scholarly journals Collaborative Resource Management for Negotiable Multi-Operator Small Cell Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Shah ◽  
Somsak Kittipiyakul ◽  
Yuto Lim ◽  
Yasuo Tan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
User Data ◽  
Mobile Network Operators ◽  
Cell Networks ◽  
Mutual Agreement

The ubiquitous coverage/connectivity requirement of wireless cellular networks has shifted mobile network operators’ (MNOs) interest toward dense deployment of small cells with coverage areas that are much smaller as compared to macrocell base stations (MBSs). Multi-operator small cells could provide virtualization of network resources (infrastructure and spectrum) and enable its efficient utilization, i.e., uninterrupted coverage and connectivity to subscribers, and an opportunity to avoid under-utilization of the network resources. However, a MNO with exclusive ownership to network resources would have little incentive to utilize its precious resources to serve users of other MNOs, since MNOs differentiate among others based on their ownership of the licensed spectrum. Thus, considering network resources scarcity and under-utilization, this paper proposes a mechanism for multi-operator small cells collaboration through negotiation that establishes a mutual agreement acceptable to all involved parties, i.e., a win–win situation for the collaborating MNOs. It enables subscribers of a MNO to utilize other MNOs’ network resources, and allows MNOs to offer small cells “as a service” to users with ubiquitous access to wireless coverage/connectivity, maximize the use of an existing network resources by serving additional users from a market share, and enhance per-user data rate. We validated and evaluated the proposed mechanism through simulations considering various performance metrics.

scholarly journals Modeling multi-tier heterogeneous small cell networks: rate and coverage performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Moubachir Madani Fadoul
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Factorial Moment ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
Grid Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cell Networks

Abstract The rapid growth of small cells is driving cellular network toward randomness and heterogeneity. The multi-tier heterogeneous network (HetNet) addresses the massive connectivity demands of the emerging cellular networks. Cellular networks are usually modeled by placing each tier (e.g macro, pico and relay nodes) deterministically on a grid which ignores the spatial randomness of the nodes. Several works were idealized for not capturing the interference which is a major performance bottleneck. Overcoming such limitation by realistic models is much appreciated. Multi-tier relay cellular network is studied in this paper, In particular, we consider $${\mathscr {K}}$$ K -tier transmission modeled by factorial moment and stochastic geometry and compare it with a single-tier, traditional grid model and multi-antenna ultra-dense network (UDN) model to obtain tractable rate coverage and coverage probability. The locations of the relays, base stations, and users nodes are modeled as a Poisson Point Process. The results showed that the proposed model outperforms the traditional multi-antenna UDN model and its accuracy is confirmed to be similar to the traditional grid model. The obtained results from the proposed and comparable models demonstrate the effectiveness and analytical tractability to study the HetNet performance.

scholarly journals On Exploiting Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Trading in Countrywide Mobile Network Operators for High Spectral and Energy Efficiencies in 5G/6G Era

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3495
Author(s):  
Rony Kumer Saha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Spectrum Trading ◽  
Mobile Network Operators

In this paper, we propose a dynamic exclusive-use spectrum access (DESA) method to improve the overall licensed millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum utilization of all mobile network operators (MNOs) in a country. By exploiting secondary spectrum trading, the proposed DESA method shares partly and exclusively the licensed mmWave spectrum of one MNO to another in a dynamic and on-demand basis for a certain agreement term. We formulate the proposed DESA method for an arbitrary number of MNOs in a country. We then present an iterative algorithm to find the optimal amount of shared spectrum for each MNO, which is updated at each agreement term. We derive average capacity, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and cost efficiency performance metrics for all MNOs countrywide and present extensive numerical and simulation results and analyses for an example scenario of a country with four MNOs each assigned statically with an equal amount of 28-GHz mmWave spectrum. By applying DESA, we show that MNOs with a lack of minimum licensed spectra to serve their data traffic can lease at the cost of payment of the required additional spectra from other MNOs having unused or under-utilized licensed spectra. Moreover, it is shown that the overall countrywide average capacity, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and cost efficiency can be improved, respectively, by 25%, 25%, 17.5%, and 20%. Furthermore, we show that, by applying DESA to all MNOs countrywide, the expected spectral efficiency and energy efficiency requirements for sixth-generation (6G) mobile systems can be achieved by reusing the same mmWave spectrum to 20% fewer buildings of small cells. Finally, using the statistics of subscribers of all MNOs, we present a case study for fifth-generation (5G) networks to demonstrate the application of the proposed DESA method to an arbitrary country of four MNOs.

scholarly journals On the Performance of UAV-Aided Content Caching in Small-Cell Networks with Joint Transmission

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Menghan Wei ◽  
Youjia Chen ◽  
Ming Ding
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
Content Caching ◽  
Cell Networks ◽  
Joint Transmission

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), featured by the high-mobility and high-quality propagation environment, have shown great potential in wireless communication applications. In this paper, a novel UAV-aided small-cell content caching network is proposed and analyzed, where joint transmission (JT) is considered in the dense small-cell networks and mobile UAVs are employed to shorten the serving distance. The system performance is evaluated in terms of the average cache hit probability and the ergodic transmission rate. From the analytical results, we find that (i) the proposed UAV-aided small-cell network shows superior caching performance and, even with a small density of UAVs the system’s cache hit probability, can be improved significantly; (ii) the content’s optimal caching probability to maximize the cache hit probability is proportional to the (K+1)-th root of its request probability, where K is the number of small-cell base stations that serve each user by JT; (iii) caching the most popular content in UAVs may lead to a low transmission rate due to the limited resource offered by the low-density UAVs. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical results and the performance gain achieved by the optimal caching strategy.

Distributed Dynamic Resource Allocation for OFDMA-Based Cognitive Small Cell Networks Using a Regret-Matching Game Approach

2015 ◽  
pp. 230-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Sheng Lai ◽  
Tsung-Hui Chang ◽  
Ta-Sung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
Distributed Resource Allocation ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Resource Allocation Strategy ◽  
Matching Game ◽  
Cell Networks

Game theoretical approaches have been used to develop distributed resource allocation technologies for cognitive heterogeneous networks. In this chapter, we present a novel distributed resource allocation strategy for cognitive small cell networks based on orthogonal frequency-division multiple access. In particular, we consider a heterogeneous network consisting of macrocell networks overlaid with cognitive small cells that opportunistically access the available spectrum. We focus on a regret-matching game approach, aiming at maximizing the total throughput of the small cell network subject to cross-tier interference and quality of service (QoS) constraints. The regret-matching game approach exploits a regret procedure to learn the optimal resource allocation strategy from the regrets of the actions of cognitive users. Furthermore, the regret-matching game approach is extended to the joint resource allocation and user admission control problem. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed regre-matching approaches.

Game Theory-Based Radio Resource Optimization in Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks (HSCNs)

2015 ◽  
pp. 137-183
Author(s):  
Mugen Peng ◽  
Yaohua Sun ◽  
Chengdan Sun ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Radio Resource Allocation ◽  
Radio Resource ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Cell Networks

To optimize radio resource allocation, the game theory is utilized as a powerful tool because its characteristic can be adaptive to the distribution characteristics of in heterogeneous small cell networks (HSCNs). This chapter summarizes the recent achievements for the game theory based radio resource allocation in HSCNs, where macro base stations (MBSs) and dense small cell base stations (SBSs) share the same frequency spectrum and interfere with each other. Two kinds of game models are introduced to optimize the radio resource allocation, namely the non-cooperative Stackelberg and the cooperative coalition. System models, optimization problem formulation, problem solution, and simulation results for these two kinds of game models are presented. Particularly, the Stackelberg models for HSCNs are presented with the Stackelberg equilibrium and the closed-form expressions. The coalition formations for traditional HCSNs, cloud small cell networks, and heterogeneous cloud small cell networks are introduced. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the proposed game theory based radio resource optimization strategies converged and efficient.

scholarly journals Backhaul-Aware Dimensioning and Planning of Millimeter-Wave Small Cell Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Pablo Muñoz ◽  
Oscar Adamuz-Hinojosa ◽  
Pablo Ameigeiras ◽  
Jorge Navarro-Ortiz ◽  
Juan J. Ramos-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Backhaul Networks ◽  
Cell Networks

The massive deployment of Small Cells (SCs) is increasingly being adopted by mobile operators to face the exponentially growing traffic demand. Using the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band in the access and backhaul networks will be key to provide the capacity that meets such demand. However, dimensioning and planning have become complex tasks, because the capacity requirements for mmWave links can significantly vary with the SC location. In this work, we address the problem of SC planning considering the backhaul constraints, assuming that a line-of-sight (LOS) between the nodes is required to reliably support the traffic demand. Such a LOS condition reduces the set of potential site locations. Simulation results show that, under certain conditions, the proposed algorithm is effective in finding solutions and strongly efficient in computational cost when compared to exhaustive search approaches.

scholarly journals Countrywide Mobile Spectrum Sharing with Small Indoor Cells for Massive Spectral and Energy Efficiencies in 5G and Beyond Mobile Networks

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony Kumer Saha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Interference Management ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Generic Model

In this paper, we propose a technique to share the licensed spectrums of all mobile network operators (MNOs) of a country with in-building small cells per MNO by exploiting the external wall penetration loss of a building and introducing the time-domain eICIC technique. The proposed technique considers allocating the dedicated spectrum Bop per MNO only its to outdoor macro UEs, whereas the total spectrum of all MNOs of the country Bco to its small cells indoor per building such that technically any small indoor cell of an MNO can have access to Bco instead of merely Bop assigned only to the MNO itself. We develop an interference management strategy as well as an algorithm for the proposed technique. System-level capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency performance metrics are derived, and a generic model for energy efficiency is presented. An optimal amount of small indoor cell density in terms of the number of buildings L carrying these small cells per MNO to trade-off the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency is derived. With the system-level numerical and simulation results, we define an optimal value of L for a dense deployment of small indoor cells of an MNO and show that the proposed spectrum sharing technique can achieve massive indoor capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency for the MNO. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed spectrum sharing technique could meet both the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency requirements for 5G mobile networks for numerous traffic arrival rates to small indoor cells per building of an MNO.

scholarly journals Harvested Energy Maximization of SWIPT System with Popularity Cache Scheme in Dense Small Cell Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xuefei Peng ◽  
Jiandong Li
Keyword(s):  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Maximization Problem ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
Splitting Ratio ◽  
Energy Maximization ◽  
Cache Scheme ◽  
Cell Networks

In this paper, we propose a harvested energy maximization problem of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with popularity cache scheme in dense small cell networks. Firstly, network model, content request, and popularity cache schemes are provided in the system model. Then, we establish a harvested energy maximization problem of SWIPT system with popularity cache scheme in dense small cell networks, where maximum transmit power of small cell base stations (SBSs), minimum rate requirement, i.e., quality of service (QoS) of user terminals (UTs), and power splitting ratio are considered. Further, an iterative power splitting ratio and power allocation optimization (IPSPA) algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated problem. Finally, the better performance of our proposed method is demonstrated through a number of simulations. These results are of significance for maximizing harvesting energy of UTs and reducing consumption of backhaul resources and energy.

scholarly journals A Planning and Optimization Framework for Ultra Dense Cellular Deployments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David González González ◽  
Edward Mutafungwa ◽  
Beneyam Haile ◽  
Jyri Hämäläinen ◽  
Héctor Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Demand Distribution ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
The Impact

To accommodate the ever-expanding wireless data traffic volumes, mobile network operators are complementing their macrocellular networks by deploying low-power base stations (or small cells) to offload traffic from congested macrocells and to reuse spectrum. To that end, Ultra Dense Network (UDN) deployments provide means to aggressively reuse spectrum, thus providing significant enhancements in terms of system capacity. However, these deployments entail several challenges, including the increased complexity in network planning and optimization. In this paper, we propose a versatile optimization framework for planning UDN deployments. The planning and optimization framework is underpinned by metrics that consider scalability in terms of number of users, cost of densification, and fairness. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a real-world UDN planning case. The numerical results expose a number of interesting insights, including the impact of different bandwidth allocation strategies and spatial service demand distribution on the performance of various network topologies. Specifically, we provide a performance comparison of the optimized UDN topologies versus random (unplanned), regular grid, and heuristically derived UDN topologies. This comparison further underlines the need for flexible network planning and optimization frameworks as different operator performance metrics of interest may require different radio access networks configurations.

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