scholarly journals Slicing on the Road: Enabling the Automotive Vertical through 5G Network Softwarization

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Campolo ◽  
Ramon Fontes ◽  
Antonella Molinaro ◽  
Christian Esteve  Rothenberg ◽  
Antonio Iera
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
The Road ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
5G Systems ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Real Time Data Processing ◽  
Multi Access

The demanding requirements of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) applications, such as ultra-low latency, high-bandwidth, highly-reliable communication, intensive computation and near-real time data processing, raise outstanding challenges and opportunities for fifth generation (5G) systems. By allowing an operator to flexibly provide dedicated logical networks with (virtualized) functionalities over a common physical infrastructure, network slicing candidates itself as a prominent solution to support V2X over upcoming programmable and softwarized 5G systems in a business-agile manner. In this paper, a network slicing framework is proposed along with relevant building blocks and mechanisms to support V2X applications by flexibly orchestrating multi-access and edge-dominated 5G network infrastructures, especially with reference to roaming scenarios. Proof of concept experiments using the Mininet emulator showcase the viability and potential benefits of the proposed framework for cooperative driving use cases.

scholarly journals Research on Vehicle-Road Co-Location Method Oriented to Network Slicing Service and Traffic Video

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5334
Author(s):  
Zhi Ma ◽  
Songlin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Cooperative Localization ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
The Road ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Slicing Technology

The development of 5G network slicing technology, combined with the application scenarios of vehicle–road collaborative positioning, provides end-to-end, large-bandwidth, low-latency, and highly reliable flexible customized services for Internet of Vehicle (IoV) services in different business scenarios. Starting from the needs of the network in the business scenario oriented to co-location, we researched the application of 5G network slicing technology in the vehicle–road cooperative localization system. We considered scheduling 5G slice resources. Creating slices to ensure the safety of the system, provided an optimized solution for the application of the vehicle–road coordinated positioning system. On this basis, this paper proposes a vehicle–road coordinated combined positioning method based on Beidou. On the basis of Beidou positioning and track estimation, using the advantages of the volumetric Kalman model, a combined positioning algorithm based on CKF was established. In order to further improve the positioning accuracy, vehicle characteristics could be extracted based on the traffic monitoring video stream to optimize the service-oriented positioning system. Considering that the vehicles in the urban traffic system can theoretically only travel on the road, the plan can be further optimized based on the road network information. It was preliminarily verified by simulation that this research idea has improved the relative single positioning method.

CASA: An Alternative Smartphone-Based ADAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Manolo Dulva Hina ◽  
Hongyu Guan ◽  
Assia Soukane ◽  
Amar Ramdane-Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Driving Assistance System

Advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) is an electronic system that helps the driver navigate roads safely. A typical ADAS, however, is suited to specific brands of vehicle and, due to proprietary restrictions, has non-extendable features. Project CASA is an alternative, low-cost generic ADAS. It is an app deployable on smartphone or tablet. The real-time data needed by the app to make sense of its environment are stored in the vehicle or on the cloud, and are accessible as web services. They are used to determine the current driving context, and, if needed, decide actions to prevent an accident or keep road navigation safe. Project CASA is an undertaking of a consortium of industrial and academic partners. A use case scenario is tested in the laboratory (virtual) and on the road (actual) to validate the appropriateness of CASA. It is a contribution to safe driving. CASA’s contribution also lies in its approach in the semantic modeling of the context of the environment, the vehicle and the driver, and on the modeling of rules for fusion of data and fission process yielding an action to be implemented. In addition, CASA proposes a secured means of transmitting data using light, via light fidelity (LiFi), itself an alternative means of wireless vehicle–smartphone communication.

Macrocognition Research: Challenges and Opportunities on the Road Ahead

2017 ◽  
pp. 396-416
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Fiore ◽  
C.A.P. Smith ◽  
Michael P. Letsky
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
On The Road

scholarly journals Development of driving cycle under real world traffic conditions: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4798
Author(s):  
Geetha A. ◽  
Subramani C.
Keyword(s):  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Condensed Form ◽  
On The Road

<p><span>The modeling of a car is essentially done by taking into consideration the driving terrain, traffic conditions, driver’s behavior and various other factors which may directly or indirectly affect the vehicle’s performance. A vehicle is modeled for given specifications and constraints like maximum speed, maximum acceleration, and braking time, appropriate suspension for the gradient of the road and fuel consumption. Henceforth, a profound study and analysis of different drive cycles are essential. A time dependent drive cycle is a condensed form of data that helps us to determine the time taken to conduct the driving test on the road. This article highlights the development of a real driving cycle in the area of Tamilnadu, India. On-road vehicle’s speeds versus time data were obtained along the selected route. The data obtained were analyzed first and then a new driving cycle was developed.</span></p>

scholarly journals On the block structure of the quantum ℛ-matrix in the three-strand braids

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 1850105 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bishler ◽  
An. Morozov ◽  
Sh. Shakirov ◽  
A. Sleptsov
Keyword(s):  
Block Structure ◽  
Representation Formula ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Irreducible Representation ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Homfly Polynomials ◽  
Block Diagonal

Quantum [Formula: see text]-matrices are the building blocks for the colored HOMFLY polynomials. In the case of three-strand braids with an identical finite-dimensional irreducible representation [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] associated with each strand, one needs two matrices: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. They are related by the Racah matrices [Formula: see text]. Since we can always choose the basis so that [Formula: see text] is diagonal, the problem is reduced to evaluation of [Formula: see text]-matrices. This paper is one more step on the road to simplification of such calculations. We found out and proved for some cases that [Formula: see text]-matrices could be transformed into a block-diagonal ones by the rotation in the sectors of coinciding eigenvalues. The essential condition is that there is a pair of accidentally coinciding eigenvalues among eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] matrix. In this case in order to get a block-diagonal matrix, one should rotate the [Formula: see text] defined by the Racah matrix in the accidental sector by the angle exactly [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Billing Scheme against Free-Riders for Wireless Charging Electric Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingwen Zhao ◽  
Jiaping Lin ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The Road ◽  
On Line ◽  
5G Systems ◽  
On The Road

Recently, scientists in South Korea developed on-line electric vehicle (OLEV), which is a kind of electric vehicle that can be charged wirelessly while it is moving on the road. The battery in the vehicle can absorb electric energy from the power transmitters buried under the road without any contact with them. Several billing schemes have been presented to offer privacy-preserving billing for OLEV owners. However, they did not consider the existence of free-riders. When some vehicles are being charged after showing the tokens, vehicles that are running ahead or behind can switch on their systems and drive closely for a free charging. We describe a billing scheme against free-riders by using several cryptographic tools. Each vehicle should authenticate with a compensation-prepaid token before it can drive on the wireless-charging-enabled road. The service provider can obtain compensation if it can prove that certain vehicle is a free-rider. Our scheme is privacy-preserving so the charging will not disclose the locations and routine routes of each vehicle. In fact, our scheme is a fast authentication scheme that anonymously authenticates each user on accessing a sequence of services. Thus, it can be applied to sequential data delivering services in future 5G systems.

scholarly journals Empowering the Internet of Vehicles with Multi-RAT 5G Network Slicing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽  
José Santa ◽  
Jorge Gallego-Madrid ◽  
Stefan Covaci ◽  
Antonio Skarmeta
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Resource Assignment ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Multi Access

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a hot research niche exploiting the synergy between Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) and the Internet of Things (IoT), which can greatly benefit of the upcoming development of 5G technologies. The variety of end-devices, applications, and Radio Access Technologies (RATs) in IoV calls for new networking schemes that assure the Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by the users. To this end, network slicing techniques enable traffic differentiation with the aim of ensuring flow isolation, resource assignment, and network scalability. This work fills the gap of 5G network slicing for IoV and validates it in a realistic vehicular scenario. It offers an accurate bandwidth control with a full flow-isolation, which is essential for vehicular critical systems. The development is based on a distributed Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) architecture, which provides flexibility for the dynamic placement of the Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) in charge of managing network traffic. The solution is able to integrate heterogeneous radio technologies such as cellular networks and specific IoT communications with potential in the vehicular sector, creating isolated network slices without risking the Core Network (CN) scalability. The validation results demonstrate the framework capabilities of short and predictable slice-creation time, performance/QoS assurance and service scalability of up to one million connected devices.

scholarly journals An advanced planner for urban freight delivering

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (48) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio COMI ◽  
Berta BUTTARAZZI ◽  
Massimiliano SCHIRALDI ◽  
Rosy INNARELLA ◽  
Martina VARISCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

The paper aims at introducing an advanced delivery tour planner to support operators in urban delivery operations through a combined approach which chooses delivery bays and delivery time windows while optimizing the delivery routes. After a literature review on tools for the management and the control of the delivery system implemented for optimizing the usage of on-street delivery bays, a prototypical tour delivery planner is described. The tool allows transport and logistics operators to book the delivery bays and to have real-time suggestions on the delivery tour to follow, through the minimization of the total delivery time. Currently, at development phase, the tool has been tested in a target zone, considering the road network and time/city delivering constraints and real-time data about vehicles location, traffic and delivery bay availability. The tool identifies the possible tours based on the delivery preferences, ranks the possible solutions according to the total route time based on information on the road network (i.e. travel time forecasts), performs a further optimization to reduce the total travel times and presents the user the best alternative along with the indications of which delivery bay to use in each delivery stop. The developed prototype is composed by two main parts: a web application that manages communication between the database and the road network simulation, and, an Android mobile App that supports transport and logistic operators in managing their delivering, pre trip and en route, showing and updating routing based on real-time information.

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON UPDATING HIGH DEFINITION MAPS: DETECTING AND POSITIONING A TRAFFIC CONE BY USING A STEREO CAMERA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W19 ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
M. L. R. Lagahit ◽  
Y. H. Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Time Data ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Stereo Camera ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Abstract. The concept of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) or self-driving cars has been increasingly popular these past few years. As such, research and development of AVs have also escalated around the world. One of those researches is about High-Definition (HD) maps. HD Maps are basically very detailed maps that provide all the geometric and semantic information on the road, which helps the AV in positioning itself on the lanes as well as mapping objects and markings on the road. This research will focus on the early stages of updating said HD maps. The methodology mainly consists of (1) running YOLOv3, a real-time object detection system, on a photo taken from a stereo camera to detect the object of interest, in this case a traffic cone, (2) applying the theories of stereo-photogrammetry to determine the 3D coordinates of the traffic cone, and (3) executing all of it at the same time on a Python-based platform. Results have shown centimeter-level accuracy in terms of obtained distance and height of the detected traffic cone from the camera setup. In future works, observed coordinates can be uploaded to a database and then connected to an application for real-time data storage/management and interactive visualization.

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