scholarly journals Residual Energy Analysis in Cognitive Radios with Energy Harvesting UAV under Reliability and Secrecy Constraints

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Khalid ◽  
Heejung Yu ◽  
Song Noh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Cognitive Radios ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Secure Communications ◽  
Primary Spectrum ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy

The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a cognitive radio (CR) technology can improve the spectrum utilization. However, UAV network services demand reliable and secure communications, along with energy efficiency to prolong battery life. We consider an energy harvesting UAV (e.g., surveillance drone) flying periodically in a circular track around a ground-mounted primary transmitter. The UAV, with limited-energy budget, harvests radio frequency energy and uses the primary spectrum band opportunistically. To obtain intuitive insight into the performance of energy-harvesting, and reliable and secure communications, the closed-form expressions of the residual energy, connection outage probability, and secrecy outage probability, respectively, are analytically derived. We construct the optimization problems of residual energy with reliable and secure communications, under scenarios without and with an eavesdropper, respectively, and the analytical solutions are obtained with the approximation of perfect sensing. The numerical simulations verify the analytical results and identify the requirements of length of sensing phase and transmit power for the maximum residual energy in both reliable and secure communication scenarios. Additionally, it is shown that the residual energy in secure communication is lower than that in reliable communication.

scholarly journals Outage Analysis and Power Allocation Optimization for Multiple Energy-Harvesting Relay System Using SWIPT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Liu ◽  
Qi Zhu ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Cooperative Relaying ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Relay System

Energy harvesting (EH) combined with cooperative relying plays a promising role in future wireless communication systems. We consider a wireless multiple EH relay system. All relays are assumed to be EH nodes with simultaneous wireless and information transfer (SWIPT) capabilities, which means the relays are wirelessly powered by harvesting energy from the received signal. Each EH node separates the input RF signal into two parts which are, respectively, for EH and information transmission using the power splitting (PS) protocol. In this paper, a closed-form outage probability expression is derived for the cooperative relaying system based on the characteristic function of the system’s probability density function (PDF) with only one relay. With the approximation of the outage probability expression, three optimization problems are built to minimize the outage probability under different constraints. We use the Lagrange method and Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition to solve the optimization problems to jointly optimize the relay’s PS factors and the transmit power. Numerical results show that our derived expression of the outage probability is accuracy and gives insights into the effect of various system parameters on the performance of protocols. Meanwhile, compared with the no optimal condition, our proposed optimization algorithms can all offer superior performance under different system constraints.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency optimization-based resource allocation for underlay RF-CRN with residual energy and QoS guarantee

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tian ◽  
He Xiao ◽  
Yimao Sun ◽  
Dong Hou ◽  
Xianglu Li
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Cognitive Radio Network ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Radio Network ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Radio Frequency Energy

Abstract How to achieve energy-efficient transmission in radio frequency energy harvesting cognitive radio network (RF-CRN) is of great importance when nodes in CRN are self-maintained. This paper presents a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting hardware-based underlay cognitive radio network (RH-CRN) structure, where a secondary transmitter (ST) first harvests energy from RF signals source originating from the primary network, and then communicates with a secondary receiver (SR) in underlay mode by using the harvested energy. The total consumed energy by the secondary user (SU) must be equal to or less than the total harvested energy referred to as energy causality constraint, In addition, the ST possesses some initial energy which may be the residual energy from the former transmission blocks, and we consider the energy loss of energy harvesting circuit as a systematic factor as well. Our goal is to achieve the maximum energy efficiency (EE) of the secondary network by jointly optimizing transmitting time and power. To guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of secondary transceiver, a minimum requirement of throughput constraint is imposed on the ST in the process of EE maximization. As the EE maximization is a nonlinear fractional programming problem, a quick iterative algorithm based on Dinkelbach’s method is proposed to achieve the optimal resource allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy has fast convergence and can improve the system EE greatly while ensuring the QoS.

scholarly journals Security–reliability tradeoff analysis of untrusted energy harvesting relay networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155014771875472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dechuan Chen ◽  
Weiwei Yang ◽  
Jianwei Hu ◽  
Weifeng Mou ◽  
Yueming Cai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Relay Networks ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Amplify And Forward ◽  
Time Switching ◽  
Radio Frequency Signals ◽  
Secrecy Outage ◽  
Analytical Expressions

We investigate secure communications in untrusted energy harvesting relay networks, where the amplify-and-forward relay is an energy constrained node powered by the received radio frequency signals, and try to unauthorizedly decode the confidential information from the source. The secrecy outage probability and connection outage probability are respectively derived in closed-form to evaluate the security and reliability for three energy harvesting strategies, for example, time switching relaying strategy, power splitting relaying strategy, and ideal relaying receiver strategy. Subsequently, the effective secrecy throughput is conducted to characterize the overall efficiency, and the asymptotic analysis of the secrecy throughput is given to determine the optimal energy harvesting strategies in different operating regimes. Furthermore, in order to achieve the optimal effective secrecy throughput performance, a switching threshold between time switching relaying and power splitting relaying is designed. Numerical results verify the accuracy of the analytical expressions and reveal that the effective secrecy throughput of the system can be effectively promoted by the threshold switching energy harvesting strategy.

scholarly journals Rate Adaption for Secure HARQ-CC System with Multiple Eavesdroppers

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Shishu Yin ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Pei Yang ◽  
Hongwen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Outage Probability ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Code Rate ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Secrecy Outage ◽  
Iterative Optimization Algorithm

In this paper, we studied the secure transmission of a hybrid automatic repeat request with chase combining (HARQ-CC) system, under the existence of multiple eavesdroppers and limited latency. First, we analyzed some critical performance metrics, including connection outage probability (COP), secrecy outage probability (SOP) and effective secrecy throughput (EST). Then, to maximize the EST, three optimization problems of rate adaption were discussed: (i) optimizing the code rate with a given secrecy redundancy rate by a parameterized closed-form solution; (ii) optimizing the secrecy redundancy rate with a given code rate by a fixed-point method; (iii) optimizing both code rate and secrecy redundancy rate by an iterative optimization algorithm. We also considered COP and SOP constraints among the problems while corresponding solutions were deduced. Finally, numerical and simulated results verified our conclusions that the approximated SOP matches well with Monte–Carlo simulation for a strict reliable constraint, and that the optimized transmitting rate enhances EST efficiently with multiple eavesdroppers and retransmissions. Moreover, the influence of the number of eavesdroppers on secrecy performance was analyzed. Briefly, secrecy performance inevitably deteriorates with increasing number of eavesdroppers due to raised information leakage.

Secrecy outage probability of a two-way cooperative network with an energy harvesting untrusted AF relay

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashibhushan Sharma ◽  
Anurag Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Dhar Roy ◽  
Sumit Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Cooperative Network ◽  
Af Relay ◽  
Secrecy Outage

scholarly journals Impact of Channel Estimation-and-Artificial Noise Cancellation Imperfection on Artificial Noise-Aided Energy Harvesting Overlay Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuong Ho-Van ◽  
Thiem Do-Dac
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Channel Estimation ◽  
Overlay Networks ◽  
Cognitive Radios ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Noise Cancellation ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
Secrecy Outage

Abstract EHONs (Energy Harvesting Overlay Networks) satisfy stringent design requirements such as high energy-and-spectrum utilization efficiencies. However, due to open access nature of these networks, eavesdroppers can emulate cognitive radios to wire-tap legitimate information, inducing information security to become a great concern. In order to protect legitimate information against eavesdroppers, this paper generates artificial noise transmitted simultaneously with legitimate information to interfere eavesdroppers. Nonetheless, artificial noise cannot be perfectly suppressed at legitimate receivers as for its primary purpose of interfering only eavesdroppers. Moreover, channel information used for signal detection is hardly estimated at receivers with absolute accuracy. As such, to quickly evaluate impact of channel estimation-and-artificial noise cancellation imperfection on secrecy performance of secondary/primary communication in ANaEHONs (Artificial Noise-aided EHONs), this paper firstly proposes precise closed-form formulas of primary/secondary SOP (Secrecy Outage Probability). Then, computer simulations are provided to corroborate these formulas. Finally, various results are illustrated to shed insights into secrecy performance of ANaEHON with key system parameters from which optimum parameters are recognized. Notably, secondary/primary communication can be secured at different levels by flexibly adjusting various parameters of the proposed system model

scholarly journals Secure Transmission in mmWave Wiretap Channels: On Sector Guard Zone and Blockages

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Song ◽  
Weiwei Yang ◽  
Zhongwu Xiang ◽  
Yiliang Liu ◽  
Yueming Cai
Keyword(s):  
Outage Probability ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Secrecy Outage ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
Secure Transmission ◽  
Guard Zone

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is one of the key enabling technologies for fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. In this paper, we study the problem of secure communication in a mmWave wiretap network, where directional beamforming and link blockages are taken into account. For the secure transmission in the presence of spatially random eavesdroppers, an adaptive transmission scheme is adopted, for which sector secrecy guard zone and artificial noise (AN) are employed to enhance secrecy performance. When there exists no eavesdroppers within the sector secrecy guard zone, the transmitter only transmits information-bearing signal, and, conversely, AN along with information-bearing signal are transmitted. The closed-form expressions for secrecy outage probability (SOP), connection outage probability (COP) and secrecy throughput are derived under stochastic geometry. Then, we evaluate the effect of the sector secrecy guard zone and AN on the secrecy performance. Our results reveal that the application of the sector secrecy guard zone and AN can significantly improve the security of the system, and blockages also can be utilized to improve secrecy performance. An easy choice of transmit power and power allocation factor is provided for achieving higher secrecy throughput. Furthermore, increasing the density of eavesdroppers not always deteriorates the secrecy performance due to the use of the sector secrecy guard zone and AN.

scholarly journals Secure Communication in Cooperative SWIPT NOMA Systems with Non-Linear Energy Harvesting and Friendly Jamming

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Van Phu Tuan ◽  
Ic-Pyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Secrecy Outage ◽  
Friendly Jamming

This paper studies the secure communication of a non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) relaying system in the presence of an eavesdropper in which the NOMA communication between a source and two users is assisted by an energy-harvesting (EH) relay. The relay extracts a part of its received signal strength using a power-splitting (PS) policy then harvests energy using a non-linear EH (NLEH) circuit. A friendly jammer sends jamming signals to help secure communication. The jammer is exploited as an additional energy source. A store-and-transmit (SaT) scheme which allows the EH relay to perform energy storing and information transmitting is proposed. For performance evaluation, the closed-form expressions for three metrics, secrecy outage probability (SOP), average achievable secrecy rate (AASR) and average stored energy (ASE) are derived. These results enable studies on the effects of various system parameters, such as NOMA power-allocation factors, target secrecy rates, jammer’s location, and relay’s power levels, on the system performance.

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