scholarly journals Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Energy Trading on Blockchain Using Dual Binary Encoding for Inner Product Encryption

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Turabek Gaybullaev ◽  
Hee-Yong Kwon ◽  
Taesic Kim ◽  
Mun-Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Energy Trading ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Binary Encoding

The rapidly increasing expansion of distributed energy resources (DER), such as renewable energy systems and energy storage systems into the electric power system and the integration of advanced information and communication technologies enable DER owners to participate in the electricity market for grid services. For more efficient and reliable power system operation, the concept of peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has recently been proposed. The adoption of blockchain technology in P2P energy trading has been considered to be the most promising solution enabling secure smart contracts between prosumers and users. However, privacy concerns arise because the sensitive data and transaction records of the participants, i.e., the prosumers and the distribution system operator (DSO), become available to the blockchain nodes. Many efforts have been made to resolve this issue. A recent breakthrough in a P2P energy trading system on an Ethereum blockchain is that all bid values are encrypted using functional encryption and peer matching for trading is performed securely on these encrypted bids. Their protocol is based on a method that encodes integers to vectors and an algorithm that securely compares the ciphertexts of these vectors. However, the comparison method is not very efficient in terms of the range of possible bid values because the amount of computation grows linearly according to the size of this range. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a new bid encoding algorithm called dual binary encoding, which dramatically reduces the amount of computation as it is only proportional to the square of the logarithm of the size of the encoding range. Moreover, we propose a practical mechanism for rebidding the remaining amount caused when the amounts from the two matching peers are not equal. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is evaluated by using a virtual energy trade testbed and a private Ethereum blockchain platform.

scholarly journals Electricity market efficiency and voltage stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Helmy Mostafa Elkasrawy
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
System Layout

Several electricity markets were created in the last two decades by deregulation and restructuring vertically integrated utilities. In order to serve the best interest of participating entities, it is important to operate electricity markets at their maximum efficiency. In most cases, electricity markets were formed to operate on existing physical power systems that had evolved over several decades as vertically integrated utilities. Location of generating stations, large urban load centers and enabling transmission systems were unique to every power system and followed the 'lay of the land'. Depending upon a power system layout, voltage stability and margin to voltage collapse are unique to it. While an electricity market is to be operated efficiently, its optimal generation schedule to supply energy through an electric power system has to be reliable and meet the strict standards including those that relate to voltage stability. This work elicits the relationship between market efficiency and voltage stability. To this end, a formulation and a solution algorithm are presented. Two contrasting 5-bus cases illustrate how the transmission system layout influences the relationship between voltage stability and market efficiency. The IEEE 118-bus system is also used to illustrate this relationship.

scholarly journals Blockchain in Energy Efficiency: Potential Applications and Benefits

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Khatoon ◽  
Piyush Verma ◽  
Jo Southernwood ◽  
Beth Massey ◽  
Peter Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Trading ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract

Blockchain technology is ready to disrupt nearly every industry and business model, and the energy sector is no exception. Energy businesses across the world have already started exploring the use of blockchain technology in large-scale energy trading systems, peer-to-peer energy trading, project financing, supply chain tracking, and asset management among other applications. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) recently started revolutionizing the energy landscape, and now blockchain technology is providing an additional opportunity to make the energy system more intelligent, efficient, transparent, and secure in the longer term. The idea of this paper is to examine more closely the use of blockchain technology for its possible application in the energy efficiency industry and to determine how it could make energy efficiency markets more secure and transparent in the longer term. This paper examines in detail the key benefits and implications of using blockchain in the energy efficiency sector through the presentation and discussion of two case studies as possible blockchain applications—(i) the UK Energy Company Obligation scheme and (ii) the Italian White Certificate Scheme. We have presented how the key issues around trading energy efficiency savings—correctly estimating the savings, data transparency among stakeholders, and inefficient administrative processes—can be solved through the application of a blockchain-based smart contract system. Finally, this paper presents an implementation of a smart contract for trading of energy-saving certificates achieved via execution of smart contract transactions on the Ethereum blockchain.

scholarly journals Reliability Analysis of Distribution Network Based on Reliability Index Assessment Method: A Case Study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Putri Zulianti ◽  
Abraham Lomi ◽  
Eko Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reliability Index ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Frequency Index

A primary requirement of a modern electric power system is reasonable ability to satisfy the customer load requirements. Electric utilities involve generation, transmission, and distribution facilities each one of which contributes its own inherent difficulties to the problem of satisfying customer requirement. A power system should be designed and expanded the facilities in order to perform its intended function with a reasonable risk. With increasing the electrical energy demand and the potential of disruption that may occur in the system, the distribution system must have high reliability and continues supply to customer. In this case, the reliability of the distribution system needs to be evaluated by monitoring and analyzing the level of distribution system failure in a certain period of time.  A study on a practical distribution system with application of automatic circuit reclosers (ACRs) which plays an important role in enhancing the reliability index of system is presented. The reliability index assessment analyze the reliability index of the existing system before and after application of ACRs. From the simulation point of view, the system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) is about 19.43% or decreased the failure frequent event from 11.4 failure/ customer.year to 9.25 failure/customer.year); while the momentary average interruption frequency index (MAIFI) has decreased from 6.72 failure/customer.year to 5.05 failure/ customer.year, or increase the reliability index of about 24.85%.

An Intelligent Sensor Framework for the Power Grid

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bora Akyol ◽  
Jereme Haack ◽  
Cody Tews ◽  
Brandon Carpenter ◽  
Anand Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Micro Grids

The number of sensors connected to the electric power system is expected to grow by several orders of magnitude by 2020. However, the information networks which will transmit and analyze the resulting data are ill-equipped to handle the resulting volume with reliable real-time delivery. Without the ability to manage and use this data, deploying sensors such as phasor measurement units in the transmission system and smart meters in the distribution system will not result in the desired improvements in the power grid. The ability to exploit the massive data being generated by new sensors would allow for more efficient flow of power and increased survivability of the grid. Additionally, the power systems of today are not capable of managing two-way power flow to accommodate distributed generation capabilities due to concerns about system stability and lack of system flexibility. The research that we are performing creates a framework to add “intelligence” to the sensors and actuators being used today in the electric power system. Sensors that use our framework will be capable of sharing information through the various layers of the electric power system to enable two-way information flow to help facilitate integration of distributed resources. Several techniques are considered including use of peer-to-peer communication as well as distributed agents. Specifically, we will have software agents operating on systems with differing levels of computing power. The agents will cooperate to bring computation closer to the data. The types of computation considered are control decisions, data analysis, and demand/response. When paired with distributed autonomous controllers, the sensors form the basis of an information system that supports deployment of both micro-grids and islanding. Our efforts in the area of developing the next generation information infrastructure for sensors in the power grid form the basis of a broader strategy that enables better integration of distributed generation, distribution automation systems and decentralized control (micro-grids).

The Reliability Evaluation of Power System Based on Uncertain Linguistic Information

2013 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Da Rong Gao ◽  
Yu Ru Geng
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Power System Reliability ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Linguistic Information

Electric power system reliability evaluation depends on reasonable target setting and calculation. This article mainly analyses the new index of power system reliability assessment in the electricity market environment, and on the basis of this, introduces the application of uncertain linguistic information in the ceremony system reliability evaluation, representing original parameters with uncertain number, and random processing fault condition happened and transfer events and process.

scholarly journals Electricity market efficiency and voltage stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Helmy Mostafa Elkasrawy
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
System Layout

Several electricity markets were created in the last two decades by deregulation and restructuring vertically integrated utilities. In order to serve the best interest of participating entities, it is important to operate electricity markets at their maximum efficiency. In most cases, electricity markets were formed to operate on existing physical power systems that had evolved over several decades as vertically integrated utilities. Location of generating stations, large urban load centers and enabling transmission systems were unique to every power system and followed the 'lay of the land'. Depending upon a power system layout, voltage stability and margin to voltage collapse are unique to it. While an electricity market is to be operated efficiently, its optimal generation schedule to supply energy through an electric power system has to be reliable and meet the strict standards including those that relate to voltage stability. This work elicits the relationship between market efficiency and voltage stability. To this end, a formulation and a solution algorithm are presented. Two contrasting 5-bus cases illustrate how the transmission system layout influences the relationship between voltage stability and market efficiency. The IEEE 118-bus system is also used to illustrate this relationship.

scholarly journals Power System Reliability Assessment in a Complex Restructured Power System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Mahiban Lindsay ◽  
A.K. Parvathy
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Power System Reliability ◽  
Bulk Power ◽  
Adequacy Assessment

The basic purpose of an electric power system is to supply its consumers with electric energy as parsimoniously as possible and with a sensible degree of continuity and quality. It is expected that the solicitation of power system reliability assessment in bulk power systems will continue to increase in the future especially in the newly deregulated power diligence. This paper presents the research conducted on the three areas of incorporating multi-state generating unit models, evaluating system performance indices and identifying transmission paucities in complex system adequacy assessment. The incentives for electricity market participants to endow in new generation and transmission facilities are highly influenced by the market risk in a complex restructured environment. This paper also presents a procedure to identify transmission deficiencies and remedial modification in the composite generation and transmission system and  focused on the application of probabilistic techniques in composite system adequacy assessment

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grids Using Functional Encryption

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Byoul Son ◽  
Jong-Hyuk Im ◽  
Hee-Yong Kwon ◽  
Seong-Yun Jeon ◽  
Mun-Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Functional Encryption ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Energy Trading ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Advanced smart grid technologies enable energy prosumers to trade surplus energy from their distributed renewable energy sources with other peer prosumers through peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. In many previous works, P2P energy trading was facilitated by blockchain technology through blockchain’s distributive nature and capacity to run smart contracts. However, the feature that all the data and transactions on a blockchain are visible to all blockchain nodes may significantly threaten the privacy of the parties participating in P2P energy trading. There are many previous works that have attempted to mitigate this problem. However, all these works focused on the anonymity of participants but did not protect the data and transactions. To address this issue, we propose a P2P energy trading system on a blockchain where all bids are encrypted and peer matching is performed on the encrypted bids by a functional encryption-based smart contract. The system guarantees that the information encoded in the encrypted bids is protected, but the peer matching transactions are performed by the nodes in a publicly verifiable manner through smart contracts. We verify the feasibility of the proposed system by implementing a prototype composed of smart meters, a distribution system operator (DSO) server, and private Ethereum blockchain.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Failure Protection System 20 KV CBO T75B Substation Malibu Feeder PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Menteng

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Doni Abdul Mukti ◽  
Budi Sudiarto
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Power Distribution System

Protection is a safety in the electric power system installed in the electric power distribution system, power transformer, electric power transmission, and electric generator used to secure the power system electricity from electrical disturbances or overloads by separating the disturbed parts of the electric power system from the undisturbed electrical power system so that the undisturbed electrical system can continue to work. The protection system at the T75B substation has a work failure where when there is a short circuit on the consumer side, it causes the PMT (Power Breaker) for the Malibu Feeder at the Kebon Sirih Substation to trip while the CBO (Circuit Breaker Outgoing) cubicle at the T75B substation does not trip. This resulted in an unexpected widespread blackout. To find out the cause of the failure of the protection system, several tests and analyzes were carried out, namely protection design testing, protection relay coordination testing, protection system construction analysis, protection equipment performance testing. It is hoped that the test results can be used as a reference for improvement so that similar failures do not recur.

scholarly journals Medium-term scheduling of electric power system states under a wholesale electricity market

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 02025
Author(s):  
Natalia Aizenberg ◽  
Sergey Palamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
System States

The paper focuses on the development of a mathematical model for scheduling electric power system (EPS) states for the medium-term period divided into several time intervals. The model allows calculating the equilibrium state in the EPS, in which each supplier receives the maximum profit from the electricity supply to the wholesale market. The price levels in the EPS are determined by finding the maximum value of the social welfare given the balance constraints at the EPS nodes and the constraints on feasible state variables over several time intervals. Approaches to solving the multi-interval problem of search for an equilibrium states are considered. The approaches involve building a system of joint optimality conditions for electricity suppliers in the considered time intervals. The equilibrium state is found either by directly solving such a system or through an iterative search. The paper demonstrates the results of the medium-term scheduling of the state by an example of a simplified electric power system.. electric power system..

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