scholarly journals Energy Optimization in Dual-RIS UAV-Aided MEC-Enabled Internet of Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4392
Author(s):  
Emmanouel T. Michailidis ◽  
Nikolaos I. Miridakis ◽  
Angelos Michalas ◽  
Emmanouil Skondras ◽  
Dimitrios J. Vergados
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Computation Offloading ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Offloading ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Phase Errors ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Mobile edge computing (MEC) represents an enabling technology for prospective Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks. However, the complex vehicular propagation environment may hinder computation offloading. To this end, this paper proposes a novel computation offloading framework for IoV and presents an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided network architecture. It is considered that the connected vehicles in a IoV ecosystem should fully offload latency-critical computation-intensive tasks to road side units (RSUs) that integrate MEC functionalities. In this regard, a UAV is deployed to serve as an aerial RSU (ARSU) and also operate as an aerial relay to offload part of the tasks to a ground RSU (GRSU). In order to further enhance the end-to-end communication during data offloading, the proposed architecture relies on reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) units consisting of arrays of reflecting elements. In particular, a dual-RIS configuration is presented, where each RIS unit serves its nearby network nodes. Since perfect phase estimation or high-precision configuration of the reflection phases is impractical in highly mobile IoV environments, data offloading via RIS units with phase errors is considered. As the efficient energy management of resource-constrained electric vehicles and battery-enabled RSUs is of outmost importance, this paper proposes an optimization approach that intends to minimize the weighted total energy consumption (WTEC) of the vehicles and ARSU subject to transmit power constraints, timeslot scheduling, and task allocation. Extensive numerical calculations are carried out to verify the efficacy of the optimized dual-RIS-assisted wireless transmission.

scholarly journals The Influence of Operating Strategies regarding an Energy Optimized Driving Style for Electrically Driven Railway Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Lukas Pröhl ◽  
Harald Aschemann ◽  
Roberto Palacin
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Railway Vehicles ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Optimal Driving

The aim of this paper is the optimization of velocity trajectories for electrical railway vehicles with the focus on total energy consumption. On the basis of four fundamental operating modes—acceleration, cruising, coasting, and braking—energy-optimal trajectories are determined by optimizing the sequence of the operating modes as well as the corresponding switching points. The optimization approach is carried out in two consecutive steps. The first step ensures compliance with the given timetable, regarding both time and position constraints. In the second step, the influence of different operating strategies, such as load distribution and the switch-off of traction components during low loads, are analyzed to investigate the characteristics of the energy-optimal velocity trajectory. A detailed simulation model has been developed to carry out the analysis, including an assessment of its capabilities and advantages. The results suggest that the application of load-distribution techniques, either by a switch-off of parallel traction units or by a load-distribution between active units, can affect the energy-optimal driving style.

scholarly journals Optimal design of Vertical-Taking-Off-and-Landing UAV wing using multilevel approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Hao Yue ◽  
David Bassir ◽  
Hicham Medromi ◽  
Hua Ding ◽  
Khaoula Abouzaid
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Delta Wing ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Multilevel Optimization ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Flight Mode ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cruise Flight

In order to overcome the propre disadvantages of FW(Fixed-Wing) and VTOL(Vertical-Taking-Off-and-Landing) UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and extend its application, the hybrid drone is invested more in recent years by researchers and several classifications are developed on the part of dual system. In this article, an innovative hybrid UAV is raised and studied by introducing the canard configuration that is coupled with conventional delta wing as well as winglet structure. Profited by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Response Surface Method (RSM), a multilevel optimization approach is practically presented and concerned in terms of cruise flight mode: adopted by an experienced-based distribution strategy, the total lift object is respectively assigned into the delta wing (90–95%) and canard wing(5–10%) which is applied into a two-step optimization: the first optimization problem is solved only with the parameters concerned with delta wing afterwards the second optimization is successively concluded to develop the canard configuration considering the optimized delta wing conception. Above all, the optimal conceptual design of the delta and canard wing is realized by achieving the lift goal with less drag performance in cruise mode.

AN FPGA-BASED PLATFORM FOR A NETWORK ARCHITECTURE WITH DELAY GUARANTEE

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350045 ◽  
Author(s):  
MACIEJ WIELGOSZ ◽  
MAURITZ PANGGABEAN ◽  
JIANG WANG ◽  
LEIF ARNE RØNNINGEN
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Delay Guarantee ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Platform Architecture ◽  
Delay Sensitive ◽  
Field Programmable

The background that underlies this work is the envisioned real-time tele-immersive collaboration system for the future that supports delay-sensitive applications involving participants from remote places via their collaboration spaces (CSs). The end-to-end delay as high as 20 ms is required for good synchronization of such applications, for example collaborative dancing and remote conducting of choir. It is much lower than that facilitated by existing teleconference systems. A novel network architecture with delay guarantee, namely Distributed Multimedia Plays (DMP), has been proposed and designed to realize the vision. The maximum low latency is guaranteed because DMP network nodes can drop DMP packets of multimedia data from the CSs due to instantaneous traffic condition. Besides ultrafast processing time, modularity, and scalability must be taken into account in hardware design and implementation of the nodes for seamless incorporation of the modules. These lead us to employing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) due to its substantial computational power and flexibility. This paper presents an FPGA-based platform for the design and implementation of DMP network nodes. It provides a detailed introduction to the platform architecture and the simulation-implementation environment for the design. The modularity of the implemented node is shown by addressing three important modules for packet dropping, 3D warping, and image transform. Our compact implementation of the network node on Xilinx Virtex-6 ML605 mostly consumes very small amount of available resources. Moreover the elementary operations on our implementation takes (much) less than 5 μs as desired to meet the low-latency requirement.

scholarly journals Macroscale intrinsic network architecture of the hypothalamus

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (16) ◽  
pp. 8018-8027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D. Hahn ◽  
Olaf Sporns ◽  
Alan G. Watts ◽  
Larry W. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Primary Literature ◽  
Function Network ◽  
Regional Grouping

Control of multiple life-critical physiological and behavioral functions requires the hypothalamus. Here, we provide a comprehensive description and rigorous analysis of mammalian intrahypothalamic network architecture. To achieve this at the gray matter region (macroscale) level, macroscale connection (macroconnection) data for the rat hypothalamus were extracted from the primary literature. The dataset indicated the existence of 7,982 (of 16,770 possible) intrahypothalamic macroconnections. Network analysis revealed that the intrahypothalamic macroconnection network (its macroscale subconnectome) is divided into two identical top-level subsystems (or subnetworks), each composed of two nested second-level subsystems. At the top-level, this suggests a deeply integrated network; however, regional grouping of the two second-level subsystems suggested a partial separation between control of physiological functions and behavioral functions. Furthermore, inclusion of four candidate hubs (dominant network nodes) in the second-level subsystem that is associated prominently with physiological control suggests network primacy with respect to this function. In addition, comparison of network analysis with expression of gene markers associated with inhibitory (GAD65) and excitatory (VGLUT2) neurotransmission revealed a significant positive correlation between measures of network centrality (dominance) and the inhibitory marker. We discuss these results in relation to previous understandings of hypothalamic organization and provide, and selectively interrogate, an updated hypothalamus structure–function network model to encourage future hypothesis-driven investigations of identified hypothalamic subsystems.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Multi-UAV Network Applied to Scanning Rocket Impact Area

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4895
Author(s):  
Maurício R. Silva ◽  
Elitelma S. Souza ◽  
Pablo J. Alsina ◽  
Deyvid L. Leite ◽  
Mateus R. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Multi Uav

This paper presents a communication network for a squadron of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to be used in the scanning rocket impact area for Barreira do Inferno Launch Center—CLBI (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil), aiming at detecting intruder boats. The main features of communication networks associated with multi-UAV systems are presented. This system sends information through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). After comparing and analyzing area scanning strategies, it presents the specification of a data communication network architecture for a squadron of UAVs within a sensor network using XBee Pro 900HP S3B modules. A brief description is made about the initial information from the construction of the system. The embedded hardware and the design procedure of a dedicated communication antenna to the XBee modules are presented. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture in terms of robustness and reliability, a set of experimental tests in different communication scenarios is carried out. Network management software is employed to measure the throughput, packet loss and other performance indicators in the communication links between the different network nodes. Experimental results allow verifying the quality and performance of the network nodes, as well as the reliability of the communication links, assessing signal received quality, range and latency.

scholarly journals Proposal for an SDN-Like Innovative Metro-Access Optical Network Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tommaso Muciaccia ◽  
Vittorio M. N. Passaro
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
Bit Error Ratio ◽  
Specific Implementation

Today, telecommunication operators are facing an epochal challenge due to the need of higher reconfigurability, flexibility, and dynamicity for their networks. In the latest years, this necessity has been addressed by the introduction of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), mainly in the fields of data centers and core networks. The present work introduces a unified metro-access optical network architecture based on some features inspired by SDN models. The essential aim is to enable bandwidth shared among different passive optical networks (PONs) in order to achieve higher adaptability to increasingly migratory and volatile traffic patterns. Even if the present work is mainly focused on the architecture, several hints for specific implementation of the network nodes are detailed as well in order to demonstrate its feasibility. Several numerical simulations have been performed to assess the performance of the proposed solution both about physical effects and about quality of service. Bit error ratio degradation due to physical impairments has been evaluated and traffic congestion has been estimated in terms of burst loss probability and average throughput.

scholarly journals A Game for Energy-Aware Allocation of Virtualized Network Functions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bruschi ◽  
Alessandro Carrega ◽  
Franco Davoli
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Physical Network ◽  
Network Flexibility ◽  
Unique Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Network Functions ◽  
Network Functionality

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept where network functionality is virtualized and separated into multiple building blocks that may connect or be chained together to implement the required services. The main advantages consist of an increase in network flexibility and scalability. Indeed, each part of the service chain can be allocated and reallocated at runtime depending on demand. In this paper, we present and evaluate an energy-aware Game-Theory-based solution for resource allocation of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) within NFV environments. We consider each VNF as a player of the problem that competes for the physical network node capacity pool, seeking the minimization of individual cost functions. The physical network nodes dynamically adjust their processing capacity according to the incoming workload, by means of an Adaptive Rate (AR) strategy that aims at minimizing the product of energy consumption and processing delay. On the basis of the result of the nodes’ AR strategy, the VNFs’ resource sharing costs assume a polynomial form in the workflows, which admits a unique Nash Equilibrium (NE). We examine the effect of different (unconstrained and constrained) forms of the nodes’ optimization problem on the equilibrium and compare the power consumption and delay achieved with energy-aware and non-energy-aware strategy profiles.

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