scholarly journals Identifying Traffic Context Using Driving Stress: A Longitudinal Preliminary Case Study

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Vl. Bitkina ◽  
Jungyoon Kim ◽  
Jangwoon Park ◽  
Jaehyun Park ◽  
Hyun K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Many previous studies have identified that physiological responses of a driver are significantly associated with driving stress. However, research is limited to identifying the effects of traffic conditions (low vs. high traffic) and road types (highway vs. city) on driving stress. The objective of this study is to quantify the relationship between driving stress and traffic conditions, and driving stress and road types, respectively. In this study, electrodermal activity (EDA) signals for a male driver were collected in real road driving conditions for 60 min a day for 21 days. To classify the levels of driving stress (low vs. high), two separate models were developed by incorporating the statistical features of the EDA signals, one for traffic conditions and the other for road types. Both models were based on the application of EDA features with the logistic regression analysis. City driving turned out to be more stressful than highway driving. Traffic conditions, defined as traffic jam also significantly affected the stress level of the driver, when using the criteria of the vehicle speed of 40 km/h and standard deviation of the speed of 20 km/h. Relevance to industry: The classification results of the two models indicate that the traffic conditions and the road types are important features for driving stress and its related applications.

Monitoring Pavement Surface Macrotexture and Friction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2525 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Kargah-Ostadi ◽  
Andrew Howard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Friction ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
Profile Depth ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship

The amount of available friction and texture depth are primary concerns in the evaluation of pavement surface safety characteristics. The two components of microtexture and macrotexture provide pavement surface friction. Macrotexture properties are collected with laser-based devices at highway speeds, but a proper evaluation of microtexture is available only with stationary devices or laboratory experimental methods. The industry is trying to develop practical methods for monitoring microtexture at the network level. Pertinent quantification for both friction components is valued because the common locked-wheel testing of skid resistance depends on surface temperature, presence of dirt and oil on the road surface, and vehicle speed. This case study examined the relationship between laser-based mean profile depth (MPD) and the friction number (FN) collected with a locked-wheel skid trailer on Louisiana highways. The analysis showed that quantified microtexture data were required in conjunction with the macrotexture to establish a significant correlation with friction measurements. However, the correlation between MPD and FN appeared to be significantly stronger at higher speeds of friction testing. Lower and higher threshold values were determined from the first and third quartiles of MPD and FN data. At speeds of about 50 mph, 71% of the pavement sections with MPD of less than the lower texture threshold also had FN values of less than the lower friction threshold. This lower MPD threshold of 0.036 in. can be implemented in network-level monitoring operations to determine areas of concern that require friction testing.

The Relationship between Working Environment and Internship Satisfaction Level: A Case Study Of A 4-Star Hotel Restaurant In Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-291
Author(s):  
Chatarina Natalia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Supervisory Support ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
The Relationship

There are many factors that can lead to internship satisfaction. Working environment is one of the factors that will result to such outcome. However, many organizations discarded the fact of its importance. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship between working environment and internship satisfaction level as well as to determine whether the dimensions of working environment significantly affect internship satisfaction. The said dimensions are, learning opportunities, supervisory support, career development opportunities, co-workers support, organization satisfaction, working hours and esteem needs. A total of 111 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and were processed by SPSS program to obtain the result of this study. The results reveal that learning opportunities, career development opportunities, organization satisfaction and esteem needs are factors that contribute to internship satisfaction level. In the other hand, supervisory support, co-workers support and working hours are factors that lead to internship dissatisfaction. The result also shows that organization satisfaction is the strongest factor that affects internship satisfaction while co-workers support is the weakest.

Når styringens ambitioner udfordres af praksis. Om at analysere rummet imellem styringens intentioner og situationel praksis

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Herup Nielsen ◽  
Niklas Andreas Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Men I ◽  
Unemployment Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Local Employment

Studier, der analyserer det sociale med inspiration fra Foucaults tanker om governmentality, kritiseres i stigende omfang for at afskære sig fra at analysere de praktiske relationer, som politisk styring konkret indlejres i. I artiklen tager vi afsæt i denne kritik og viser, med et studie af forholdet mellem et kommunalt jobcenter og et lokalt beskæftigelsesråd, hvordan governmental magtanalyse kan indfange styringens uforudsigelige, mangefacetterede og immanente karakter ved at fokusere på styringsintentionernes møde med den praktiske virkelighed, der søges styret. Formelt er rådet nedsat til at overvåge og kontrollere jobcentret, men i den praktiske relation er det snarere jobcentret, som overvåger og kontrollerer rådet. Artiklen viser, hvordan dette er muligt ved at analysere jobcentrets arbejde med rådet ved hjælp af en række centrale begreber fra Foucaults forfatterskab. Empirisk trækker studiet foruden formelle myndighedsdokumenter, der beskriver rådets tiltænkte rolle, på praksisinformerende empiri i form af kvalitative interviews og mødereferater over en fire-årig periode. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Mathias Herup Nielsen and Niklas Andreas Andersen: When Praxis Challenges the Ambitions of Governing. Analyzing the Space between the Intentions of Governing and Situational Praxis Studies working with the Foucauldian concept of ”governmentality” are frequently criticized for their apparent disregard of empirical reality. This article takes this critique as its point of departure and demonstrates the application of the concept of governmentality in a concrete empirical case study in order to grasp the unpredictable and multifaceted nature of modern day power. The case investigated here is the relationship between a Danish Jobcentre and a so-called local employment council (LBR). The latter was created to ”control” and ”monitor” the former organization. However, in practice, it is rather the other way around – the Jobcentre is controlling and monitoring the members of the LBR. This article draws on a number of well-known Foucauldian concepts to show how this relation of power is practically structured. Empirically the article draws on documents from central authorities as well as on a number of qualitative interviews with the actors involved – hence, the article attempts to meet with the dominant overall critique of the governmentality perspective for disregarding empirical reality. Keywords: governmentality, Michel Foucault, unemployment policy, jobcentre.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small City ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.

Comprehensive Pricing Model of Urban Traffic Air Pollution Based on Bi-Level Programming

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1913-1917
Author(s):  
Ze Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
The Relationship

In order to reduce the negative impact of urban traffic air pollution, this paper firstly analyzes the relationship between urban traffic air pollution and vehicle speed, after providing the relationship model, the paper establishes a comprehensive pricing model of urban traffic air pollution based on bi-level programming, the model considers the traffic air pollution pricing, and includes the factors of congestion pricing, bus fee, pricing revenue redistribution on improvement of public transport services and the expansion of road capacity. The case study shows that the implementation of comprehensive pricing of urban traffic air pollution can reduce traffic pollution and unreasonable traffic flow, which is conducive to the sustainable development of the city.

scholarly journals A new approach to assess the influence of road roughness on driver speed behavior based on driving simulator tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Pernetti ◽  
Mauro D’Apuzzo Mauro D’Apuzzo ◽  
Francesco Galante
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Roughness

Vehicle speed is one of main parameters describing driver behavior and it is of paramount importance as it affects the travel safety level. Speed is, in turn, affected by several factors among which in-vehicle vibration may play a significant role. Most of speed reducing traffic calming countermeasures adopted nowadays rely on vertical vibration level perceived by drivers that is based on the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and the road roughness. On the other hand, this latter has to be carefully monitored and controlled as it is a key parameter in pavement managements systems since it influences riding comfort, pavement damage and Vehicle Operating Costs. There is therefore the need to analyse the trade-off between safety requirements and maintenance issues related to road roughness level. In this connection, experimental studies aimed at evaluating the potential of using road roughness in mitigating drivers’ speed in a controlled environment may provide added value in dealing with this issue. In this paper a new research methodology making use of a dynamic driver simulator operating at the TEST Laboratory in Naples is presented in order to investigate the relationship between the driver speed behavior on one hand, and the road roughness level, road alignment and environment, vehicle characteristics on the other. Following an initial calibration phase, preliminary results seem fairly promising since they comply with the published data derived from scientific literature.

scholarly journals Development of driving cycle under real world traffic conditions: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4798
Author(s):  
Geetha A. ◽  
Subramani C.
Keyword(s):  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Condensed Form ◽  
On The Road

<p><span>The modeling of a car is essentially done by taking into consideration the driving terrain, traffic conditions, driver’s behavior and various other factors which may directly or indirectly affect the vehicle’s performance. A vehicle is modeled for given specifications and constraints like maximum speed, maximum acceleration, and braking time, appropriate suspension for the gradient of the road and fuel consumption. Henceforth, a profound study and analysis of different drive cycles are essential. A time dependent drive cycle is a condensed form of data that helps us to determine the time taken to conduct the driving test on the road. This article highlights the development of a real driving cycle in the area of Tamilnadu, India. On-road vehicle’s speeds versus time data were obtained along the selected route. The data obtained were analyzed first and then a new driving cycle was developed.</span></p>

The Study of Tire Pattern Noise by Using Wavelet Transform

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Wook Hwang ◽  
Jin Hyuk Han ◽  
Ki Duck Sung ◽  
Sang Kwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Signal Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pattern Noise ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Non Stationary Signal ◽  
The Relationship

Tire noise is classified by pattern noise and road noise in a vehicle. Especially pattern noise has impulsive characteristics since it is generated by impacting of tire’s block on the road. Therefore, a special signal process is needed other than traditional Fourier Transform, because the characteristic of signal is varying with time. On the other hand, the pattern noise is a kind of non-stationary signal and is related to the impulsive train of pitch sequence of a block. In this paper, Wavelet Transform is applied to verify the impulse signal caused by impact of block and groove and to verify the relationship between the pattern noise and the train of pitch sequence.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Inhaled Dose of Airborne Pollutants during Commuting: Case Study and Application for the General Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6066
Author(s):  
Francesca Borghi ◽  
Giacomo Fanti ◽  
Andrea Cattaneo ◽  
Davide Campagnolo ◽  
Sabrina Rovelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

During rush hours, commuters are exposed to high concentrations and peaks of traffic-related air pollutants. The aims of this study were therefore to extend the inhaled dose estimation outcomes from a previous work investigating the inhaled dose of a typical commuter in the city of Milan, Italy, and to extend these results to a wider population. The estimation of the dose of pollutants inhaled by commuters and deposited within the respiratory tract could be useful to help commuters in choosing the modes of transport with the lowest exposure and to increase their awareness regarding this topic. In addition, these results could provide useful information to policy makers, for the creation/improvement of a mobility that takes these results into account. The principal result outcomes from the first part of the project (case study on a typical commuter in the city of Milan) show that during the winter period, the maximum deposited mass values were estimated in the “Other” environments and in “Underground”. During the summer period, the maximum values were estimated in the “Other” and “Walking (high-traffic conditions)” environments. For both summer and winter, the lowest values were estimated in the “Car” and “Walking (low-traffic conditions)” environments. Regarding the second part of the study (the extension of the results to the general population of commuters in the city of Milan), the main results show that the period of permanence in a given micro-environment (ME) has an important influence on the inhaled dose, as well as the pulmonary ventilation rate. In addition to these results, it is of primary importance to report how the inhaled dose of pollutants can be strongly influenced by the time spent in a particular environment, as well as the subject’s pulmonary ventilation rate and pollutant exposure levels. For these reasons, the evaluation of these parameters (pulmonary ventilation rate and permanence time, in addition to the exposure concentration levels) for estimating the inhaled dose is of particular relevance.

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