scholarly journals Development of an On-Board Measurement System for Railway Vehicle Wheel Flange Wear

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pacifique Turabimana ◽  
Celestin Nkundineza
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Flange Thickness ◽  
Measurement Tools

The maintenance of railway systems is critical for their safe operation. However some landscape geographical features force the track line to have sharp curves with small radii. Sharp curves are known to be the main source of wheel flange wear. The reduction of wheel flange thickness to an extreme level increases the probability of train accidents. To avoid the unsafe operation of a rail vehicle, it is important to stay continuously up to date on the status of the wheel flange thickness dimensions by using precise and accurate measurement tools. The wheel wear measurement tools that are based on laser and vision technology are quite expensive to implement in railway lines of developing countries. Alternatively significant measurement errors can result from using imprecise measurement tools such as the hand tools, which are currently utilized by the railway companies such as Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit Service (AALRTS). Thus, the objective of this research is to propose and test a new measurement tool that uses an inductive displacement sensor. The proposed system works in both static and dynamic state of the railway vehicle and it is able to save the historical records of the wheel flange thickness for further analysis. The measurement system is fixed on the bogie frame. The fixture was designed using dimensions of the bogie and wheelset structure of the trains currently used by AALRTS. Laboratory experiments and computer simulations for of the electronic system were carried out to assess the feasibility of the data acquisition and analysis method. The noises and unwanted signals due to the dynamics of the system are filtered out from the sensor readings. The results show that the implementation of the proposed measurement system can accurately measure the wheel flange wear. Also, the faulty track section can be identified using the system recorded data and the operational control center data.

NORMALIZATION OF THE PERMISSIBLE ERROR AND THE CHOICE OF MEASUREMENT TOOLS FOR CONTROLLING DEVIATIONS IN THE SHAPE AND LOCATION OF SURFACES

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Leonov ◽  
◽  
NINA ZH. SHKARUBA ◽  
LAVRENTIY A. GRINCHENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Shape Deviation ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Surface Location ◽  
Metrological Control

The reliability of repaired engines is determined by many factors, among which the accuracy of the geometric parameters of engine parts plays an important role. Errors in the shape and location of the surfaces of parts cause additional acceleration of moving parts and reduce the accuracy of kinematic pairs. Violation of the movement kinematics of parts leads to a deterioration in the technical performance of the engine. In this regard, increasing the level of metrological control of shape deviation and surface location is one of the ways to improve the quality of engine repairs. Analysis of the measurement tools recommended in the reference literature has shown that they were chosen irrespective of the controlled values and without taking into account the type of measurement. The purpose of this study is to develop recommendations for improving metrological control of deviations in the shape and location of surfaces of parts during engine repairs. The paper provides theoretical grounds for choosing the criteria for selecting measuring instruments to control deviations in the shape and location of the surfaces of parts, taking into account the relevant formula. The result of indirect measurement and the measurement error (deviation of the shape and location of the surfaces of parts) are considered random values functionally related to the measured values (diameters of a part). The limits of permissible measurement errors and measurement tool errors are determined to control the deviation of the shape and location of the surfaces of new engine parts and parts subject to troubleshooting. The authors have carried out a comparative analysis of the obtained values with the error values of measuring instruments recommended in the reference literature. It has been established that most of the recommended measuring instruments have an error greater than the allowed measurement error. To reduce the risk of accepting parts that exceed the deviation norms relating to the shape and location of surfaces, it has been suggested using special criteria when selecting measuring instruments.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Health Literacy Measurement Tools in the Context of Cardiovascular Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Wai Yu Chan ◽  
Adnan Kisa
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Valid Measurement ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Health Literacy Measurement ◽  
Print Literacy

Background. Despite the strong link between health literacy and cardiovascular health outcomes, health literacy measurements remain flawed and fragmented. There exists a gap in the knowledge when formulating a valid measurement to capture the broad concept of health literacy. The existence of various tools for health literacy measurement also hampers the availability of health literacy data. Additionally, little research is available on a valid measurement tool for cardiovascular health literacy. Objective. This study aims to provide an overview of the health literacy measurement tools used in the context of cardiovascular health. Method. A scoping review was conducted. Two electronic databases, Medline and Embase, were searched to identify studies that described a tool for the measurement of health literacy in the context of cardiovascular health. Results. After reviewing the available studies, 53 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 26 health literacy measurement tools were identified in the studies. Among the 26 tools, 16 used an objective measurement approach, 9 adopted a subjective approach, and 1 employed a mixed approach. Additionally, 28 studies used tools to measure print literacy, 15 studies measured print literacy and numeracy, and 5 studies measured print literacy, oral literacy, and numeracy. Conclusions. STOFHLA, TOFHLA, and REALM were the mostly commonly used tools in the selected studies. The majority of tools were based heavily on reading skills and word recognition. Researchers should focus on the development of more comprehensive and reliable health literacy measurement tool(s) specific to cardiovascular health to assist health care providers to more efficiently and accurately identify people with cardiovascular problems who have inadequate health literacy.

scholarly journals Suitability of Measurement Tools for Assessing the Prevalence of Child Domestic Work: A Rapid Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Nicola S. Pocock ◽  
Clara W. Chan ◽  
Cathy Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Nationally Representative

Child domestic work (CDW) is a hidden form of child labour. Globally, there were an estimated 17.2 million CDWs aged 5–17 in 2012, but there has been little critical analysis of methods and survey instruments used to capture prevalence of CDW. This rapid systematic review identified and critically reviewed the measurement tools used to estimate CDWs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019148702). Fourteen studies were included. In nationally representative surveys, CDW prevalence ranged from 17% among 13–24-year-old females in Haiti to 2% of children aged 10–17 in Brazil. Two good quality studies and one good quality measurement tool were identified. CDW prevalence was assessed using occupation-based methods (n = 9/14), household roster (n = 7) and industry methods (n = 4). Six studies combined approaches. Four studies included task-based questions; one study used this method to formally calculate prevalence. The task-based study estimated 30,000 more CDWs compared to other methods. CDWs are probably being undercounted, based on current standard measurement approaches. We recommend use of more sensitive, task-based methods for inclusion in household surveys. The cognitive and pilot testing of newly developed task-based questions is essential to ensure comprehension. In analyses, researchers should consider CDWs who may be disguised as distant or non-relatives.

scholarly journals Research on Temperature Compensation Method in Crankshaft Online Measurement System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7558
Author(s):  
Tingting Gu ◽  
Xiaoming Qian ◽  
Peihuang Lou
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Compensation Method ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Online Measurement ◽  
High Precision Measurement ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Dragonfly Algorithm ◽  
Measuring Machine

The crankshaft online measurement system has realized the full inspection function with fast beats, at the same time it requires for high-precision measurement. Considering the effect of ambient temperature and temperature changes on measuring machine, the calibration part, the measured crankshaft and displacement sensor, a temperature compensation method is proposed. Firstly, relationship between calibration part and ambient temperature can be get through the zero calibration. Then use the material properties to obtain compensation values of the calibration part and the measured crankshaft part at different temperatures. Finally, the compensation parameters for displacement sensor can be obtained through the BP algorithm. The improved dragonfly algorithm (DA) is used to optimize the parameters of BP neural network algorithm. Experiments verify the effectiveness of IDA-BP for LVDT in temperature compensation. After temperature compensation, the error range of main journal radius is reduced from 0.0156 mm to 0.0028 mm, the residual error decreased from −0.0282 mm~+0.0018 mm to −0.0058 mm~−0.0008 mm. The influence of temperature changes on the measurement is reduced and measurement accuracy is improved through the temperature compensation method. The effectiveness of the method is proved.

Measuring lower limb circumference and volume – introduction of a novel optical 3D volumetric measurement system

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Thomas Tischer ◽  
Sebastian Oye ◽  
Andreas Wolf ◽  
Frank Feldhege ◽  
Robert Jacksteit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Volumetric Measurement ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Very High

AbstractThis study comprised two experiments: (1) the reliability of a novel optical three-dimensional (3D) volumetric measurement system (BODYTRONIC® 600) for the assessment of lower limb circumference and volume; (2) the comparison of data obtained from BODYTRONIC® 600 with that provided by computed tomography (CT) for accuracy estimation. Reliability was assessed in 20 healthy subjects. Accuracy was determined by comparing the deviations in the surface topology of two 3D models obtained from BODYTRONIC® 600 and CT. Reliability was very high for leg circumference measures [coefficient of variations (CVs) range 0.3%–1.3%] and slightly lower for foot circumference (CVs around 2.0%). Reliability of leg volume was also found to be very high (CVs ≤ 2.5%). Differences in surface topology between BODYTRONIC® 600 and CT were primarily below 1 mm indicating high accuracy. The volumes of the foot were higher (range 0.9%–1.7%) and that of the leg, lower (range 1.0%–1.3%) compared to CT. The BODYTRONIC® 600 system provides fast, highly reliable and accurate measures of lower limb circumference and volume and can be considered as a valuable measurement tool for use in various research and clinical applications.

Design and Application of the Deviation Automatic Measurement System for Tower Frame of Cable Crane

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Guang Min Cao ◽  
Fa Ju Qiu ◽  
Wei Yan Shang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
High Labor ◽  
Automatic Measurement System ◽  
Deviation Measurement ◽  
Cable Crane ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
High Application

An automatic measurement system used on deviation measurement of the cable crane tower has been designed, and the development ideas and the key codes have also been given. Then by experiment, it has been improved that the system has overcame the shortcomings of low efficiency and high labor intensity existed in the previous manual targeting, and measurement errors have also been reduced by the automatic measurement system. Based on the above advantages, the system has a high application value and promotion prospects.

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