy-to-use tools). Here, recent advances and perspectives will be reviewed across the large spectrum of their applications.

scholarly journals Rapid and Sensitive Detection of miRNA Based on AC Electrokinetic Capacitive Sensing for Point-of-Care Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3985
Author(s):  
Nan Wan ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Jiamei Huang ◽  
Rania Oueslati ◽  
Shigetoshi Eda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Capacitive Sensing ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Mirna Detection ◽  
Mirna 25 ◽  
Low Sensitivity

A sensitive and efficient method for microRNAs (miRNAs) detection is strongly desired by clinicians and, in recent years, the search for such a method has drawn much attention. There has been significant interest in using miRNA as biomarkers for multiple diseases and conditions in clinical diagnostics. Presently, most miRNA detection methods suffer from drawbacks, e.g., low sensitivity, long assay time, expensive equipment, trained personnel, or unsuitability for point-of-care. New methodologies are needed to overcome these limitations to allow rapid, sensitive, low-cost, easy-to-use, and portable methods for miRNA detection at the point of care. In this work, to overcome these shortcomings, we integrated capacitive sensing and alternating current electrokinetic effects to detect specific miRNA-16b molecules, as a model, with the limit of detection reaching 1.0 femto molar (fM) levels. The specificity of the sensor was verified by testing miRNA-25, which has the same length as miRNA-16b. The sensor we developed demonstrated significant improvements in sensitivity, response time and cost over other miRNA detection methods, and has application potential at point-of-care.

scholarly journals Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high-performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehe Liu ◽  
Andrew M. Rollins ◽  
Richard M. Levenson ◽  
Farzad Fereidouni ◽  
Michael W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Optical Configuration ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSmartphone microscopes can be useful tools for a broad range of imaging applications. This manuscript demonstrates the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone. It enables high-quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10× equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable, and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive Detection of Campylobacter spp. in Chicken Meat using a Silica Nanoparticle Enhanced Dot Blot DNA Biosensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Vizzini ◽  
Marisa Manzano ◽  
Carole Farre ◽  
Thierry Meylheuc ◽  
Carole Chaix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Silica Nanoparticle ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Dna Biosensors ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Probe ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractPaper-based DNA biosensors are powerful tools in point-of-care diagnostics since they are affordable, portable, user-friendly, rapid and robust. However, their sensitivity is not always as high as required to enable DNA quantification. To improve the response of standard dot blots, we have applied a new enhancement strategy that increases the sensitivity of assays based on the use of biotinylated silica-nanoparticles (biotin-Si-NPs). After immobilization of a genomic Campylobacter DNA onto a paper membrane, and addition of a biotinylated-DNA detection probe, hybridization was evidenced using streptavidin-conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of luminol and H2O2. Replacement of the single biotin by the biotin-Si-NPs boosted on average a 30 fold chemiluminescent read-out of the biosensor. Characterization of biotin-Si-NPs onto a paper with immobilized DNA was done using a scanning electron microscope. A limit of detection of 3 pg/μL of DNA, similar to the available qPCR kits, is achieved, but it is cheaper, easier and avoids inhibition of DNA polymerase by molecules from the food matrices. We demonstrated that the new dot blot coupled to biotin-Si-NPs successfully detected Campylobacter from naturally contaminated chicken meat, without needing a PCR step. Hence, such an enhanced dot blot paves the path to the development of a portable and multiplex paper based platform for point-of-care screening of chicken carcasses for Campylobacter.Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Electrochemical DNA Detection Methods to Measure Circulating Tumour DNA for Enhanced Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cancer

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Bukola Attoye ◽  
Matthew Baker ◽  
Chantevy Pou ◽  
Fiona Thomson ◽  
Damion K. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Electrochemical Approach ◽  
Label Free Detection

Liquid biopsies are becoming increasingly important as a potential replacement for existing biopsy procedures which can be invasive, painful and compromised by tumour heterogeneity. This paper reports a simple electrochemical approach tailored towards point-of-care cancer detection and treatment monitoring from biofluids using a label-free detection strategy. The mutations under test were the KRAS G12D and G13D mutations, which are both important in the development and progression of many human cancers and which have a presence that correlates with poor outcomes. These common circulating tumour markers were investigated in clinical samples and amplified by standard and specialist PCR methodologies for subsequent electrochemical detection. Following pre-treatment of the sensor to present a clean surface, DNA probes developed specifically for detection of the KRAS G12D and G13D mutations were immobilized onto low-cost carbon electrodes using diazonium chemistry and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide coupling. Following the functionalisation of the sensor, it was possible to sensitively and specifically detect a mutant KRAS G13D PCR product against a background of wild-type KRAS DNA from the representative cancer sample. Our findings give rise to the basis of a simple and very low-cost system for measuring ctDNA biomarkers in patient samples. The current time to result of the system was 3.5 h with considerable scope for optimisation, and it already compares favourably to the UK National Health Service biopsy service where patients can wait weeks for their result. This paper reports the technical developments we made in the production of consistent carbon surfaces for functionalisation, assay performance data for KRAS G13D and detection of PCR amplicons under ambient conditions.

scholarly journals Cytokine and Cancer Biomarkers Detection: The Dawn of Electrochemical Paper-Based Biosensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wei Loo ◽  
Tze-Sian Pui
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Sensing Platforms

Although the established ELISA-based sensing platforms have many benefits, the importance of cytokine and cancer biomarkers detection for point-of-care diagnostics has propelled the search for more specific, sensitive, simple, accessible, yet economical sensor. Paper-based biosensor holds promise for future in-situ applications and can provide rapid analysis and data without the need to conduct in a laboratory. Electrochemical detection plays a vital role in interpreting results obtained from qualitative assessment to quantitative determination. In this review, various factors affecting the design of an electrochemical paper-based biosensor are highlighted and discussed in depth. Different detection methods, along with the latest development in utilizing them in cytokine and cancer biomarkers detection, are reviewed. Lastly, the fabrication of portable electrochemical paper-based biosensor is ideal in deliberating positive societal implications in developing countries with limited resources and accessibility to healthcare services.

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