scholarly journals A Multi-Layer LoRaWAN Infrastructure for Smart Waste Management

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2600
Author(s):  
David Baldo ◽  
Alessandro Mecocci ◽  
Stefano Parrino ◽  
Giacomo Peruzzi ◽  
Alessandro Pozzebon
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Learning Capabilities ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
Task Systems

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has rapidly become one of the key enabling technologies for the development of Internet of Things (IoT) architectures. A wide range of different solutions relying on this communication technology can be found in the literature: nevertheless, the most part of these architectures focus on single task systems. Conversely, the aim of this paper is to present the architecture of a LoRaWAN infrastructure gathering under the same network different typologies of services within one of the most significant sub-systems of the Smart City ecosystem (i.e., the Smart Waste Management). The proposed architecture exploits the whole range of different LoRaWAN classes, integrating nodes of growing complexity according to the different functions. The lowest level of this architecture is occupied by smart bins that simply collect data about their status. Moving on to upper levels, smart drop-off containers allow the interaction with users as well as the implementation of asynchronous downlink queries. At the top level, Video Surveillance Units (VSUs) are provided with machine learning capabilities for the detection of the presence of fire nearby bins or drop-off containers, thus fully implementing the Edge Computing paradigm. The proposed network infrastructure and its subsystems have been tested in a laboratory and in the field. This study has enhanced the readiness level of the proposed technology to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 3.

scholarly journals Research Flights on Blue Origin's New Shepard

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Erika B. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Launch Vehicle ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Microgravity Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Research And Education

Abstract Blue Origin's New Shepard launch vehicle made its first flight above the Kármán Line, returning safely to Earth in November 2015. At the time when this paper is being written (February 2021), the system has conducted 14 flights, including 10 with research and education payloads aboard. More than 100 payloads have exercised a wide range of capabilities and interfaces, from small cubesat-form factor student payloads to large custom payloads of nearly 100 kg. Investigations have spanned a wide range of high-altitude and microgravity research objectives, as well as raising technology readiness level (TRL) on diverse hardware. This paper summarizes New Shepard's payload missions to date, and presents standardized and custom accommodations, both in the shirtsleeve cabin and directly exposed to the space environment.

Simulation analysis of data processing activities in Compact Muon Solenoid physics

SIMULATION ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438-1455
Author(s):  
Ciprian Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Compact Muon Solenoid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Network Bandwidth ◽  
Wide Range

The scale, complexity and worldwide geographical spread of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) computing and data analysis problems are unprecedented in scientific research. The complexity of processing and accessing this data is increased substantially by the size and global span of the major experiments, combined with the limited wide-area network bandwidth available. This paper discusses the latest generation of the MONARC (MOdels of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers) simulation framework, as a design and modeling tool for large-scale distributed systems applied to high-energy physics experiments. We present a simulation study designed to evaluate the capabilities of the current real-world distributed infrastructures deployed to support existing LHC physics analysis processes and the means by which the experiments band together to meet the technical challenges posed by the storage, access and computing requirements of LHC data analysis. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, in particular, uses a general-purpose detector to investigate a wide range of physics. We present a simulation study designed to evaluate the capability of its underlying distributed processing infrastructure to support the physics analysis processes. The results, made possible by the MONARC model, demonstrate that the LHC infrastructures are well suited to support the data processes envisioned by the CMS computing model.

scholarly journals LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat S. Chaudhari ◽  
Marco Zennaro ◽  
Suresh Borkar
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Interference Management ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Wide Range

Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a promising solution for long range and low power Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) communication applications. This paper focuses on defining a systematic and powerful approach of identifying the key characteristics of such applications, translating them into explicit requirements, and then deriving the associated design considerations. LPWANs are resource-constrained networks and are primarily characterized by long battery life operation, extended coverage, high capacity, and low device and deployment costs. These characteristics translate into a key set of requirements including M2M traffic management, massive capacity, energy efficiency, low power operations, extended coverage, security, and interworking. The set of corresponding design considerations is identified in terms of two categories, desired or expected ones and enhanced ones, which reflect the wide range of characteristics associated with LPWAN-based applications. Prominent design constructs include admission and user traffic management, interference management, energy saving modes of operation, lightweight media access control (MAC) protocols, accurate location identification, security coverage techniques, and flexible software re-configurability. Topological and architectural options for interconnecting LPWAN entities are discussed. The major proprietary and standards-based LPWAN technology solutions available in the marketplace are presented. These include Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and long term evolution (LTE)-M, among others. The relevance of upcoming cellular 5G technology and its complementary relationship with LPWAN technology are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Test Platform to Assess the Impact of Miniaturized Propulsion Systems

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Stesina ◽  
Sabrina Corpino ◽  
Daniele Calvi
Keyword(s):  
System Level ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Ground Support ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Electromagnetic Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Miniaturized propulsion systems can enable many future CubeSats missions. The advancement of the Technology Readiness Level of this technology passes through the integration in a CubeSat platform and the assessment of the impact and the interactions of the propulsion systems on the actual CubeSat technology and vice versa. The request of power, the thermal environmental, and the electromagnetic emissions generated inside the platform require careful analyses. This paper presents the upgraded design and the validation of a CubeSat test platform (CTP) that can interface a wide range of new miniaturized propulsion systems and gather unprecedented information for these analyses, which can be fused with the commonly used ground support equipment. The CTP features are reported, and the main achievements of the tests are shown, demonstrating the effective capabilities of the platform and how it allows for the investigation of the mutual interactions at system level between propulsion systems and the CubeSat technology.

scholarly journals Standards for Cyber-Physical Energy Systems—Two Case Studies from Sensor Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Krutwig ◽  
Bernhard Kölmel ◽  
Adrian Tantau ◽  
Kejo Starosta
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operational Energy

Cyber-physical energy systems (CPES) describe a specialization of the cyber-physical system concept, in which energy systems are transformed into intelligent energy networks. These systems provide the basis for the realization of smart microgrids and smart grids. In the last decade, numerous research projects have intensively explored the fundamentals and modeling of CPES and validated them in pilot projects. In the meantime, more and more CPES solutions have been appearing on the market and the battle for the most suitable standards has begun. This paper gives an overview of the currently available standards for CPES sensor technologies and assesses the suitability for implementation. In two case studies in the application area of operational energy management in German companies, a sensor retrofitting is described—once with proprietary technology and once using the standards Long Range (LoRa) Wide Area Network and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). As a result, the shortcomings of the standards for their use in CPES are shown and discussed. OPC UA, which was originally developed for the manufacturing industry, turns out to be to be a suitable standard for a wide range of CPES implementations.

scholarly journals A Survey of LoRaWAN for IoT: From Technology to Application

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetmir Haxhibeqiri ◽  
Eli De Poorter ◽  
Ingrid Moerman ◽  
Jeroen Hoebeke
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Security And Reliability ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Significant Attention

LoRaWAN is one of the low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies that have received significant attention by the research community in the recent years. It offers low-power, low-data rate communication over a wide range of covered area. In the past years, the number of publications regarding LoRa and LoRaWAN has grown tremendously. This paper provides an overview of research work that has been published from 2015 to September 2018 and that is accessible via Google Scholar and IEEE Explore databases. First, a detailed description of the technology is given, including existing security and reliability mechanisms. This literature overview is structured by categorizing papers according to the following topics: (i) physical layer aspects; (ii) network layer aspects; (iii) possible improvements; and (iv) extensions to the standard. Finally, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is presented along with the challenges that LoRa and LoRaWAN still face.

scholarly journals Wireless Systems and Networks in the IoT

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
Damianos Gavalas ◽  
Modestos Stavrakis ◽  
Periklis Chatzimisios ◽  
Zhichao Cao ◽  
Xiaolong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Backscatter Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Frequency Identification

This Special Issue is focused on breakthrough developments in the field of Wireless Systems and Networks in the IoT. The selected contributions report current scientific progress in a wide range of topics covering clock error compensation in sensor networks, backscatter communication networks, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)-based inventory management, resource allocation in Long-Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A, (Long Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) modeling and key generation for the IoT.

scholarly journals Analysis of Web-Based IoT through Heterogeneous Networks: Swarm Computing over LoRaWAN

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Samira Afzal ◽  
Laisa C. C. De Biase ◽  
Geovane Fedrecheski ◽  
William T. Pereira ◽  
Marcelo K. Zuffo
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Binary Object ◽  
The Impact

The Internet of Things (IoT) leverages added valued services by the wide spread of connected smart devices. The Swarm Computing paradigm considers a single abstraction layer that connects all kinds of devices globally, from sensors to super computers. In this context, the Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) emerges, spreading out connection to the IoT end devices. With the upsides of long-range, low power and low cost, LPWAN presents major limitations regarding data transmission capacity, throughput, supported packet length and quantity per day limitation. This situation makes LPWAN systems with limited interoperability integrate with systems based on REpresentational State Transfer (REST). This work investigates how to connect web-based IoT applications with LPWANs. The analysis was carried out studying the number of packets generated for a use case of REST-based IoT over LPWAN, specifically the Swarm OS over LoRaWAN. The work also presents an analysis of the impact of using promising schemes for lower communication load. We evaluated Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) and Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) to make transmission over the restricted links of LPWANs possible. The attained results show the reduction of 98.18% packet sizes while using SCHC and CBOR compared to HTTP and JSON by sending fewer packets with smaller sizes.

scholarly journals LoRaWAN and Urban Waste Management—A Trial

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2142
Author(s):  
Nuno Cruz ◽  
Nuno Cota ◽  
João Tremoceiro
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
City Council ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Urban Waste Management ◽  
The City

The city of Lisbon, as any other capital of a European country, has a large number of issues regarding managing waste and recycling containers spread throughout the city. This document presents the results of a study promoted by the Lisbon City Council for trialing LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) technology for the waste management vertical under the Lisbon Smart City initiative. Current waste management is done using GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) sensors, and the municipality aims to use LPWAN in order to improve range and reduce costs and provisioning times when changing the communications provider. After an initial study, LoRa (Long Range) and LoRAWAN (LoRa Wide Area Network) as its network counterpart, were selected as the LPWAN technology for trials considering several use cases, exploring multiple distances, types of recycling waste containers, placements (underground or surface) and kinds of commercially available waste level measurement LoRa sensors. The results showed that the underground waste containers proved to be, as expected, the most difficult to operate correctly, where the container itself imposed attenuation levels of 26 dB on the LoRa link budget. The successful results were used to promote the deployment of a city-wide LoRa network, available to all the departments inside the Lisbon City Council. Considering the network capacity, the municipality also decided to make the network freely available to citizens.

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