scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on Cyber-Physical Smart Grid Testbed Architectures: Requirements and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Abdallah A. Smadi ◽  
Babatunde Tobi Ajao ◽  
Brian K. Johnson ◽  
Hangtian Lei ◽  
Yacine Chakhchoukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data

The integration of improved control techniques with advanced information technologies enables the rapid development of smart grids. The necessity of having an efficient, reliable, and flexible communication infrastructure is achieved by enabling real-time data exchange between numerous intelligent and traditional electrical grid elements. The performance and efficiency of the power grid are enhanced with the incorporation of communication networks, intelligent automation, advanced sensors, and information technologies. Although smart grid technologies bring about valuable economic, social, and environmental benefits, testing the combination of heterogeneous and co-existing Cyber-Physical-Smart Grids (CP-SGs) with conventional technologies presents many challenges. The examination for both hardware and software components of the Smart Grid (SG) system is essential prior to the deployment in real-time systems. This can take place by developing a prototype to mimic the real operational circumstances with adequate configurations and precision. Therefore, it is essential to summarize state-of-the-art technologies of industrial control system testbeds and evaluate new technologies and vulnerabilities with the motivation of stimulating discoveries and designs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the advancement of CP-SGs with their corresponding testbeds including diverse testing paradigms has been performed. In particular, we broadly discuss CP-SG testbed architectures along with the associated functions and main vulnerabilities. The testbed requirements, constraints, and applications are also discussed. Finally, the trends and future research directions are highlighted and specified.

scholarly journals The Importance of Implementing Cyber Physical Systems to Acquire Real-Time Data and Indicators

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Paula Morella ◽  
María Pilar Lambán ◽  
Jesús Antonio Royo ◽  
Juan Carlos Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Time Data

Among the new trends in technology that have emerged through the Industry 4.0, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) are crucial for the real-time data acquisition. This data acquisition, together with its transformation in valuable information, are indispensable for the development of real-time indicators. Moreover, real-time indicators provide companies with a competitive advantage over the competition since they enhance the calculus and speed up the decision-making and failure detection. Our research highlights the advantages of real-time data acquisition for supply chains, developing indicators that would be impossible to achieve with traditional systems, improving the accuracy of the existing ones and enhancing the real-time decision-making. Moreover, it brings out the importance of integrating technologies 4.0 in industry, in this case, CPS and IoT, and establishes the main points for a future research agenda of this topic.

Five progressive responses to the grand challenges of the 21st century – An introduction

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110592
Author(s):  
Lars Bo Kaspersen ◽  
Liv Egholm
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cold War

We are living in a world which is severely crisis-ridden and faces some major challenges. The fact that we are currently facing a genuine global pandemic (COVID-19) brings about even more uncertainty. The social and political institutions, which emerged and consolidated during the 20th century, and which created stability, have become fragile. The young generation born in the 1990s and onwards have experienced 9/11 and the ‘war against terrorism’, the financial crisis of 2008, changes to climate, environmental degradation, and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic. The generation born between 1960 and 1990 have had the same experiences along with severe economic crises in the 1970s and 1980s and the Cold War. Some of these challenges are in different ways intertwined with capitalism and its crises, while others are linked to the rapid development of new technologies, in particular innovations within communication and information technologies. This introduction lists the most important grand challenges facing the world as they have emerged more recently. The five articles following this introduction address some of these challenges, with particular attention to the problems of capitalism and democracy and the relation between these two areas. Most authors agree that climate change and the destruction of the environment are the biggest and most pertinent problems to address, but it is their stance that we can only meet these challenges if democracy is functioning well.

scholarly journals Usability in 4D AR: Visualising Multi-temporal Real-time Geo-data in Augmented Reality Environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Resch ◽  
Andreas Wichmann ◽  
Nicolas Göll
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Time Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Orientation Data ◽  
Information Density ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Multi Temporal

Even though advantages of 3D visualisation of multi-temporal geo-data versus 2D approaches have been widely proven, the particular pertaining challenge of real-time visualisation of geo-data in mobile Digital Earth applications has not been thoroughly tackled so far. In the emerging field of Augmented Reality (AR), research needs comprise finding the optimal information density, the interplay between orientation data in the background and other information layers, using the appropriate graphical variables for display, or selecting real-time base data with adequate quality and suitable spatial accuracy. In this paper we present a concept for integrating real-time data into 4D (three spatial dimensions plus time) AR environments, i.e., data with “high” spatial and temporal variations. We focus on three research challenges: 1.) high-performance integration of real-time data into AR; 2.) usability design in terms of displaying spatio-temporal developments and the interaction with the application; and 3.) design considerations regarding reality vs. virtuality, visualisation complexity and information density. We validated our approach in a prototypical application and extracted several limitations and future research areas including natural feature recognition, the cross-connection of (oftentimes monolithic) AR interface developments and well-established cartographic principles, or fostering the understanding of the temporal context in dynamic 4D Augmented Reality environments.

scholarly journals Experiment Control and Monitoring System for LOG-a-TEC Testbed

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6422
Author(s):  
Grega Morano ◽  
Andrej Hrovat ◽  
Matevž Vučnik ◽  
Janez Puhan ◽  
Gordana Gardašević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Interference Avoidance ◽  
Sensor Management ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
A Tec ◽  
Control And Monitoring System ◽  
And Control

The LOG-a-TEC testbed is a combined outdoor and indoor heterogeneous wireless testbed for experimentation with sensor networks and machine-type communications, which is included within the Fed4FIRE+ federation. It supports continuous deployment principles; however, it is missing an option to monitor and control the experiment in real-time, which is required for experiment execution under comparable conditions. The paper describes the implementation of the experiment control and monitoring system (EC and MS) as the upgrade of the LOG-a-TEC testbed. EC and MS is implemented within existing infrastructure management and built systems as a new service. The EC and MS is accessible as a new tab in sensor management system portal. It supports several commands, including start, stop and restart application, exit the experiment, flash or reset the target device, and displays the real-time status of the experiment application. When nodes apply Contiki-NG as their operating system, the Contiki-NG shell tool is accessible with the help of the newly developed tool, giving further experiment execution control capabilities to the user. By using the ZeroMQ concurrency framework as a message exchange system, information can be asynchronously sent to one or many devices at the same time, providing a real-time data exchange mechanism. The proposed upgrade does not disrupt any continuous deployment functionality and enables remote control and monitoring of the experiment. To evaluate the EC and MS functionality, two experiments were conducted: the first demonstrated the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) localization, while the second analysed interference avoidance in the 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e) wireless technology for the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).

Signal Processing Techniques in Smart Grids

2017 ◽  
pp. 1278-1302
Author(s):  
Zahoor Uddin ◽  
Nadir Shah ◽  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Waqar Mehmood ◽  
Farooq Alam
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
System Control ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Signal Processing Techniques

Basic concept of a smart grid is to have monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis to support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand and reduce the energy consumption and cost. Implementing the smart grid will require intelligent interaction between the power generating and consuming devices that can be achieved by installing devices capable of processing data and communicating it to various parts in the grid. In short, we can say that the modern efficient data processing and communication technologies require advance digital signal processing techniques used in smart grid. This chapter first provides a comprehensive survey on the applications of signal processing techniques in smart grid. The challenges and limitations of signal processing techniques regarding the smart grid are also presented. Literature review of the recent advances in smart grid is also presented. This chapter also outlines some future research directions related to the field of applications of signal processing techniques in smart grid.

Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

2022 ◽  
pp. 1192-1211
Author(s):  
Cosmin Darab
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

Electric vehicles were proposed as a good solution to solving energy crisis and environmental problems caused by the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. In the last years due to the rapid development of the electric vehicles, the problem of power grid integration was addressed. In order to not put additional pressure onto the power grid several new technologies were developed. This chapter presents the smart grid technology, vehicle-to-grid concept, and electric vehicles grid integration. These technologies made possible the integration of electric vehicles without any major changes in the power grid. Moreover, electric vehicles integration brought new benefits to the power grid like better integration of renewable energy.

An Effectiveness Modelling Approach for IoT-Based Smart Grids

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-111
Author(s):  
Dongming Fan ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Qiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Multi Agent

The smart grid is a new paradigm that enables highly efficient energy production, transport, and consumption along the whole chain from the source to the user. The smart grid is the combination of classical power grid with emerging communication and information technologies. IoT-based smart grid will be one of the largest instantiations of the IoT in the future. The effectiveness of IoT-based smart grid is mainly reflected in observability, real-time analysis, decision-making, and self-healing. A proper effectiveness modeling approach should maintain the reliability and maintainability of IoT-based smart grids. In this chapter, a multi-agent-based approach is proposed to model the architecture of IoT-based smart grids. Based on the agent framework, certain common types of agents are provided to describe the operation and restoration process of smart grids. A case study is demonstrated to model an IoT-based smart grid with restoration, and the interactive process with agents is proposed simultaneously.

Real-time data exchange system based on compact PCI and DAM for heavy ion synchrotron control

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 115103
Author(s):  
李桂花 Li Guihua ◽  
赵五元 Zhao Wuyuan ◽  
马进忠 Ma Jinzhong ◽  
汪荣荣 Wang Rongrong
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Real Time Data

Real-time data exchange of power supply digital adjustor of HIRFL-CSR

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2897-2900
Author(s):  
曾贤强 Zeng Xianqiang ◽  
敬岚 Jing Lan ◽  
龙银东 Long Yindong ◽  
姚泽恩 Yao Ze’en ◽  
郭玉辉 Guo Yuhui
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data

scholarly journals Research on Security Framework of Mobile Application in Dispatch and Control Domain of Power Grid

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
XU Jiahui ◽  
YU Hongyuan ◽  
WANG Gang ◽  
WANG Zi ◽  
BAI Jingjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
And Control

The rapid development of mobile Internet technology and the wide spread of smart terminals have brought opportunities for the transformation of power grid business model. Compared to the non-real-time information, the real-time and running data of dispatch and control domain is easy to be intercepted and cracked. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new approach to mobile application security framework for the power grid control field. It is to realize secondary encryption by using the method of MD5+AES mixed encryption algorithm and combining the time stamp in real-time data transmission process. At the same time it is to prevent cross-border operations and brute force by using Token authentication and Session technology. China EPRI safety test results show that the application of the framework significantly improves the integrity, safety and reliability of real-time data in power grid control.

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