scholarly journals Calculation Method for Phenotypic Traits Based on the 3D Reconstruction of Maize Canopies

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Ma ◽  
Kexin Zhu ◽  
Haiou Guan ◽  
Jiarui Feng ◽  
Song Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Area Index

A reasonable plant type is an essential factor for improving canopy structure, ensuring a reasonable expansion of the leaf area index and obtaining a high-quality spatial distribution of light. It is of great significance in promoting effective selection of the ecological breeding index and production practices for maize. In this study, a method for calculating the phenotypic traits of the maize canopy in three-dimensional (3D) space was proposed, focusing on the problems existing in traditional measurement methods in maize morphological structure research, such as their complex procedures and relatively large error margins. Specifically, the whole maize plant was first scanned with a FastSCAN hand-held scanner to obtain 3D point cloud data for maize. Subsequently, the raw point clouds were simplified by the grid method, and the effect of noise on the quality of the point clouds in maize canopies was further denoised by bilateral filtering. In the last step, the 3D structure of the maize canopy was reconstructed. In accordance with the 3D reconstruction of the maize canopy, the phenotypic traits of the maize canopy, such as plant height, stem diameter and canopy breadth, were calculated by means of a fitting sphere and a fitting cylinder. Thereafter, multiple regression analysis was carried out, focusing on the calculated data and the actual measured data to verify the accuracy of the calculation method proposed in this study. The corresponding results showed that the calculated values of plant height, stem diameter and plant width based on 3D scanning were highly correlated with the actual measured data, and the determinant coefficients R2 were 0.9807, 0.8907 and 0.9562, respectively. In summary, the method proposed in this study can accurately measure the phenotypic traits of maize. Significantly, these research findings provide technical support for further research on the phenotypic traits of other crops and on variety breeding.

scholarly journals Estimation of maize plant height and leaf area index dynamics using an unmanned aerial vehicle with oblique and nadir photography

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingpu Che ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Ziwen Xie ◽  
Long Zhou ◽  
Shuangwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Area Density ◽  
Leaf Area Density

Abstract Background and Aims High-throughput phenotyping is a limitation in plant genetics and breeding due to large-scale experiments in the field. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can help to extract plant phenotypic traits rapidly and non-destructively with high efficiency. The general aim of this study is to estimate the dynamic plant height and leaf area index (LAI) by nadir and oblique photography with a UAV, and to compare the integrity of the established three-dimensional (3-D) canopy by these two methods. Methods Images were captured by a high-resolution digital RGB camera mounted on a UAV at five stages with nadir and oblique photography, and processed by Agisoft Metashape to generate point clouds, orthomosaic maps and digital surface models. Individual plots were segmented according to their positions in the experimental design layout. The plant height of each inbred line was calculated automatically by a reference ground method. The LAI was calculated by the 3-D voxel method. The reconstructed canopy was sliced into different layers to compare leaf area density obtained from oblique and nadir photography. Key Results Good agreements were found for plant height between nadir photography, oblique photography and manual measurement during the whole growing season. The estimated LAI by oblique photography correlated better with measured LAI (slope = 0.87, R2 = 0.67), compared with that of nadir photography (slope = 0.74, R2 = 0.56). The total number of point clouds obtained by oblique photography was about 2.7–3.1 times than those by nadir photography. Leaf area density calculated by nadir photography was much less than that obtained by oblique photography, especially near the plant base. Conclusions Plant height and LAI can be extracted automatically and efficiently by both photography methods. Oblique photography can provide intensive point clouds and relatively complete canopy information at low cost. The reconstructed 3-D profile of the plant canopy can be easily recognized by oblique photography.

scholarly journals Novel 3D Imaging Systems for High-Throughput Phenotyping of Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2113
Author(s):  
Tian Gao ◽  
Feiyu Zhu ◽  
Puneet Paul ◽  
Jaspreet Sandhu ◽  
Henry Akrofi Doku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping

The use of 3D plant models for high-throughput phenotyping is increasingly becoming a preferred method for many plant science researchers. Numerous camera-based imaging systems and reconstruction algorithms have been developed for the 3D reconstruction of plants. However, it is still challenging to build an imaging system with high-quality results at a low cost. Useful comparative information for existing imaging systems and their improvements is also limited, making it challenging for researchers to make data-based selections. The objective of this study is to explore the possible solutions to address these issues. We introduce two novel systems for plants of various sizes, as well as a pipeline to generate high-quality 3D point clouds and meshes. The higher accuracy and efficiency of the proposed systems make it a potentially valuable tool for enhancing high-throughput phenotyping by integrating 3D traits for increased resolution and measuring traits that are not amenable to 2D imaging approaches. The study shows that the phenotype traits derived from the 3D models are highly correlated with manually measured phenotypic traits (R2 > 0.91). Moreover, we present a systematic analysis of different settings of the imaging systems and a comparison with the traditional system, which provide recommendations for plant scientists to improve the accuracy of 3D construction. In summary, our proposed imaging systems are suggested for 3D reconstruction of plants. Moreover, the analysis results of the different settings in this paper can be used for designing new customized imaging systems and improving their accuracy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Suitable Mixture of Water and Air for Processing Tomato in Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang Oasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7845
Author(s):  
Chilin Wei ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Jinzhu Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Processing Tomatoes ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Aerated irrigation (AI) has emerged as a method to mitigate rhizosphere hypoxia caused by wetting front with sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI). Increasing oxygen in processing tomato’s root zone is beneficial to the improvement of the rhizosphere gas environment, crop growth, yield and quality. The relationship between aerated irrigation and irrigation quantity is not clear. A total of eight treatments, including four irrigation levels (4950 m3 hm−2 (W1), 4750 m3 hm−2 (W2), 4500 m3 hm−2 (W3), 4050 m3 hm−2 (W4)) in combination with aerated irrigation (A2) and non-aerated irrigation (A1) were used to investigate the effects of aerated irrigation on the physiological characteristics and yield of processing tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang, China. The effects of aerated irrigation on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index and dry matter, photosynthesis, fluorescence, fruit quality and yield of processing tomatoes were studied. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, biomass accumulation and leaf area index of processing tomatoes under aerated irrigation were increased by 10.2%, 7.3%, 12.5% and 6.2% under the W1, W2, W3 and W4 conditions (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with non-aerated irrigation. Yield and the content of Vitamin C and soluble solids under aerated irrigation was 9.71%, 5.59% and 5.68% (p < 0.05) higher than that under conventional irrigation, respectively, and the sugar-acid under aerated irrigation decreased by 0.5%. Through principal component analysis, W2A2 treatment had a higher score according to the yield index (per fruit weight, fruit number per plant) and quality index (Vitamin C, soluble solids, sugar-acid ratio) than the other treatments. The results show that aerated irrigation is feasible under the existing mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang and, in this experiment, W2A2 treatment was the most suitable planting mode.

scholarly journals Application of Taxonomic Classification in Soil Fertility Management Using Maize (Zea mays L.) as Test Crop in Alfisols of Makurdi, Benue State

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Jacob Usman ◽  
S. Idoga ◽  
O.J. Ogbu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The Alfisols of Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State was studied with the aim to characterize and classify the soils and determine the optimum fertilizer rate for maize production on the selected soil type of the study area. The soils were formed on Makurdi sand stone, deep (141 cm) and well drained. They were coarse-textured and moderately acidic in reaction (pH 6.6 – 7.0). They had low organic carbon contents ranging from 3.36 to 3.78 % and high base saturation of 58.6 % to 77.4 %. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics, the soils were classified as Eutric Ochrustalfs/Eutric Luvisols. In terms of growth parameters; plant height and number of leaves were not significantly different while leaf area, leaf area index and the stem diameter were significantly different. The highest (130.60 cm, 12.30 and 79.88 mm) plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were observed at the rate of NPK 150:75:75 kg/ha of fertilizer. In terms of yield parameters, ear weight and grain yield were not statistically significant whereas, ear length and ear diameter were statistically significant. However, NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha showed the highest (178 g) ear weight while application of NPK 150:75:75 kg/ha gave the highest (2.82 kg) grain yield. Since there was no significant difference between the fertilizer rates, it could be concluded that the minimum application rate (NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha) should be used in cultivating maize in Alfisols of Makurdi instead of the highest or the blanket recommendation which involved higher cost.

scholarly journals YIELD AND BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE SUBMITTED TO PLANT POPULATION AND TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL DOSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
LUIZ FERNANDO PRICINOTTO ◽  
CLAUDEMIR ZUCARELI ◽  
ANDRÉ SAMPAIO FERREIRA ◽  
LEANDRO TEODOSKI SPOLAOR ◽  
INÊS CRISTINA DE BATISTA FONSECA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Area Index

ABSTRACT The use of plant growth regulators in agriculture can alter the morphology of corn plants, increasing crop yield due to the possibility of increasing the population. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant populations associated with trinexapac-ethyl (TE) doses on the biometric characteristics of shoot and grain yield of contrasting corn cultivars regarding plant architecture. Experiments were conducted in the field during two seasons with the hybrids 2B710 HX (flat leaf) and TL Status (erect leaf) in a randomized block design (four replications) and treatments in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, with five plant populations (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 thousand plants ha−1) and five TE doses (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g a.i. ha−1) applied by foliar spraying at the V6 stage. Plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, leaf area index, and grain yield were evaluated. An increment in population increases plant height, ear insertion height, and the leaf area index, but reduces stem diameter. The plant growth regulator TE reduces plant height and ear insertion height. The interaction between plant population and TE favors corn yield, with the highest values observed in combinations of 93.4 thousand plants ha−1 with a dose of 176 g ha−1 of TE for the hybrid 2B710 HX and 92.2 thousand plants ha−1 with a dose of 251 g ha−1 of TE for the hybrid Status TL.

Studies on heterosis in bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Karthika ◽  
V. Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Final Harvest

The studies on heterosis in bhendi was conducted with 20 F1­’s developed from 9 parents viz., SKY/DR/RS/107 (L1), 3 (L2), IC 69257 (L3), 307-10-1-II (L4), 608-8-1 (T1), 770 (T2), IC 140880 (T3), 137-10-1,2 (T4) and Tiruchi Local (T5) in a Line x Tester mating design. The hybrids along with parents were evaluated in RBD with three replications. The hybrid L2 x T3 was considered the best as it has recorded higher magnitude of heterobeltiosis for plant height at flowering (17.49 per cent), plant height at final harvest (42.95 per cent), leaf area index (64.21 per cent), stem diameter (82.79 per cent), fruit length (22.98 per cent), fruit girth (6.17 per cent), number of fruits plant-1 (42.70 per cent) and yield plant-1 (57.77 per cent). The maximum heterotic vigour was found in L2 x T2 for fruit weight (47.24 per cent) and number of fruits plant-1 (96.67 per cent).

scholarly journals Morphological Features Growth and Development of Dendrobium sp. Orchid as Influenced by Nutrient Spray

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Kabir ◽  
MG Mortuza ◽  
MO Islam
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total Leaf

The experiment was conducted to see the effect of nutrient spray on morphophysiological feature and growth of three orchid varieties namely Dendrobium Red Bull, D. Kasim Gold and D White 5 N. Results revealed that the morphophysiological and growth attributes significantly varied among the cultivars. D Red Bull showed the highest plant height, leaf length, leaf area and stem diameter among the varieties. D. White 5 N was superior in leaf number and total leaf area and D. Kasim Gold was superior in leaf area index and leaf width to the other varieties. On the other hand, the trend of increasing in leaf length, leaf width, leaf area index, leaf number, leaf area and total leaf area was the highest for N:P:K as 10:25:30. Plant height and stem diameter was maximum for N:P:K as 15:20:20. In conclusion, low level of nitrogen and high level of phosphorus and potassium was suitable for leaf length, leaf width, leaf area index, leaf number, leaf area and total leaf area while high level of nitrogen and low level of potassium was suitable for plant height and stem diameter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11598 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 309-318, 2012

scholarly journals Phenotype - Chemotype Correlation of the Herb Bletilla Rchb. f. Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation of Thirty- Three Geographic Populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng Huang ◽  
Fang Yuan ◽  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Tianyue Huang ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Different Populations

Abstract Background The Bletilla genus of Orchidaceae includes plants with great economic value, among which B. striata is the main traditional medicinal plant, and its pseudobulb, known as BaiJi, was first recorded in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica. However, there has been little systemic evaluation of the germplasm quality of Bletilla plants in China. In order to comprehensive evaluate the Bletilla resources in China and screen out the candidate phenotypic traits determining yield and/or quality of Bletilla, the variation of phenotypic indicators (pseudobulb, leaf, stem, inflorescence, flower) and active ingredients contents (polysaccharide, total phenolics and militarine) in different populations of B. striata and B. ochracea were investigated through 4 years' common-garden experiment. Results There were abundant phenotypic variations and significant differences among different populations in the morphological phenotypes, pseudobulb weight and main active ingredient contents. Five populations, including HNSZ, AHBZ, HBLT, HBSN and JSNJ, showed good prospects for industrial development, presenting higher quality in terms of yield and main active ingredient content. Pseudobulb yield, polysaccharide and total phenol content are positively correlated with phenotypic traits. Militarine content is negatively correlated with almost all indexes. Plant height, leaf width and stem diameter may be important indicators of potential excellent germplasms. Conclusions Bletilla is not strictly geoauthentic medicinal plants. B. ochracea could be accepted as an alternative resource to B. striata. The best harvest period of Bletilla is the third year after cultivation. Plant height, leaf width and stem diameter may be important indicators of potential excellent germplasms. These results provide important information required for the efficient screening and utilization of Bletilla germplasm resources.

Effects of irrigation, soil compaction and fertilization treatments on physiological – vegetative characteristics and root development of soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Kirnak ◽  
Zeki Gokalp ◽  
Ergün Dogan ◽  
Osman Çopur
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Area Index

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil compaction levels (non-compacted control, low compaction, high compaction), irrigation management practices (conventional furrow and alternate furrow) and nitrogenous fertilizer levels (60, 90, 120 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>) on vegetative characteristics (dry biomass production, plant height, number of branch and number of pod per plant, height of the first pod, leaf area index, stem diameter), physiological characteristics (leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf temperature) and root development through 0 -80 cm soil profile of soybean grown in Harran Plain of Turkey. Experiments were conducted in Sanliurfa Province of Turkey in split-split plots experimental design with 3 replications during the years of 2006 and 2007. Irrigation program was created by using KanSched simulation model. The amount of applied irrigation water in conventional and alternate furrow systems in 2006 and 2007 were measured as 435.61 and 291.59 mm, and 429.51 and 271.72 mm, respectively. While the highest yield (947.8 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>) was observed in control treatment of the year 2006, conventional furrow system had the highest yield (2099.3 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>) in the year 2007. Soil compaction, irrigation and nitrogenous fertilization in general had significant effects on entire vegetative characteristics investigated in the present study. Increasing compaction levels yielded decreasing plant height, stem diameter and leaf area indexes. Biomass production increased with increasing nitrogen doses. Results indicated that negative impacts of soil compaction in agricultural fields due to traffic and various other reasons could be eliminated with proper irrigation and fertilization implementations.

scholarly journals 3D Reconstruction with circular light field by using 3D hough transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Zhengxi Song ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Light Field ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Hough Transformation ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Hough Space ◽  
Reconstruction Performance ◽  
Image Volume

Aiming at the issue of incomplete trajectories in the 2D epipolar image of circular light field, this paper proposes a 3D reconstruction method by using 3D Hough transformation. This method computes 3D point clouds by computing the parameters of feature trajectories in 3D image volume. By analyzing the 3D distribution of circular light field trajectories, binary curves in image volume are extracted, and their local orientation are further estimated by the 3D structure tensor. The 3D Hough space generation and the parameter selection method are proposed to the 3D curves detection. The parameters of these curves are converted to 3D point clouds on each view and then merged to final 3D reconstruction. The ambiguity of Hough transformation solution on 2D epipolar image is overcome by the 3D analyzing method. The experiments are carried out on both synthetic and real datasets. The experiment results show that this method can improve the reconstruction performance compared with the state-of-the-art in circular light field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document