scholarly journals Resilient Multiuser Session Control in Softwarized Fog-Supported Internet of Moving Thing Systems

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helber Wagner da Silva ◽  
Augusto José Venâncio Neto
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Smart Environments ◽  
Control Plane ◽  
Related Approach ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Qos Performance

The combination of IoT and mobility promises to open a new frontier of innovations in smart environments, through the advent of the Internet of Moving Things (IoMT) paradigm. In IoMT, an array of IoT devices leverage IP-based mobile connectivity to provide a vast range of data ubiquitously. The IoMT realization will foster smart environments at unprecedented levels, by efficiently affording services and applications whereby today’s technologies make their efficiency unfeasible, such as autonomous driving and in-ambulance remotely-assisted patient. IoMT-supported mission-critical applications push computing and networking requirements to totally new levels that must be met, raising the need for refined approaches that advance beyond existing technologies. In light of this, this paper proposes the Resilient MultiUser Session Control (ReMUSiC) framework, which deploys emerging softwarization and cloudification technologies to afford flexible, optimized and self-organized control plane perspectives. ReMUSiC extends our previous work through the following innovations. A quality-oriented resilience mechanism is capable of responding to network dynamics events (failure and mobility) by readapting IoMT multiuser mobile sessions. A softwarized networking control plane that allows to, at runtime, both fetch current network state and set up resources in the attempt to always keep affected IoMT multiuser mobile sessions best-connected and best-served. A cloudification approach allows a robust environment, through which cloud- and fog-systems interwork to cater to performance-enhanced capabilities. The IoMT’s suitability and performance impacts by ReMUSiC framework use are assessed through real testbed prototyping. Impact analysis in Quality of Service (QoS) performance and perceived Quality of Experience (QoE), demonstrate the remarkable abilities of the ReMUSiC framework, over a related approach, in keeping IoMT multiuser mobile sessions always best-connected and best-served.

scholarly journals Toward an Adaptive Threshold on Cooperative Bandwidth Management Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7053
Author(s):  
Motahareh Mobasheri ◽  
Yangwoo Kim ◽  
Woongsup Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Adaptive Threshold ◽  
Smart Environments ◽  
Bandwidth Management ◽  
Hierarchy Level ◽  
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Performance

With the increase in Internet of Things (IoT) devices and network communications, but with less bandwidth growth, the resulting constraints must be overcome. Due to the network complexity and uncertainty of emergency distribution parameters in smart environments, using predetermined rules seems illogical. Reinforcement learning (RL), as a powerful machine learning approach, can handle such smart environments without a trainer or supervisor. Recently, we worked on bandwidth management in a smart environment with several fog fragments using limited shared bandwidth, where IoT devices may experience uncertain emergencies in terms of the time and sequence needed for more bandwidth for further higher-level communication. We introduced fog fragment cooperation using an RL approach under a predefined fixed threshold constraint. In this study, we promote this approach by removing the fixed level of restriction of the threshold through hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) and completing the cooperation qualification. At the first learning hierarchy level of the proposed approach, the best threshold level is learned over time, and the final results are used by the second learning hierarchy level, where the fog node learns the best device for helping an emergency device by temporarily lending the bandwidth. Although equipping the method to the adaptive threshold and restricting fog fragment cooperation make the learning procedure more difficult, the HRL approach increases the method’s efficiency in terms of time and performance.

Future Networked Healthcare Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 531-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Ali Faisal ◽  
Saleh Altowaijri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Health Level 7 ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Qos Performance ◽  
Computational Resources

Future healthcare systems and organizations demand huge computational resources, and the ability for the applications to interact and communicate with each other, within and across organizational boundaries. This chapter aims to explore state-of-the-art of the healthcare landscape and presents an analysis of networked healthcare systems with a focus on networking traffic and architectures. To this end, the relevant technologies including networked healthcare architectures and performance studies, Health Level 7 (HL7), big data, and cloud computing, are reviewed. Subsequently, a study of healthcare systems, applications and traffic over local, metro, and wide area networks is presented using multi-hospital cross-continent scenarios. The network architectures for these systems are described. A detailed study to explore quality of service (QoS) performance for these healthcare systems with a range of applications, system sizes, and network sizes is presented. Conclusions are drawn regarding future healthcare systems and internet designs along with directions for future research.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Isolation and Performance of Control Planes for Fog Computing

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungwoon Lee ◽  
Chiyoung Lee ◽  
Cheol-Ho Hong ◽  
Chuck Yoo
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Control Plane ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Network Switches

Fog computing, which places computing resources close to IoT devices, can offer low latency data processing for IoT applications. With software-defined networking (SDN), fog computing can enable network control logics to become programmable and run on a decoupled control plane, rather than on a physical switch. Therefore, network switches are controlled via the control plane. However, existing control planes have limitations in providing isolation and high performance, which are crucial to support multi-tenancy and scalability in fog computing. In this paper, we present optimization techniques for Linux to provide isolation and high performance for the control plane of SDN. The new techniques are (1) separate execution environment (SE2), which separates the execution environments between multiple control planes, and (2) separate packet processing (SP2), which reduces the complexity of the existing network stack in Linux. We evaluate the proposed techniques on commodity hardware and show that the maximum performance of a control plane increases by four times compared to the native Linux while providing strong isolation.

scholarly journals Mapping Neural Networks to FPGA-Based IoT Devices for Ultra-Low Latency Processing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wielgosz ◽  
Michał Karwatowski
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Latency Reduction ◽  
Covariance Matrix Adaptation ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Access To Knowledge

Internet of things (IoT) infrastructure, fast access to knowledge becomes critical. In some application domains, such as robotics, autonomous driving, predictive maintenance, and anomaly detection, the response time of the system is more critical to ensure Quality of Service than the quality of the answer. In this paper, we propose a methodology, a set of predefined steps to be taken in order to map the models to hardware, especially field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), with the main focus on latency reduction. Multi-objective covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (MO-CMA-ES) was employed along with custom scores for sparsity, bit-width of the representation and quality of the model. Furthermore, we created a framework which enables mapping of neural models to FPGAs. The proposed solution is validated using three case studies and Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC 285 XCZU15EG as a platform. The results show a compression ratio for quantization and pruning in different scenarios with and without retraining procedures. Using our publicly available framework, we achieved 210 ns of latency for a single processing step for a model composed of two long short-term memory (LSTM) and a single dense layer.

AN INTELLIGENT DIABETES MOBILE CARE SYSTEM WITH ALERT MECHANISM

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
REN-GUEY LEE ◽  
CHUN-CHIEH HSIAO ◽  
KUEI-CHIEN CHEN ◽  
MING-HSIO LIU
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Care Chain ◽  
Quality Of Diabetes Care ◽  
Role Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Care System

Diabetes mellitus is a kind of chronic disease which can be effectively prevented and controlled only if the blood glucose level of the patient is constantly monitored, and the health education and professional medicine care is fully supported. In this paper a role-based intelligent diabetes mobile care system with alert mechanism in full diabetic care environment is proposed and implemented. The roles in our system include patients, physicians, nurses, and home care assistants. Each of the roles uses a mobile device such as a PDA with GSM module or a mobile phone to communicate with the server so that he or she can go around without restrictions. Our system provides alert management by using an automaticl urgency strategy to assure the information correctness and notification completeness so as to improve the quality of diabetes care. The reliability test and performance test have also shown that our system can provide fast and reliable assistance to the diabetes patients. With the help of our system, it is possible to set up a whole intelligent diabetes care chain in the care center.

scholarly journals Boosting a Weather Monitoring System in Low Income Economies Using Open and Non-Conventional Systems: Data Quality Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Strigaro ◽  
Massimiliano Cannata ◽  
Milan Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
General Packet Radio Service ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conventional Systems

In low-income and developing countries, inadequate weather monitoring systems adversely affect the capacity of managing natural resources and related risks. Low-cost and IoT devices combined with a large diffusion of mobile connection and open technologies offer a possible solution to this problem. This research quantitatively evaluates the data quality of a non-conventional, low-cost and fully open system. The proposed novel solution was tested for a duration of 8 months, and the collected observations were compared with a nearby authoritative weather station. The experimental weather station is based in Arduino and transmits data through the 2G General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) to the istSOS which is a software to set-up a web service to collect, share and manage observations from sensor networks using the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The results demonstrated that this accessible solution produces data of appropriate quality for natural resource and risk management.

Future Networked Healthcare Systems

Big Data ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 2429-2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Ali Faisal ◽  
Saleh Altowaijri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Health Level 7 ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Qos Performance ◽  
Computational Resources

Future healthcare systems and organizations demand huge computational resources, and the ability for the applications to interact and communicate with each other, within and across organizational boundaries. This chapter aims to explore state-of-the-art of the healthcare landscape and presents an analysis of networked healthcare systems with a focus on networking traffic and architectures. To this end, the relevant technologies including networked healthcare architectures and performance studies, Health Level 7 (HL7), big data, and cloud computing, are reviewed. Subsequently, a study of healthcare systems, applications and traffic over local, metro, and wide area networks is presented using multi-hospital cross-continent scenarios. The network architectures for these systems are described. A detailed study to explore quality of service (QoS) performance for these healthcare systems with a range of applications, system sizes, and network sizes is presented. Conclusions are drawn regarding future healthcare systems and internet designs along with directions for future research.

scholarly journals The Yanus-Like Quality of the Ukrainian Audit

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
О. REDKO
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
External Control ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of

The external control over the quality of audit is exercised in Ukraine due to the requirement of the specialized law, in spite of the missing definition of the quality of audit and its criteria in domestic and international normative documents. The article’s objective is to draw attention to the issue of the quality of audit by elaborating on its dual nature, terms and principles for organization of control over business results of auditing entities and user expectations concerning these results. For this purpose, the quality of audit is addressed from two dimensions: external and internal. The external dimension of the quality of audit is analyzed in terms of expectations concerning the quality of audit, held by users of audit results (official regulatory bodies of bank, financial and corporate relations; official fiscal bodies and controlling bodies of public supervision over auditors; actual owners of businesses; hired management) and the coincidence between these expectations and actual results of audit. The internal dimension of the quality of audit is analyzed in terms of auditing entities and their expectations from the categories of entities such as customers, owners of customers, controlling bodies, personnel of auditing entities or invited external auditors or experts. Distinctive features of the Ukrainian market of audit services are highlighted, prevalence of supply over demand in the first place. Questions are posed which need to be responded for proper organization of control over the quality of audit:      Is control over the quality of audit is necessary? If “yes”, then to whom? Do formalized expectations of users of audit results concerning the quality of its result really exist? If audit is a type of control over the quality of reporting and management on the whole, would it be expedient to set up control over the controller? What is the essential meaning of effectiveness and performance of control over the quality of audit, especially external one? Can positive results of the external inspection of auditing entities to the effect of the quality of audit be regarded as “indulgence” for a certain period, or the permanent external control is needed after all? Should control over the quality of audit be obligatory only for the auditing entities involved in inspections of entities of public interest, or should it cover all the auditing entities without exception? The analysis gave grounds to the author to ask if it would be more expedient in the Ukrainian realities that the term “quality of auditing” was abandoned and replaced by the term “compliance with the standards”.  

Imaging through Scattering Media with a Learning Based Prior

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (14) ◽  
pp. 306-1-306-6
Author(s):  
Florian Schiffers ◽  
Lionel Fiske ◽  
Pablo Ruiz ◽  
Aggelos K. Katsaggelos ◽  
Oliver Cossairt
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Photon Scattering ◽  
Point Spread ◽  
Spread Function ◽  
Radiative Transport Equation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Transient Imaging

Imaging through scattering media finds applications in diverse fields from biomedicine to autonomous driving. However, interpreting the resulting images is difficult due to blur caused by the scattering of photons within the medium. Transient information, captured with fast temporal sensors, can be used to significantly improve the quality of images acquired in scattering conditions. Photon scattering, within a highly scattering media, is well modeled by the diffusion approximation of the Radiative Transport Equation (RTE). Its solution is easily derived which can be interpreted as a Spatio-Temporal Point Spread Function (STPSF). In this paper, we first discuss the properties of the ST-PSF and subsequently use this knowledge to simulate transient imaging through highly scattering media. We then propose a framework to invert the forward model, which assumes Poisson noise, to recover a noise-free, unblurred image by solving an optimization problem.

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