scholarly journals The Applicability of 2-amino-4,6-diphenyl-pyridine-3-carbonitrile Sensors for Monitoring Different Types of Photopolymerization Processes and Acceleration of Cationic and Free-Radical Photopolymerization Under Near UV Light

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Ortyl ◽  
Paweł Fiedor ◽  
Anna Chachaj-Brekiesz ◽  
Maciej Pilch ◽  
Emilia Hola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Molecular Sensors ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Free Radical Photopolymerization ◽  
Cationic Photopolymerization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coumarin 1 ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The performance of a series of 2-amino-4,6-diphenyl-pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives as fluorescent molecular sensors for monitoring photopolymerization processes of different monomers by the Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) was studied. It has been shown that the new derivatives are characterized by much higher sensitivity than the commercially available 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin (Coumarin 1) and trans-2-(2′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl-2,3,4, 5,6-pentafluorobenzene (25ST) probes. It has been discovered that the 2-amino-4,6-diphenyl-pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives accelerate the cationic photopolymerization process initiated with diphenyliodonium photoinitiators at the wavelength where the photoinitiator alone does not work. They are particularly efficient for the photoinitiation of cationic photopolymerization of an epoxide and vinyl monomers. Consequently, the application of the 2-amino-4,6-diphenyl-pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives in a dual role: (a) as fluorescent sensors for monitoring the free-radical, thiol-ene and cationic polymerization progress, and (b) as long-wavelength co-initiators for diphenyliodonium salts initiators, is proposed.

scholarly journals NIR Sensitizer Operating under Long Wavelength (1064 nm) for Free Radical Photopolymerization Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (15) ◽  
pp. 2000289
Author(s):  
Haifaa Mokbel ◽  
Bernadette Graff ◽  
Frédéric Dumur ◽  
Jacques Lalevée
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Free Radical Photopolymerization

scholarly journals Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as long wavelength photoinitiators for free radical polymerization

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1918-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Dadashi-Silab ◽  
Yasemin Yar ◽  
Havva Yagci Acar ◽  
Yusuf Yagci
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Vinyl Monomers ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Free Radical Photopolymerization

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) capped with lauric acid agents were synthesized and their photocatalytic activity was investigated in free radical photopolymerization of vinyl monomers.

scholarly journals Application of a carbazole derivative as a spectroscopic fluorescent probe for real time monitoring of cationic photopolymerization

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Ortyl ◽  
Mateusz Galica ◽  
Roman Popielarz ◽  
Dariusz Bogdał
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrum ◽  
Cationic Polymerization ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity Ratio ◽  
Carbazole Derivative ◽  
Crosslinking Process ◽  
Cationic Photopolymerization ◽  
Coumarin 1

AbstractThe performance of 1-(9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione (1) as a fluorescent probe for the monitoring of cationic photopolymerization processes by Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) has been evaluated in comparison with the response of 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin (Coumarin 1) (2). Triethylene glycol divinyl ether and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate were used as an example monomer and a cationic photoinitiator respectively. It has been found that the probe 1 withstands the cationic polymerization conditions and provides correct probe response. 1-(9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione shifts its fluorescence spectrum with progress of cationic photopolymerization of the monomer, which enables the monitoring of the polymerization progress using the fluorescence intensity ratio measured at two different wavelengths as the progress indicator. By comparing the behavior of 1 and 2, it has been documented that the fluorescence spectrum of probe 1 shows a spectacular hypsochromic shift (Δλ = 33 nm) upon the monomer polymerization, while the shift of 2 is three times smaller (Δλ = 11 nm). Moreover, the sensitivity of probe 1 is more than 2.5-times higher than that of any other probes suitable for monitoring cationic polymerization processes, reported previously. Therefore, application of the carbazole derivative (1) as a new probe for the monitoring of the crosslinking process of coatings cured by cationic photopolymerization has been proposed.

Dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives: natural dyes as blue-light-sensitive versatile photoinitiators of photopolymerization

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (47) ◽  
pp. 7316-7324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jacques Lalevée ◽  
Jiacheng Zhao ◽  
Bernadette Graff ◽  
Martina H. Stenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Free Radical Photopolymerization ◽  
Cationic Photopolymerization

Dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives can be used as versatile blue-light-sensitive photoinitiators for cross-linked free radical photopolymerization, RAFT photopolymerization, and cationic photopolymerization.

Free radical involvement in long wavelength UV light activation of nitrosamines to mutagens

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Webman ◽  
Thomas A. Grover ◽  
Hikoya Hayatsu ◽  
Howard F. Mower
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Long Wavelength

scholarly journals Double Role of Diphenylpyridine Derivatives as Fluorescent Sensors for Monitoring Photopolymerization and the Determination of the Efficiencies of the Generation of Superacids by Cationic Photoinitiators

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Topa ◽  
Filip Petko ◽  
Mariusz Galek ◽  
Joanna Ortyl
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrum ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Free Radical Polymerization ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity Ratio ◽  
Cationic Photopolymerization ◽  
Electron Withdrawing Substituents

Novel fluorescent sensors with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents incorporated into a chromophore group based on 2,6-diphenylpyridine were designed and synthesised. The spectroscopic properties of these compounds were studied. Moreover, the positive solvatochromism of 2,6-bis-(4-methylsulphanylphenyl)pyridine (PT-SCH3) in selected solvents was studied by measurement of the absorption and emission spectra and analysed using the Dimroth–Reichardt solvent parameter set. After that, the performance of a series of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives as fluorescent molecular sensors for monitoring free-radical and cationic photopolymerization processes by the Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) was studied. As a consequence of this stage of research, the effect of substituents on the sensitivity of the 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives as sensors during photopolymerization has been evaluated and discussed. It has been found that compounds containing strong electron-donating substituent (PT-SCH3) slightly shift their fluorescence spectrum during the free-radical polymerization of monomer, which enables the monitoring of the polymerization progress using the fluorescence intensity ratio measured at two different wavelengths as the progress indicator. The position of the fluorescence spectrum of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents is practically insensitive to changes occurring in their environment. Hence, it is recommended to use these compounds with different indicators of the progress of the photopolymerization process based on normalised intensity of fluorescence (Imax/I0). Among the compounds studied, 2,6-bis(4-methylsulphanylphenyl)pyridine (PT-SCH3) turned out to be the best fluorescent sensor for the purpose of monitoring free-radical polymerization by FPT. Consequently, the dual application of the selected 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives is proposed: (a) as fluorescent sensors for monitoring the free-radical photopolymerization progress, and (b) as spectroscopic sensors for the determination of efficiencies of the generation of superacids by cationic photoinitiators during the cationic photopolymerization process. Finally, a new method for determining the relative efficiency of the photogeneration of superacids during the photo cleavage of onium salt has been devised and applied for the evaluation of the performance of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives.

scholarly journals Applicability of 1,6-Diphenylquinolin-2-one Derivatives as Fluorescent Sensors for Monitoring the Progress of Photopolymerisation Processes and as Photosensitisers for Bimolecular Photoinitiating Systems

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Topa ◽  
Filip Petko ◽  
Mariusz Galek ◽  
Kamil Machowski ◽  
Maciej Pilch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Fluorescence Sensors ◽  
Molecular Sensors ◽  
Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate ◽  
Molecular Fluorescence ◽  
Coumarin 1 ◽  
Derivatives Of

The applicability of new 1,6-diphenylquinolin-2-oneas derivatives as fluorescent molecular sensors for monitoring the progress of photopolymerisation processes by Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) has been tested. The progress of cationic, free-radical and thiol-ene photopolymerisation for commercially available monomers: triethylene glycol divinyl ether (TEGDVE), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and trimethylpropane tris(3-mercaptopropropionate) (MERCAPTO) was monitored. It was found that new derivatives of 1,6-diphenylquinolin-2-one shifted their fluorescence spectra towards shorter wavelengths with the progress of polymerisation, which enabled monitoring the progress in terms of fluorescence intensity ratios as the progress indicator. Derivatives of 1,6-diphenylquinolin-2-one show sensitivity to changes in both polarity and viscosity in the surrounding microenvironment during photopolymerisation processes. Therefore, it was shown that they are good candidates to act as fluorescent sensors for monitoring the kinetics of very quick processes, such as photopolymerisation processes. Furthermore, the effect of the nature of substituents attached to the 1,6-diphenylquinolin-2-one ring on the characteristics of emission spectra was identified. Moreover, the sensitivity of fluorescent sensors was compared with commercially available model sensors, such as 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin (Coumarin 1) and trans-2-(2′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene (25ST). Moreover, it was also proven that selected derivatives of 1,6-diphenylquinolin-2-one exhibit an accelerating effect on the progress of cationic photopolymerisation of vinyl monomers (TEGDVE). Thus, the new 1,6-diphenylquinolin-2-one derivatives can be successfully used both as molecular fluorescence sensors to monitor the progress of photopolymerisation processes and as diaryliodonium salt photosensitisers to initiate cationic photopolymerisation processes in a UV-A range of 365 nm.

Elucidation of Network Structure in Cationic Photopolymerization of Cyclic Ether Comonomers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kaalberg ◽  
Sage Schissel ◽  
Michael Soumounthong ◽  
Julie L. P. Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Cyclic Ether ◽  
Free Radical Photopolymerization ◽  
Cationic Photopolymerization

Although cationic photopolymerizations are not inhibited by oxygen, polymerization rates and conversions of commonly used cycloaliphatic epoxides are typically much lower than industrially prevalent acrylates undergoing free-radical photopolymerization. The addition...

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