scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Integrated Blockchain-Cloud (BcC) Architecture for Healthcare: Applications, Challenges and Solutions

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3753
Author(s):  
Leila Ismail ◽  
Huned Materwala ◽  
Alain Hennebelle
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Private Patient ◽  
Depth Analysis

Blockchain is a disruptive technology for shaping the next era of a healthcare system striving for efficient and effective patient care. This is thanks to its peer-to-peer, secure, and transparent characteristics. On the other hand, cloud computing made its way into the healthcare system thanks to its elasticity and cost-efficiency nature. However, cloud-based systems fail to provide a secured and private patient-centric cohesive view to multiple healthcare stakeholders. In this situation, blockchain provides solutions to address security and privacy concerns of the cloud because of its decentralization feature combined with data security and privacy, while cloud provides solutions to the blockchain scalability and efficiency challenges. Therefore a novel paradigm of blockchain-cloud integration (BcC) emerges for the domain of healthcare. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the BcC integration for the healthcare system to give the readers the motivations behind the emergence of this new paradigm, introduce a classification of existing architectures and their applications for better healthcare. We then review the development platforms and services and highlight the research challenges for the integrated BcC architecture, possible solutions, and future research directions. The results of this paper will be useful for the healthcare industry to design and develop a data management system for better patient care.

scholarly journals Implementation of Fog computing in IoT-based healthcare system

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Maksimović
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Main Challenge

Nowhere do the technology advancements bring improvements than in the healthcare sector, constantly creating new healthcare applications and systems which completely revolutionize the healthcare domain. The appearance of Internet of Things (IoT) based healthcare systems has immensely improved quality and delivery of care, and significantly reduced the costs. At the same time, these systems generate the enormous amount of health-associated data which has to be properly gathered, analyzed and shared. The smart devices, as the components of IoT-driven healthcare systems, are not able to deal with IoT-produced data, neither data posting to the Cloud is the appropriate solution. To overcome smart devices’ and Cloud’s limitations the new paradigm, known as Fog computing, has appeared, where an additional layer processes the data and sends the results to the Cloud. Despite numerous benefits Fog computing brings into IoT-based environments, the privacy and security issues remain the main challenge for its implementation. The reasons for integrating the IoT-based healthcare system and Fog computing, benefits and challenges, as well as the proposition of simple low-cost system are presented in this paper.

Healthcare Delivery as a Service System

2011 ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Parasher ◽  
Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont ◽  
James M. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Service System ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The U.S

Both during and after the recent reform efforts, healthcare delivery has been identified as the key to transforming the U.S. healthcare system. In light of this background, we borrow from systems engineering and business management to present the concept of service co-production as a new paradigm for healthcare delivery and, using the foresight afforded by this model, to systematically identify the barriers to healthcare delivery functioning as a service system. The service co-production model requires for patient, provider, insurer, administrator, and all the related healthcare individuals to collaborate at all stages – prevention, triage, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up – of the healthcare delivery system in order to produce optimal health outcomes. Our analysis reveals that the barriers to co-production – the misalignment of financial and legal incentives, limited incorporation of collaborative point of care systems, and poor access to care – also serve as the source of many of the systemic failings of the U.S. healthcare system. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act takes steps to reduce these barriers, but leaves work to be done. Future research and policy reform is needed to enable effective and efficient co-production in the twenty-first century. With this review, we assess the state of service co-production in the U.S. healthcare system, and propose solutions for improvement.

scholarly journals Internet of Things Architectures, Technologies, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions for Enhanced Living Environments and Healthcare Systems: A Review

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Marques ◽  
Rui Pitarma ◽  
Nuno M. Garcia ◽  
Nuno Pombo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Information Access ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Living Environments ◽  
Iot Devices

Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolution of the Internet and has been gaining increased attention from researchers in both academic and industrial environments. Successive technological enhancements make the development of intelligent systems with a high capacity for communication and data collection possible, providing several opportunities for numerous IoT applications, particularly healthcare systems. Despite all the advantages, there are still several open issues that represent the main challenges for IoT, e.g., accessibility, portability, interoperability, information security, and privacy. IoT provides important characteristics to healthcare systems, such as availability, mobility, and scalability, that offer an architectural basis for numerous high technological healthcare applications, such as real-time patient monitoring, environmental and indoor quality monitoring, and ubiquitous and pervasive information access that benefits health professionals and patients. The constant scientific innovations make it possible to develop IoT devices through countless services for sensing, data fusing, and logging capabilities that lead to several advancements for enhanced living environments (ELEs). This paper reviews the current state of the art on IoT architectures for ELEs and healthcare systems, with a focus on the technologies, applications, challenges, opportunities, open-source platforms, and operating systems. Furthermore, this document synthesizes the existing body of knowledge and identifies common threads and gaps that open up new significant and challenging future research directions.

Achieving data security and privacy across healthcare applications using cyber security mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 979-995
Author(s):  
Shanying Zhu ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Saravanan ◽  
BalaAnand Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Controls

Purpose Currently, in the health-care sector, information security and privacy are increasingly important issues. The improvement in information security is highlighted in adopting digital patient records based on regulation, providers’ consolidation, and the growing need to exchange information among patients, providers, and payers. Design/methodology/approach Big data on health care are likely to improve patient outcomes, predict epidemic outbreaks, gain valuable insights, prevent diseases, reduce health-care costs and improve analysis of the quality of life. Findings In this paper, the big data analytics-based cybersecurity framework has been proposed for security and privacy across health-care applications. It is vital to identify the limitations of existing solutions for future research to ensure a trustworthy big data environment. Furthermore, electronic health records (EHR) could potentially be shared by various users to increase the quality of health-care services. This leads to significant issues of privacy that need to be addressed to implement the EHR. Originality/value This framework combines several technical mechanisms and environmental controls and is shown to be enough to adequately pay attention to common threats to network security.

Software-Defined Networks (SDN)

2019 ◽  
pp. 516-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Bilal ◽  
Bilal Muhammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Storage

Software-defined networks (SDN) are a new paradigm shift in the world of network centralized command and control, providing network omniscience and separates control and data planes. Most of the research work till date focuses on increasing efficiency and manageability of computational and storage resources which results in emergence of current virtualization technologies. The feasibility and applications of SDN in current datacenters and network infrastructures is being studied by academia, industry, and the standardization bodies. This chapter explains SDN concepts and its difference from legacy networking, interrelated terminologies, protocols, programming languages, benefits, and shortcomings. Moreover, exploration of current research areas and techniques along with in-depth analysis and future research directions will be presented.

scholarly journals “BLOCKCHAIN BASED PRIVACY PRESERVATION IN HEALTHCARE: A RECENT TRENDS AND CHALLENGES”

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5315-5324
Author(s):  
Nidhi Raghav, Anoop Bhola
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Future Research Directions

Healthcare is changing fast with better and efficient services for patient care. Electronic health records are electronic saved information related to health in digitally format. With EHR the healthcare data can be easily shared across the different healthcare settings.EHR enhances the Patient care by providing the accuracy and precision of medical records where security and privacy preservation are challenging in the system. In recent years, Blockchain has become viable technology which has invaded different domains. Blockchain has enormous potentialin healthcare because of demand of patient centric system and to connect different systems together. Blockchain is a promising solution for security and preservation of privacy in a healthcare sector. In this paper we have provide a comprehensive review of healthcare systems which are based on blockchain. The main objective of this paper is to reveal about blockchain technology in privacy preservation, security of healthcare and its future research directions. We have recognized and analyze latest research papers and literature to present a challenges and comparison between various published work in the domain of blockchain for healthcare.

scholarly journals The Current State of Research, Challenges, and Future Research Directions of Blockchain Technology in Patient Care: Systematic Review

10.2196/18619 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e18619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Durneva ◽  
Karlene Cousins ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Information Systems ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Background Blockchain offers a promising new distributed technology to address the challenges of data standardization, system interoperability, security, privacy, and accessibility of medical records. Objective The purpose of this review is to assess the research on the use of blockchain technology for patient care and the associated challenges and to provide a research agenda for future research. Methods This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We queried the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed research articles published up to December 2019 that examined the implementation of blockchain technology in health care settings. We identified 800 articles from which we selected 70 empirical research articles for a detailed review. Results Blockchain-based patient care applications include medical information systems, personal health records, mobile health and telemedicine, data preservation systems and social networks, health information exchanges and remote monitoring systems, and medical research systems. These blockchain-based health care applications may improve patient engagement and empowerment, improve health care provider access to information, and enhance the use of health care information for medical research. Conclusions Blockchain health information technology (HIT) provides benefits such as ensuring data privacy and security of health data, facilitating interoperability of heterogeneous HIT systems, and improving the quality of health care outcomes. However, barriers to using blockchain technology to build HIT include security and privacy vulnerabilities, user resistance, high computing power requirements and implementation costs, inefficient consensus algorithms, and challenges of integrating blockchain with existing HIT. With 51% of the research focused on medical information systems such as electronic health record and electronic medical record, and 53% of the research focused on data security and privacy issues, this review shows that HIT research is primarily focused on the use of blockchain technologies to address the current challenges HIT faces. Although Blockchain presents significant potential for disrupting health care, most ideas are in their infancy.

scholarly journals The Current State of Research, Challenges, and Future Research Directions of Blockchain Technology in Patient Care: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Durneva ◽  
Karlene Cousins ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Information Systems ◽  
Blockchain Technology

BACKGROUND Blockchain offers a promising new distributed technology to address the challenges of data standardization, system interoperability, security, privacy, and accessibility of medical records. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to assess the research on the use of blockchain technology for patient care and the associated challenges and to provide a research agenda for future research. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We queried the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed research articles published up to December 2019 that examined the implementation of blockchain technology in health care settings. We identified 800 articles from which we selected 70 empirical research articles for a detailed review. RESULTS Blockchain-based patient care applications include medical information systems, personal health records, mobile health and telemedicine, data preservation systems and social networks, health information exchanges and remote monitoring systems, and medical research systems. These blockchain-based health care applications may improve patient engagement and empowerment, improve health care provider access to information, and enhance the use of health care information for medical research. CONCLUSIONS Blockchain health information technology (HIT) provides benefits such as ensuring data privacy and security of health data, facilitating interoperability of heterogeneous HIT systems, and improving the quality of health care outcomes. However, barriers to using blockchain technology to build HIT include security and privacy vulnerabilities, user resistance, high computing power requirements and implementation costs, inefficient consensus algorithms, and challenges of integrating blockchain with existing HIT. With 51% of the research focused on medical information systems such as electronic health record and electronic medical record, and 53% of the research focused on data security and privacy issues, this review shows that HIT research is primarily focused on the use of blockchain technologies to address the current challenges HIT faces. Although Blockchain presents significant potential for disrupting health care, most ideas are in their infancy.

Using unexpected outcomes to inform patient care and future research

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor R. Mackey ◽  
Abigail M. Romirowsky ◽  
Marissa Tolep ◽  
Anna Vannucci ◽  
Evan Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes

Website Information Security and Privacy Concerns in 4IR: The Moderating Role of Trust in B2C e-Commerce

10.29007/jlq6 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thabang Mofokeng
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Customer Trust

The technology devices introduced in recent years are not only vulnerable to Internet risks but are also unable to elevate the growth of B2C e-commerce. These concerns are particularly relevant today, as the world transitions into the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To date, existing research has largely focused on obstacles to customer loyalty. Studies have tested e-commerce models guided by the establishment of trusting, satisfied and loyal consumers in various international contexts. In South Africa, however, as an emerging market, there has been limited research on the success factors of online shopping.This study examines the influence of security and privacy on trust, seen as a moderator of customer satisfaction, which in turn, has an effect on loyalty towards websites. Based on an exhaustive review of literature, a conceptual model is proposed on the relationships between security and privacy on the one hand, and customer trust, satisfaction and loyalty on the other. A total of 250 structured, self-administered questionnaires was distributed to a purposively selected sample of respondents using face-to-face surveys in Johannesburg, South Africa. A multivariate data analysis technique was used to draw inferences from the data. With an 80.1% response rate, the findings showed that privacy and security do influence customer trust; security strongly influences customer trust and weakly influences satisfaction. In South Africa, customer loyalty towards websites is strongly determined by satisfaction and weakly determined by trust. Trust significantly moderates the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty. The study implications and limitations are presented and future research directions are suggested.

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