DDS and OPC UA Protocol Coexistence Solution in Real-Time and Industry 4.0 Context Using Non-Ideal Infrastructure

Continuing the evolution towards Industry 4.0, the industrial communication protocols represent a significant topic of interest, as real-time data exchange between multiple devices constitute the pillar of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) scenarios. Although the legacy protocols are still persistent in the industry, the transition was initiated by the key Industry 4.0 facilitating protocol, the Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC UA). OPC UA has to reach the envisioned applicability, and it therefore has to consider coexistence with other emerging real-time oriented protocols in the production lines. The Data Distribution Service (DDS) will certainly be present in future architectures in some areas as robots, co-bots, and compact units. The current paper proposes a solution to evaluate the real-time coexistence of OPC UA and DDS protocols, functioning in parallel and in a gateway context. The purpose is to confirm the compatibility and feasibility between the two protocols alongside a general definition of criteria and expectations from an architectural point of view, pointing out advantages and disadvantages in a neutral manner, shaping a comprehensive view of the possibilities. The researched architecture is meant to comply with both performance comparison scenarios and interaction scenarios over a gateway application. Considering the industrial tendencies, the developed solution is applied using non-ideal infrastructures to provide a more feasible and faster applicability in the production lines.

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ANALYSIS OF CONNECTION METHODS OF TELEGRAM ROBOTS WITH SERVER PART

System technologies ◽

10.34185/1562-9945-3-122-2019-03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (122) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Elena Aleksandrovna Kavats ◽

Artem Aleksandrovich Kostenko

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Interaction Mechanism ◽

Point Of View ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Time Data ◽

Exchange Method ◽

New Information ◽

Communication Option ◽

Short Time

The paper analyzes the methods of interaction of robotic applications with Telegram servers. A comparison was made between the standard polling method (Long Polling) and Webhook, both from the speed of application interaction with the end user and the complexity of the installation from the point of view of the developer. The interaction mechanism of telegrams-bot with Webhook-enabled telegram servers, which significantly improves the performance of the program as a whole, saving the user’s query execution time and increasing fault tolerance.The purpose of the study is to compare the methods of interaction between the application-work Telegrams written in Python, as well as the implementation of these methods in practice, in order to identify the complexity of writing both solutions.The Webhook method is a way to deliver real-time data to applications. Unlike traditional APIs, where you need to specify data more often to get information in real time, Webhook sends data immediately.It is proposed to consider the two most common communication options work and the Telegram server. The most common option is to periodically poll the Telegram servers for new information. All this is done through Long Polling, that is, the use opens for a short time and all updates immediately arrive bot.In the work, an alternative communication option was proposed for the application to work with Telegram servers using Webhook. During the work on changing the data exchange method from standard polling (Long Polling) to Webhook, its indisputable advantage in loaded applications, namely on the number of incoming requests over a thousand, was proved (Long Polling).

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A Comprehensive Survey on Cyber-Physical Smart Grid Testbed Architectures: Requirements and Challenges

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10091043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1043

Author(s):

Abdallah A. Smadi ◽

Babatunde Tobi Ajao ◽

Brian K. Johnson ◽

Hangtian Lei ◽

Yacine Chakhchoukh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Real Time ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Information Technologies ◽

New Technologies ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Future Research ◽

Time Data

The integration of improved control techniques with advanced information technologies enables the rapid development of smart grids. The necessity of having an efficient, reliable, and flexible communication infrastructure is achieved by enabling real-time data exchange between numerous intelligent and traditional electrical grid elements. The performance and efficiency of the power grid are enhanced with the incorporation of communication networks, intelligent automation, advanced sensors, and information technologies. Although smart grid technologies bring about valuable economic, social, and environmental benefits, testing the combination of heterogeneous and co-existing Cyber-Physical-Smart Grids (CP-SGs) with conventional technologies presents many challenges. The examination for both hardware and software components of the Smart Grid (SG) system is essential prior to the deployment in real-time systems. This can take place by developing a prototype to mimic the real operational circumstances with adequate configurations and precision. Therefore, it is essential to summarize state-of-the-art technologies of industrial control system testbeds and evaluate new technologies and vulnerabilities with the motivation of stimulating discoveries and designs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the advancement of CP-SGs with their corresponding testbeds including diverse testing paradigms has been performed. In particular, we broadly discuss CP-SG testbed architectures along with the associated functions and main vulnerabilities. The testbed requirements, constraints, and applications are also discussed. Finally, the trends and future research directions are highlighted and specified.

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Experiment Control and Monitoring System for LOG-a-TEC Testbed

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21196422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (19) ◽

pp. 6422

Author(s):

Grega Morano ◽

Andrej Hrovat ◽

Matevž Vučnik ◽

Janez Puhan ◽

Gordana Gardašević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Monitoring System ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Interference Avoidance ◽

Sensor Management ◽

Time Data ◽

Experiment Control ◽

A Tec ◽

Control And Monitoring System ◽

And Control

The LOG-a-TEC testbed is a combined outdoor and indoor heterogeneous wireless testbed for experimentation with sensor networks and machine-type communications, which is included within the Fed4FIRE+ federation. It supports continuous deployment principles; however, it is missing an option to monitor and control the experiment in real-time, which is required for experiment execution under comparable conditions. The paper describes the implementation of the experiment control and monitoring system (EC and MS) as the upgrade of the LOG-a-TEC testbed. EC and MS is implemented within existing infrastructure management and built systems as a new service. The EC and MS is accessible as a new tab in sensor management system portal. It supports several commands, including start, stop and restart application, exit the experiment, flash or reset the target device, and displays the real-time status of the experiment application. When nodes apply Contiki-NG as their operating system, the Contiki-NG shell tool is accessible with the help of the newly developed tool, giving further experiment execution control capabilities to the user. By using the ZeroMQ concurrency framework as a message exchange system, information can be asynchronously sent to one or many devices at the same time, providing a real-time data exchange mechanism. The proposed upgrade does not disrupt any continuous deployment functionality and enables remote control and monitoring of the experiment. To evaluate the EC and MS functionality, two experiments were conducted: the first demonstrated the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) localization, while the second analysed interference avoidance in the 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e) wireless technology for the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).

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A Real-Time Log Analyzer Based on MongoDB

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.497 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 571-572 ◽

pp. 497-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Qi Lv ◽

Wei Xie

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Large Scale ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Log Analysis ◽

Data Sets ◽

Time Data ◽

Real Time Analysis ◽

Large Scale Data ◽

Implementation Approach ◽

And Performance

Real-time log analysis on large scale data is important for applications. Specifically, real-time refers to UI latency within 100ms. Therefore, techniques which efficiently support real-time analysis over large log data sets are desired. MongoDB provides well query performance, aggregation frameworks, and distributed architecture which is suitable for real-time data query and massive log analysis. In this paper, a novel implementation approach for an event driven file log analyzer is presented, and performance comparison of query, scan and aggregation operations over MongoDB, HBase and MySQL is analyzed. Our experimental results show that HBase performs best balanced in all operations, while MongoDB provides less than 10ms query speed in some operations which is most suitable for real-time applications.

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Real-time data exchange system based on compact PCI and DAM for heavy ion synchrotron control

High Power Laser and Particle Beams ◽

10.3788/hplpb20142611.115103 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 115103

Author(s):

李桂花 Li Guihua ◽

赵五元 Zhao Wuyuan ◽

马进忠 Ma Jinzhong ◽

汪荣荣 Wang Rongrong

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Heavy Ion ◽

Time Data ◽

Exchange System ◽

Real Time Data

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Real-time data exchange of power supply digital adjustor of HIRFL-CSR

High Power Laser and Particle Beams ◽

10.3788/hplpb20122412.2897 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 2897-2900

Author(s):

曾贤强 Zeng Xianqiang ◽

敬岚 Jing Lan ◽

龙银东 Long Yindong ◽

姚泽恩 Yao Ze’en ◽

郭玉辉 Guo Yuhui

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Power Supply ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Time Data ◽

Real Time Data

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Advanced Techniques for Travel Time Data Collection

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198196155100107 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1551 (1) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shawn M. Turner

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Travel Time ◽

Real Time ◽

Cellular Phone ◽

License Plate ◽

Time Data ◽

Video Imaging ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Travel Time Data ◽

Time Information

Travel time information is becoming more important for applications ranging from congestion measurement to real-time travel information. Several advanced techniques for travel time data collection are discussed, including electronic distance-measuring instruments (DMIs), computerized and video license plate matching, cellular phone tracking, automatic vehicle identification (AVI), automatic vehicle location (AVL), and video imaging. The various advanced techniques are described, the necessary equipment and procedures are outlined, the applications of each technique are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Electronic DMIs are low in cost but typically limited to congestion monitoring applications. Computerized and video license plate matching are more expensive and would be most applicable for congestion measurement and monitoring. Cellular phone tracking, AVI, and AVL systems may require a significant investment in communications infrastructure, but they can provide real-time information. Video imaging is still in testing stages, with some uncertainty about costs and accuracy.

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Solving the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem in the Industry 4.0 Era

Technologies ◽

10.3390/technologies6040107 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 107 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Matheus Leusin ◽

Enzo Frazzon ◽

Mauricio Uriona Maldonado ◽

Mirko Kück ◽

Michael Freitag

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Job Shop ◽

Job Shop Scheduling ◽

Intelligent System ◽

Scheduling Problem ◽

Job Shop Scheduling Problem ◽

Multi Agent Systems ◽

Time Data ◽

Shop Scheduling

Technological developments along with the emergence of Industry 4.0 allow for new approaches to solve industrial problems, such as the Job-shop Scheduling Problem (JSP). In this sense, embedding Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) into Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is a highly promising approach to handle complex and dynamic JSPs. This paper proposes a data exchange framework in order to deal with the JSP considering the state-of-the-art technology regarding MAS, CPS and industrial standards. The proposed framework has self-configuring features to deal with disturbances in the production line. This is possible through the development of an intelligent system based on the use of agents and the Internet of Things (IoT) to achieve real-time data exchange and decision making in the job-shop. The performance of the proposed framework is tested in a simulation study based on a real industrial case. The results substantiate gains in flexibility, scalability and efficiency through the data exchange between factory layers. Finally, the paper presents insights regarding industrial applications in the Industry 4.0 era in general and in particular with regard to the framework implementation in the analyzed industrial case.

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Insights into Mapping Solutions Based on OPC UA Information Model Applied to the Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell

Computers ◽

10.3390/computers9020028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Salvatore Cavalieri ◽

Marco Giuseppe Salafia

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Manufacturing Systems ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Information Model ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Reference Architecture ◽

Architecture Model ◽

Open Platform ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The One

In the context of Industry 4.0, lot of effort is being put to achieve interoperability among industrial applications. As the definition and adoption of communication standards are of paramount importance for the realization of interoperability, during the last few years different organizations have developed reference architectures to align standards in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. One of the main examples is the reference architecture model for Industry 4.0, which defines the asset administration shell as the corner stone of the interoperability between applications managing manufacturing systems. Inside Industry 4.0 there is also so much interest behind the standard open platform communications unified architecture (OPC UA), which is listed as the one recommendation for realizing the communication layer of the reference architecture model. The contribution of this paper is to give some insights behind modelling techniques that should be adopted during the definition of OPC UA Information Model exposing information of the very recent metamodel defined for the asset administration shell. All the general rationales and solutions here provided are compared with the current OPC UA-based existing representation of asset administration shell provided by literature. Specifically, differences will be pointed out giving to the reader advantages and disadvantages behind each solution.

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